Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos Author Choi, Jinyeong Author Soysouvanh, Pheophanh Author Lee, Seunghwan Author Hong, Ki-Jeong text Zootaxa 2018 2018-08-17 4460 1 1 62 journal article 29001 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1 84973bd6-9d66-4172-8f50-2a482edccf2a 1175-5326 1459506 DB841017-698F-4D44-A633-461D350DC984 Parasaissetia nigra ( Nietner, 1861 ) ( Figs 45 , 46 ) Lecanium nigrum Nietner, 1861 : 9 . Diagnosis. Dorsum with anal plates each with 4 apical setae ( Figs 45D , 46E ); and preopercular pores present anterior to anal plates ( Fig. 46D ). Marginal setae with broadly fimbriate apices ( Fig. 46K ). Venter with multilocular disc-pores usually each with 10 loculi, mainly present around vulvar area ( Fig. 46F ); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule ( Fig. 46G ); antenna 7 or 8 segmented (partially adopted from Williams & Watson 1990 ). Material examined. 2 ♀♀, LAOS, Hadsayfong Dist., Vientiane Capital, 16.ii.2017 , coll. P.P. Soysouvanh, on Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. (Euphorbiaceae) . Hosts. Polyphagous. According to García Morales et al . (2016) , P. nigra has been recorded from plants belonging to 242 genera in 92 families. In Laos , it has been found on Euphorbia sp. ( Euphorbiaceae ) and Musa sp. ( Musaceae ) ( Hodgson 1994 ). Distribution. All zoogeographical regions; Oriental Region ( India , Indonesia , Laos , Malaysia , Philippines , Sri Lanka , Taiwan , Thailand , and Vietnam ) ( García Morales et al . 2016 ). Economic importance. Hamon & Williams (1984) and Hodgson (2000) considered P. nigra to be a pest on diverse ornamental plants in tropical regions; it was also regarded as a potential pest of citrus and avocado ( Persea americana ) in California ( Smith 1944 ). FIGURE 45. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) . A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, polygonal reticulations; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm. Remarks. Parasaissetia nigra is easily recognized by the following morphological combination: (i) dorsum with reticulated pattern; (ii) having 3 stigmatic spines; and (iii) lacking ventral tubular ducts in the medial area of the abdomen ( Hodgson 1994 ).