256 lines
29 KiB
XML
256 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="F1520A5C0FE9EB04C88221CEF81DABA5" ID-DOI="10.17161/jom.v0i50.4834" ID-ISSN="2325-4467" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722893676415" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tripodi, Amber D. & Szalanski, Allen L." docDate="2015" docId="4A7B7945FFA6EB5C9AF8312D0E31FD48" docLanguage="en" docName="JMelittology.2015.50.1-17.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Melittology 2015 (50)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i50.4834" docStyle="DocumentStyle:20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416.4:JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="20C606B715423E98DFED429F4976A416" docStyleName="JMelittology.2013-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bombus (Thoracobombus) fervidus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="B642013DFFAFEB569B63350C0C1CFE31" masterDocTitle="The bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) of Arkansas, fifty years later" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1722900214979" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="986EC1294D96D5744267B42378B42D3B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="669ECBC051C49BCB8FB1FA09779BD9E2">
|
||
<mods:title id="340B2E8D9BEE91FB6D208E31D912443F">The bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) of Arkansas, fifty years later</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="5DF58153A95D0FB4B85D8B90511200E2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2B7E7338DB49FF77928663407681529A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C864148B7129B42928E3C9CF1F2A5F42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="194CD7690203936ECE8F55B8FB90E4D8">Tripodi, Amber D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="CD5F73AB99E3F031F5F5181787C6C80F">Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA (aszalan @ uark. edu). & Current address: USDA-ARS, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, Utah 84322, USA (amber. tripodi @ ars. usda. gov).</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F9523DD162DCA623C55ACFDC0CE31E9D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="382F0BC58B3AA42E75E257119CBE88F2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C66975B1ECB7990068CD90EFA813C825">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4C161C3FD2EA623FE2CF6EDC0D2D7E39">Szalanski, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="1356A0FC2141B41AA9BE999143B9F010">Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA (aszalan @ uark. edu).</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="384328C40333AC245508EAEE986F71AB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F7F8935C4380A7C7FD9C2C594198DE85" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A4800EAC61B6C3BE1E447C9973BE2137">
|
||
<mods:title id="EBC04F397F3FDF49E198579283EF56A8">Journal of Melittology</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="0FAD82D647B8DB29CEFB794F93758A77">
|
||
<mods:date id="666605AA0A5F1188C45EBD3D36EA6369">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F8F6FCFB54C3B15C6EB3A99408F65802" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="5FE63E658114BCE8FF458E3A1F3D2C9C">2015-06-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0CD5556DD4B5E86CB05FFDABE6328D95" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="08C40C92FDFA7B2CC80AEDAEFEDF9173">2015</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="CED39A4FFA26A2552BB3FCEB57D9D012" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="538C75A8AF185A71440F3197E0EB853E">50</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="790EE144CE403165E48A04D7E72EE64D" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="289F6F29E8C2A83C261BB5955DA16B8D">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="0A871A8AF6EEE92CA945ACDB14764FB5">17</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="5D3A185FF760DB9B7F9F34EE2794F098">
|
||
<mods:url id="BD2B2A90B47A5D101134E3CBBB1C0DCB">http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jom.v0i50.4834</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C6CD150A31178B5BAE83E0BA72EE1B07">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5CAACEFBB788996424049C0CF066FD6D" type="DOI">10.17161/jom.v0i50.4834</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="038A2E01085C9D54906FA74D07E69403" type="ISSN">2325-4467</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="4A7B7945FFA6EB5C9AF8312D0E31FD48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A7B7945FFA6EB5C9AF8312D0E31FD48" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A7B7945FFA6EB5C9AF8312D0E31FD48" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AC89BD8FFA6EB5F9AF8312D0F0DFA68" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA6EB5F9AF8312D0F89FA08" blockId="9.[411,917,1057,1082]" box="[411,917,1057,1082]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="99257F3FFFA6EB5F9AF8312D0F89FA08" box="[411,917,1057,1082]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F9AF8312D0F89FA08" ID-CoL="MFJ3" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[411,917,1057,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus" subGenus="Thoracobombus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9AF8312D0DEDFA08" box="[411,497,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bombus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9962312D0EB6FA08" box="[513,682,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thoracobombus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F99DA312D0F0CFA08" box="[697,784,1057,1081]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA6EB5F997C314D0F0DFA68" blockId="9.[543,785,1089,1113]" box="[543,785,1089,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">‘Yellow Bumble Bee’</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8AC89BD8FFA6EB5C9BB3318D0E31FD48" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA6EB5F9BB3318D0FEAF808" blockId="9.[160,1168,1153,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9BB3318D0D9FFAA8" author="Franklin, H. J." box="[208,387,1153,1177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref9455" refString="Franklin, H. J. 1912. The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 38 (3 - 4): 177 - 486." type="journal article" year="1912">Franklin (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F9A9A318E0E73FAA8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[505,623,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9A9A318E0E15FAA8" box="[505,521,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F997B318D0E73FAA8" box="[536,623,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as absent throughout “the greater part of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA6EB5F9F0B318E0CE8FA88" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
”, but, lacking deposited specimens, its presence could not be confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9BC331CD0DC1FAE8" author="Chandler, L. & C. E. McCoy, Jr." box="[160,477,1217,1241]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="46 - 53" refId="ref8888" refString="Chandler, L., & C. E. McCoy, Jr. 1965. The bumble bees of Arkansas (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombinae). Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 19: 46 - 53." type="journal article" year="1965">Chandler & McCoy (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F990F31CE0EFFFAE8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[620,739,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F990F31CE0E60FAE8" box="[620,636,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F99EF31CD0EFFFAE8" box="[652,739,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has intermittently been reported in the state (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9A7231ED0DA7FAC8" author="Franklin, H. J." box="[273,443,1249,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref9455" refString="Franklin, H. J. 1912. The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 38 (3 - 4): 177 - 486." type="journal article" year="1912">Franklin, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9AA531ED0E6AFAC8" author="Warriner, M. D." box="[454,630,1249,1273]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref10712" refString="Warriner, M. D. 2011. Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of remnant grasslands in Arkansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84 (1): 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="2011">Warriner, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and niche modeling suggests that the northwestern portion of the state could be marginally suitable for the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9F69300D0D1EFB08" author="Williams, P. H. & R. W. Thorp & L. L. Richardson & S. R. Colla" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref10861" refString="Williams, P. H., R. W. Thorp, L. L. Richardson, & S. R. Colla. 2014. Bumble Bees of North America: An Identification Guide. Princeton University Press; Princeton, NJ; 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9F1E300E0CAFFB08" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), its presence here is dubious. A recent survey of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F983C302D0FA9FB08" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[863,949,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F983C302D0FA9FB08" box="[863,949,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bombus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in remnant grasslands throughout the state reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F992B304E0EA0FB68" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[584,700,1345,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F992B304E0E44FB68" box="[584,600,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9906304D0EA0FB68" box="[613,700,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Boone and Franklin Counties in 2003 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9BCB306D0D45FB48" author="Warriner, M. D." box="[168,345,1377,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="43 - 50" refId="ref10712" refString="Warriner, M. D. 2011. Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of remnant grasslands in Arkansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84 (1): 43 - 50." type="journal article" year="2011">Warriner, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the first such sightings since it was reported 90 years prior (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9F47306D0CC6FBA8" author="Franklin, H. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="177 - 486" refId="ref9455" refString="Franklin, H. J. 1912. The Bombidae of the New World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 38 (3 - 4): 177 - 486." type="journal article" year="1912">Franklin, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Boone County specimen was the only state record of this species with a deposited voucher specimen. Another historical specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F989D30AE0868FB88" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1022,1140,1441,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F989D30AE0812FB88" box="[1022,1038,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9F7E30AD0868FB88" box="[1053,1140,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is among the specimens in the UAAM collection: a male collected
|
||
<date id="B66CEE93FFA6EB5F98EE30CD085DFBE8" box="[909,1089,1473,1497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1963-10-01">
|
||
October 1,
|
||
<quantity id="052A65B6FFA6EB5F9F6F30CD085DFBE8" box="[1036,1089,1473,1497]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.98602" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="1963.0">1963</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Columbia County in the southern extreme of the state. These
|
||
<specimenCount id="D4D403DAFFA6EB5F980730EE0808FBC8" box="[868,1044,1505,1529]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in the UAAM collection as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F9A87330E0E46F828" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[484,602,1537,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9A87330E0DE8F828" box="[484,500,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9960330D0E46F828" box="[515,602,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were both males, yet investigations of genitalic characters by the authors revealed that they are actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F985A332E0FF3F808" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[825,1007,1569,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F985A332E0F55F808" box="[825,841,1570,1593]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9834332D0FF3F808" box="[855,1007,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA6EB5C9BB3334D088BFD28" blockId="9.[160,1168,1153,1785]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1175,225,889]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F9A20334E0DA7F868" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[323,443,1601,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9A20334E0D4FF868" box="[323,339,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9A07334D0DA7F868" box="[356,443,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
superficially resemble some of the variants of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F9F5C334E0D0DF848" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9F5C334E0853F868" box="[1087,1103,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9F02334E0D0DF848" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the two species can be difficult to distinguish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F98FE336D0857F848" author="Mitchell, T. B." box="[925,1099,1633,1657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref10149" refString="Mitchell, T. B. 1962. Bees of the Eastern United States [Volume 2]. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station [Technical Bulletin 152]; Raleigh, NC; 557 pp." type="book" year="1962">Mitchell, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9B9D338D0DB3F8A8" author="Mitchell, T. B." box="[254,431,1665,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref10149" refString="Mitchell, T. B. 1962. Bees of the Eastern United States [Volume 2]. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station [Technical Bulletin 152]; Raleigh, NC; 557 pp." type="book" year="1962">Mitchell (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggests a number of external characters that can be helpful,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F9BC333AE0D49F888" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[160,341,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9BC333AE0CACF888" box="[160,176,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9BDE33AD0D49F888" box="[189,341,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F9AF333AE0E18F888" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[400,516,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9AF333AE0DBCF888" box="[400,416,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F9ACE33AD0E18F888" box="[429,516,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males can only be reliably distinguished by comparing their genitalia. The most obvious difference is in the penis valves (
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F98B033CE080CF8E8" box="[979,1040,1730,1753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9F7A33CD0CC4F8C8" author="Michener, C. D." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref10107" refString="Michener, C. D. 2007. The Bees of the World [2 nd Edition]. John Hopkins University Press; Baltimore, MD; xvi + [i] + 953 pp., + 20 pls." type="book" year="2007">Michener, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA6EB5F9B8633ED0D93F8C8" author="Mitchell, T. B." box="[229,399,1761,1785]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref10149" refString="Mitchell, T. B. 1962. Bees of the Eastern United States [Volume 2]. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station [Technical Bulletin 152]; Raleigh, NC; 557 pp." type="book" year="1962">Mitchell, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The enlarged apices of the penis valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA6EB5F98C833EE087FF8C8" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[939,1123,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F98C833EE0FA7F8C8" box="[939,955,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA6EB5F98A833ED087FF8C8" box="[971,1123,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are long and slender, while the apices of those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA5EB5C99AA35EE0F5CFEC8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[713,832,225,249]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C99AA35EE0EC5FEC8" box="[713,729,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C998A35ED0F5CFEC8" box="[745,832,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more truncate, with the breadth and width about equal. Additionally, the interior process of the gonostylus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA5EB5C9BC3342E0D4BFF08" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[160,343,289,313]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pensylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C9BC3342E0CACFF08" box="[160,176,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C9BDC342D0D4BFF08" box="[191,343,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pensylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is flattened and broad, unlike that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA5EB5C987B342E0F92FF08" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[792,910,289,313]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C987B342E0F34FF08" box="[792,808,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C9854342D0F92FF08" box="[823,910,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA5EB5C98C6342D0846FF08" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[933,1114,289,313]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C98C6342D0846FF08" box="[933,1114,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bombus fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not observed in 2011–2013 standardized surveys that we conducted throughout the northwestern portion of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA5EB5C9AAA346D0E26FF48" box="[457,570,353,377]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, despite intensive sampling each season (number of observations = 1693). The North American distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA5EB5C9817348E0FF5FFA8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[884,1001,385,409]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C9817348E0F98FFA8" box="[884,900,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C98F1348D0FF5FFA8" box="[914,1001,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be primarily western and northeastern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA5EB5C993B34AD0F06FF88" author="Koch, J. & J. Strange & P. H. Williams" box="[600,794,417,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref9961" refString="Koch, J., J. Strange, & P. H. Williams. 2012. Bumble Bees of the Western United States. USDA Forest Service and the Pollinator Partnership; Washington, D. C.; 143 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Koch
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C99FD34AE0ED0FF88" box="[670,716,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA5EB5C984534AD0809FF88" author="Williams, P. H. & R. W. Thorp & L. L. Richardson & S. R. Colla" box="[806,1045,417,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref10861" refString="Williams, P. H., R. W. Thorp, L. L. Richardson, & S. R. Colla. 2014. Bumble Bees of North America: An Identification Guide. Princeton University Press; Princeton, NJ; 208 pp." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C98F434AE0FD9FF88" box="[919,965,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To date, there are no deposited specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA5EB5C993834CE0ECEFFE8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[603,722,449,473]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C993834CE0E77FFE8" box="[603,619,450,473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C991834CD0ECEFFE8" box="[635,722,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA5EB5C980F34CD0FC2FFE8" box="[876,990,449,473]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Although we cannot discount its occasional presence in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA5EB5C99F034ED0F18FFC8" box="[659,772,481,505]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, it seems more likely that records of this species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA5EB5C9A0D370D0DC1FC28" box="[366,477,513,537]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
are based on misidentifications of males, rather than true occurrences. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA5EB5C9A16372D0DFFFC08" box="[373,483,545,569]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
Natural Heritage Commission lists
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05D2B3D0FFA5EB5C98EF372E081DFC08" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[908,1025,545,569]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Bombus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C98EF372E0F80FC08" box="[908,924,546,569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C98C9372D081DFC08" box="[938,1025,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fervidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a species of concern within the state, with a ranking of S1, an “extremely rare” species at risk of statewide extirpation, known from Boone and Franklin Counties (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA5EB5C98F6376D0836FC48" author="ARNC & Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission" box="[917,1066,609,633]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref8594" refString="ARNC [Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission]. 2014. Research & Data on Endangered Species in Arkansas. [http: // www. naturalheritage. com / research-data. aspx; last accessed March, 2015]." type="url" year="2014">ARNC, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Investing in the conservation of species that are not true residents of an area, such as vagrants or marginal species (
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A61441FFA5EB5C9AFB37AE0DACFC88" box="[408,432,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">i.e</emphasis>
|
||
., ones that occasionally occur in an area at the extreme of the species’ range margin) is an inefficient approach to conservation that squanders scarce resources (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A643B5A2FFA5EB5C9A7C37ED0E45FCC8" author="Rodrigues, A. S. & K. J. Gaston" box="[287,601,737,761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="674 - 682" refId="ref10342" refString="Rodrigues, A. S., & K. J. Gaston. 2002. Rarity and conservation planning across geopolitical units. Conservation Biology 16 (3): 674 - 682." type="journal article" year="2002">Rodrigues & Gaston, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because there are no vouchered specimens of this species collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="001606B1FFA5EB5C9AD2360D0E3DFD28" box="[433,545,769,793]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, we recommend that this state ranking be re-assessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA5EB5C9BB3362D0E84FD0B" blockId="10.[160,1175,225,889]" box="[208,664,801,826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
GLOSSA LENGTH: Long (6.50 ±
|
||
<quantity id="052A65B6FFA5EB5C9947362D0E90FD0B" box="[548,652,801,826]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.74">0.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA5EB5C9BB3364E0E92FD68" blockId="10.[160,1175,225,889]" box="[208,654,833,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ADULT ACTIVE PERIOD: Not in the state.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C26DC853FFA5EB5C9BB3366E0E31FD48" blockId="10.[160,1175,225,889]" box="[208,557,865,889]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PREFERRED PLANTS: Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |