335 lines
53 KiB
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335 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="FDC0DBCB62F6C74553E49340C395B423" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5391395" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391395" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1630314607455" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Newman, William A." docDate="2000" docId="0381B717FFBDD02FFF8FFB0779E69C7B" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2000.22.1.71-84.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 22 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Verrucomorpha Pilsbry 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FFB8CF6FFFB7D023FFFDFFA2785A9F69" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1729878602252" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BD7DFF626A3F323CAD21EDCDAB54F4C7">A new genus and species of barnacle (Cirripedia, Verrucomorpha) associated with vents of the Lau Back-Arc Basin: its gross morphology, inferred first juvenile stage and affinities</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A910C42D7A8F88165E9CAE3336A23240">Newman, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2C2B6D86170DC118A2393241E6F85852">Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 - 0202 (USA) wnewman @ ucsd. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0D2985A7AB72AAE7BB20A717E3E6070B">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D4187839EA76C59DE02120E67B02E431">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F98D3F6C1C7033DF0C27227AA8C9620C">2000-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3832FE584074AA4FD779B1AA91D8AD7E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5391395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0381B717FFBDD02FFF8FFB0779E69C7B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6958BBE8-3871-4F1F-9CAA-BCFB88A86D0E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381B717FFBDD02FFF8FFB0779E69C7B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection id="C332558AFFBDD029FF8FFB077A399BA9" box="[114,611,1188,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B970601FFBDD029FF8FFB077A399BA9" blockId="10.[114,647,1188,1706]" box="[114,611,1188,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBDD029FF8FFB077A399BA9" box="[114,611,1188,1216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">
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Origin and diversification of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FE38FB047A399BA9" authority="Pilsbry, 1916" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1916" box="[453,611,1190,1216]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Verrucomorpha">Verrucomorpha</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C332558AFFBDD02FFF8FFB6679E69C7B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B970601FFBDD029FF8FFB667B689B2C" blockId="10.[114,647,1188,1706]" lastBlockId="10.[677,1210,208,1706]" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">
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Until recently, the affinities of the verrucomorphs have been puzzling. This was in good part due to the fact that while sessile, they appeared to share as many characters with the scalpellomorphs as with the balanomorphs. Darwin was the first to study their anatomy in detail and work out the homologies of their plates, and in his first volume on the fossil barnacles he notes (1851: 5),
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FDCAFA387ADD9ADA" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[567,647,1434,1459]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Verrucidae" genus="Verruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBDD029FDCAFA387ADD9ADA" box="[567,647,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">Verruca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“[…] though hitherto included amongst the Sessile Cirripedes, must, when its whole organization is taken into consideration, be ranked in a distinct family of equal value with the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FDE3F9B47ADD9959" box="[542,647,1558,1584]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Balanidae</taxonomicName>
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[balanomorphs] and
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FE76F9967A509927" box="[395,522,1588,1614]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lepadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepadidae</taxonomicName>
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[scalpellomorphs], but perhaps more nearly related to the latter than to the Sessile Cirripedes.” In his second volume on the fossil barnacles [1855 (1854): 41], he again notes that “Upon the whole, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FCDEFF4D7BC39E60" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[803,921,239,265]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Verrucidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Verrucidae</taxonomicName>
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are nearly equally related to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FD0EFEAC7B329E41" box="[755,872,270,296]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lepadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepadidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FC58FEAC7C429E41" box="[933,1048,270,296]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Balanidae</taxonomicName>
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; but certainly nearer to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FCC3FE8E7BE89E2F" box="[830,946,300,326]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Lepadidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lepadidae</taxonomicName>
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, than to the sub-family
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FD58FEE97B4B9E0C" baseAuthorityName="Gistel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[677,785,331,357]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Balaninae">Balaninae</taxonomicName>
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or typical sessile cirripedes...” But he then goes on to write, “[…] if compelled to place
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FD58FE2A7AA09EC8" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[677,762,392,417]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Verrucidae" genus="Verruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBDD029FD58FE2A7AA09EC8" box="[677,762,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">Verruca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in one of these two families, I should place it amongst the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FC61FE057C189EA8" authorityName="Darwin" authorityYear="1854" box="[924,1090,423,449]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chthamalinae">Chthamalinae</taxonomicName>
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, the other sub-family of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FC8FFE647BBE9E89" baseAuthorityName="Gistel" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[882,996,454,480]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Balanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Balaninae">Balaninae</taxonomicName>
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”, and on the same page he notes this was written after his Ray Society monograph on the living sessile barnacles (1854: 495) where he gives a more detailed version of the same thing. So, while the verrucomorphs shared characters more or less equally between the scalpellomorphs and balanomorphs, Darwin considered them not just early sessile barnacles but, if compelled to place them within the existing classification, he would include them with the primitive balanomorphs. However, when it came to his classification, Darwin abandoned the
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FCD8FC947BE99C39" box="[805,947,822,848]" class="Maxillopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pedunculata" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Pedunculata</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FC0FFC947C1E9C39" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" box="[1010,1092,822,848]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Sessilia</taxonomicName>
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as formal taxa, and subsequent workers (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FBEAFCF67CEF9C07" author="Pilsbry H. A." box="[1047,1205,852,878]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 366" part="93" refId="ref7445" refString="Pilsbry H. A. 1916. - The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 93: 1 - 366." title="The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species" type="journal article" year="1916">Pilsbry 1916</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FD58FCD17B0B9CE4" author="Withers T. H." bookContentInfo="British Museum, Natural History, London, 155 p." box="[677,849,883,909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" refId="ref7729" refString="Withers T. H. 1928. - Catalogue of Fossil Cirripedia in the Department of Geology 1 (Triassic and Jurassic). British Museum, Natural History, London, 155 p." title="Catalogue of Fossil Cirripedia in the Department of Geology 1 (Triassic and Jurassic)." type="book" year="1928">Withers 1928</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FC9DFCD07BA49CE4" author="Kruger P." box="[864,1022,882,909]" editor="H. G. Bronns" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" refId="ref6855" refString="Kruger P. 1940. - Cirripedia, in H. G. Bronns Klassen und Ordungen des Tierreichs. 5,1,3,3: 1 - 566. Akademia Verlag, Leipzig." title="Cirripedia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Klassen und Ordungen des Tierreichs. 5,1,3,3: 1 - 566. Akademia Verlag, Leipzig" year="1940">Krüger 1940</bibRefCitation>
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) followed suit. Consequently the sessile barnacles,
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FBAEFC337AA19CA3" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1916" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Verrucomorpha">Verrucomorpha</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBDD029FCCBFC127B819CA3" box="[822,987,944,970]" class="Maxillopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Balanomorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Balanomorpha</taxonomicName>
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, were considered to have sprung independently from the scalpellomorphs (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FCE1FC4C7C599B61" author="Newman W. A. & Zullo V. A. & Withers T. H." box="[796,1027,1005,1032]" editor="Moore R. C." pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="206 - 295" refId="ref7381" refString="Newman W. A., Zullo V. A. & Withers T. H. 1969. - Cirripedia: R 206 - 295, in Moore R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R, Arthropoda 4, Vol. 1. University of Kansas; Geological Society of America, Boulder." title="Cirripedia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R, Arthropoda 4, Vol. 1. University of Kansas; Geological Society of America, Boulder." year="1969">
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Newman
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<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBDD029FC77FC4F7B9A9B61" box="[906,960,1005,1032]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
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1969
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</bibRefCitation>
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: R266, fig. 133;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FD58FBAE7BFB9B4F" author="Ghiselin M. T. & Jaffe L." box="[677,929,1036,1062]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="132 - 140" part="22" refId="ref6654" refString="Ghiselin M. T. & Jaffe L. 1973. - Phylogenetic classification in Darwin's monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia. Systematic Zoology 22 (2): 132 - 140." title="Phylogenetic classification in Darwin's monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia" type="journal article" year="1973">Ghiselin & Jaffe 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FC07FBAE7ABA9B2C" author="Newman W. A. & Ross A." journalOrPublisher="San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 108" part="9" refId="ref7281" refString="Newman W. A. & Ross A. 1976. - Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalogue of the species. San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir 9: 1 - 108." title="Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalogue of the species" type="journal article" year="1976">Newman & Ross 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B970601FFBDD028FD58FBEB78849E41" blockId="10.[677,1210,208,1706]" lastBlockId="11.[113,647,208,817]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">
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In the meantime, however, a third group of sessile barnacles, the presumably extinct Brachylepadomorpha, was discovered (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FC08FB257CEF9BC8" author="Woodward H." box="[1013,1205,1159,1185]" journalOrPublisher="Geological Magazine, New Series" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="145 - 152" part="8" refId="ref7803" refString="Woodward H. 1901. - On Pyrgoma cretacea, a cirripede from the Upper Chalk of Norwich and Margate. Geological Magazine, New Series, Decade IV, 8: 145 - 152 + pl. 8 (erratum, p. 240; additional note, p. 528)." title="On Pyrgoma cretacea, a cirripede from the Upper Chalk of Norwich and Margate" type="journal article" year="1901">Woodward 1901</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FD58FB047AB99BA9" author="Woodward H." box="[677,739,1190,1216]" journalOrPublisher="Geology Magazine, New Series" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="337 - 353" part="3" refId="ref7857" refString="Woodward H. 1906. - Cirripedes from the Trimmingham Chalk and other localities in Norfolk. Geology Magazine, New Series, Decade V, 3: 337 - 353." title="Cirripedes from the Trimmingham Chalk and other localities in Norfolk" type="journal article" year="1906">1906</bibRefCitation>
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), which Woodward considered central to the origin of the sessile barnacles. However, largely due to the authority of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FC44FB417CDA9B94" author="Pilsbry H. A." box="[953,1152,1251,1277]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 366" part="93" refId="ref7445" refString="Pilsbry H. A. 1916. - The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 93: 1 - 366." title="The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U. S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species" type="journal article" year="1916">Pilsbry (1916: 14)</bibRefCitation>
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, who considered the brachylepadomorphs at least pedunculate barnacles if not simply scalpellomorphs, they came generally accepted as an independent sessile group whereby the sessile barnacles were at least triphyletic (cf.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FBE1FADE7CEC9AFF" author="Withers T. H." bookContentInfo="British Museum, Natural History, London, 155 p." box="[1052,1206,1404,1430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" refId="ref7729" refString="Withers T. H. 1928. - Catalogue of Fossil Cirripedia in the Department of Geology 1 (Triassic and Jurassic). British Museum, Natural History, London, 155 p." title="Catalogue of Fossil Cirripedia in the Department of Geology 1 (Triassic and Jurassic)." type="book" year="1928">Withers 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FD58FA387B6F9ADC" author="Kruger P." box="[677,821,1434,1461]" editor="H. G. Bronns" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" refId="ref6855" refString="Kruger P. 1940. - Cirripedia, in H. G. Bronns Klassen und Ordungen des Tierreichs. 5,1,3,3: 1 - 566. Akademia Verlag, Leipzig." title="Cirripedia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Klassen und Ordungen des Tierreichs. 5,1,3,3: 1 - 566. Akademia Verlag, Leipzig" year="1940">Krüger 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FCBFFA387C739ADC" author="Newman W. A. & Zullo V. A. & Withers T. H." box="[834,1065,1434,1461]" editor="Moore R. C." pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="206 - 295" refId="ref7381" refString="Newman W. A., Zullo V. A. & Withers T. H. 1969. - Cirripedia: R 206 - 295, in Moore R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R, Arthropoda 4, Vol. 1. University of Kansas; Geological Society of America, Boulder." title="Cirripedia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R, Arthropoda 4, Vol. 1. University of Kansas; Geological Society of America, Boulder." year="1969">
|
||
Newman
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBDD029FC52FA387BBF9ADC" box="[943,997,1434,1461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1969
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FBCBFA387B7F9ABD" author="Newman W. A. & Ross A." journalOrPublisher="San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 108" part="9" refId="ref7281" refString="Newman W. A. & Ross A. 1976. - Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalogue of the species. San Diego Society of Natural History Memoir 9: 1 - 108." title="Revision of the balanomorph barnacles; including a catalogue of the species" type="journal article" year="1976">Newman & Ross 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FCC9FA1B7BB19ABD" author="Newman W. A." box="[820,1003,1465,1492]" editor="Abele L." pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="197 - 221" refId="ref7006" refString="Newman W. A. 1982. - Cirripedia: 197 - 221, in Abele L. (ed.), The Biology of Crustacea. 1. Academic Press, New York." title="Cirripedia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Biology of Crustacea. 1. Academic Press, New York" year="1982">Newman 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, some authors argued that the brachylepadomorphs were better candidates than the scalpellomorphs for the ancestors of the balanomorphs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FB9DF9B47ABA9927" author="Withers T. H." journalOrPublisher="Geology Magazine" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="321 - 326" part="9" refId="ref7697" refString="Withers T. H. 1912. - The cirripede Brachylepas cretacea H. Woodward. Geology Magazine 9: 321 - 326 & 353 - 359 + pl. 20." title="The cirripede Brachylepas cretacea H. Woodward" type="journal article" year="1912">Withers 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBDD029FD17F9967BD59927" author="Newman W. A." box="[746,911,1588,1614]" editor="Southward A. J." pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="3 - 42" refId="ref7098" refString="Newman W. A. 1987. - Evolution of Cirripedes and their major groups: 3 - 42, in Southward A. J. (ed.), Barnacle Biology, Crustacean Issues 5. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam." title="Evolution of Cirripedes and their major groups" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Barnacle Biology, Crustacean Issues 5. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam" year="1987">Newman 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and if so the sessile barnacles would be diphyletic rather than triphyletic. Furthermore, it was noted the brachylepadomorphs were also better candidates for the origin of the verrucomorphs, and if so, the sessile barnacles would be monophyletic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FE47FF4D7ADB9E60" author="Newman W. A." box="[442,641,239,265]" editor="Southward A. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="3 - 42" refId="ref7098" refString="Newman W. A. 1987. - Evolution of Cirripedes and their major groups: 3 - 42, in Southward A. J. (ed.), Barnacle Biology, Crustacean Issues 5. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam." title="Evolution of Cirripedes and their major groups" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Barnacle Biology, Crustacean Issues 5. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam" year="1987">Newman 1987: 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 19 & 33).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B970601FFBCD028FF8CFE8E7C309E0C" blockId="11.[113,647,208,817]" lastBlockId="11.[677,1210,208,817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Compelling evidence for a brachylepadomorph origin of the verrucomorphs appeared with the astonishing discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FE83FECB79509ECB" authority="(Newman & Hessler 1989)" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FE83FECB79A99EEB" box="[382,499,361,386]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FDFEFEC879589ECB" author="Newman W. A. & Hessler R. R." journalOrPublisher="San Diego Society of Natural History Transactions" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="259 - 273" part="21" refId="ref7233" refString="Newman W. A. & Hessler R. R. 1989. - A new abyssal hydrothermal verrucomorphan (Cirripedia; Sessilia): The most primitive living sessile barnacle. San Diego Society of Natural History Transactions 21 (16): 259 - 273." title="A new abyssal hydrothermal verrucomorphan (Cirripedia; Sessilia): The most primitive living sessile barnacle" type="journal article" year="1989">Newman & Hessler 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereby monophyly for the sessile barnacles became the favored hypothesis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FF87FE64799D9E89" author="Newman W. A. & Hessler R. R." box="[122,455,454,480]" journalOrPublisher="San Diego Society of Natural History Transactions" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="259 - 273" part="21" refId="ref7233" refString="Newman W. A. & Hessler R. R. 1989. - A new abyssal hydrothermal verrucomorphan (Cirripedia; Sessilia): The most primitive living sessile barnacle. San Diego Society of Natural History Transactions 21 (16): 259 - 273." title="A new abyssal hydrothermal verrucomorphan (Cirripedia; Sessilia): The most primitive living sessile barnacle" type="journal article" year="1989">Newman & Hessler 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FE27FE6479449E97" author="Yamaguchi T. & Newman W. A." journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="135 - 155" part="44" refId="ref7889" refString="Yamaguchi T. & Newman W. A. 1990. - A new and primitive barnacle (Cirripedia; Balanomorpha) from the North Fiji Basin abyssal hydrothermal field, and its evolutionary implications. Pacific Science 44 (2): 135 - 155." title="A new and primitive barnacle (Cirripedia; Balanomorpha) from the North Fiji Basin abyssal hydrothermal field, and its evolutionary implications" type="journal article" year="1990">Yamaguchi & Newman 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FED1FE467AD89E97" author="Buckeridge J. S. & Newman W. A." box="[300,642,484,510]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="341 - 345" part="66" refId="ref6397" refString="Buckeridge J. S. & Newman W. A. 1992. - A reexamination of Waikalasma (Cirripedia: Thoracica) and its significance in balanomorph phylogeny. Journal of Paleontology 66 (2): 341 - 345." title="A reexamination of Waikalasma (Cirripedia: Thoracica) and its significance in balanomorph phylogeny" type="journal article" year="1992">Buckeridge & Newman 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FF8CFDA179389D74" author="Glenner H. & Grygier M. J. & HOeg J. T. & Jensen P. G. & Schram F. R." box="[113,354,514,541]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="365 - 404" part="114" refId="ref6687" refString="Glenner H., Grygier M. J., HOeg J. T., Jensen P. G. & Schram F. R. 1995. - Cladistic analysis of the Cirripedia Thoracica. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114: 365 - 404." title="Cladistic analysis of the Cirripedia Thoracica" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Glenner
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FF20FDA079429D74" box="[221,280,514,541]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FE8CFDA07A729D74" author="Newman W. A." box="[369,552,514,541]" editor="Forest J." pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="453 - 540" refId="ref7185" refString="Newman W. A. 1996. - Sous-Classe des Cirripedes, Super-Ordres des Thoraciques et des Acrothoraciques: fascicule 2, 453 - 540, in Forest J. (ed.), Traite de Zoologie. Tome VII: Crustaces. Masson, Paris." title="Sous-Classe des Cirripedes, Super-Ordres des Thoraciques et des Acrothoraciques: fascicule 2" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Traite de Zoologie. Tome VII: Crustaces. Masson, Paris." year="1996">Newman 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When viewed from one side, this barnacle has the same arrangement of opercular, wall and imbricating plates as a brachylepadomorph. The opposite side was peculiar and if there had been but
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2ECD88FFBCD028FDE4FDDF78FB9DDF" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
available it easily could have been considered an imperfectly developed brachylepadomorph, due to crowding, predation damage or the like. But there were numerous specimens each with an “anomalous” right or left side. The basis for the anomaly was the tergum and scutum of that side being immovably integrated into the wall, as in verrucomorphs. Thus, a better “missing link” between the brachylepadomorphs and verrucomorphs could hardly have been imagined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B970601FFBCD028FD58FEC87B979C58" blockId="11.[677,1210,208,817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FD58FEC87B0F9EED" box="[677,853,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FD58FEC87B0B9EED" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[677,849,362,388]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Imbricaverruca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
while wholly a neoverrucid in organization, differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FC43FE2A7C699EC8" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[958,1075,392,417]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FC43FE2A7C699EC8" box="[958,1075,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in outwardly looking more like a verrucid than a brachylepadomorph (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13131A84FFBCD028FCB9FE647BD89E89" box="[836,898,454,480]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[114,125,799,816]" captionTargetBox="[262,1053,208,766]" captionTargetId="figure-307@2.[248,1067,202,776]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Imbricaverruca yamaguchii n. gen. and n. sp. (holotype, MNHN Ci2710); B, Verruca s.l., both viewed from above with the right scutum and tergum forming the operculum.Note that in the former the four plated wall appears to be covered largely by imbricating plates and the operculum includes a large median latus,characters that readily distinguish it from Neoverruca. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391397/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus the question arises as to whether it represents a grade between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FD58FDA07B449D72" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[677,798,514,539]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FD58FDA07B449D72" box="[677,798,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the proverrucids. The evidence from both juvenile and adult morphology suggests not. In short,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FC85FDE27C4C9D33" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[888,1046,576,602]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FC85FDE27C4C9D33" box="[888,1046,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has capitalized on the neoverrucid plan rather than making the reductions and acquiring proportions in the direction of those found in modern forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13131A84FFBCD028FD51FD197AB59DBC" box="[684,751,699,725]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,141,1469,1486]" captionTargetBox="[112,1165,215,1445]" captionTargetId="figure-22@7.[139,1170,219,1510]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. — Schematic plan views and transverse sections of grades of skeletal organization from the most primitive sessile barnacles (A, Brachylepadomorpha) through the asymmetrical sessile barnacles (B-H, Verrucomorpha). Of the eight verrucid genera currently recognized (Young 1998) only the four most representative ones (Altiverruca, Newmaniverruca, Metaverruca and Verruca s.s.) are depicted here. Right sides are to the viewers right and rostral ends are downward in plan views or coming out of the page in transverse sections. The transverse sections are slightly rostral of the rostro-carinal gap or suture. While there are numerous whorls of imbricating plates standing in tiers four plates high in brachylepadomorphs, and on the movable side of neoverrucids, only those of the R-C gap are labeled. Abbreviations: C, R, carina and rostrum; cl1-4, l1-4, rl1-4, carinolateral, lateral and rostrolateral tiers of imbricating plates respectively; cl, rl, the pair of imbricating plates in proverrucids; FS, FT, fixed scutum and tergum; hl, hinge line; L, median latus (completely lost in proverrucids and verrucids); m, myophore; MS, MT, movable scutum and tergum; sam, scutal adductor muscle; S, T, normal terga and scuta in brachylepadomorphs; dashed horizontal lines: membranous basis (transverse sections F-H after Young 1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13988759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13988759/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FC93FD187BB99DBA" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[878,995,698,723]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FC93FD187BB99DBA" box="[878,995,698,723]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FBE6FD197CE39DBC" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[1051,1209,699,725]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FBE6FD197CE39DBC" box="[1051,1209,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plans are markedly divergent, the former’s being better suited to the derivation of the proverrucid/verrucid plan (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6AA33BAFFBCD028FC96FCB57BE49C58" box="[875,958,791,817]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[113,124,903,920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. — Comparison of two juvenile and four adult characters in two neoverrucid and one verrucid genus." pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF575689FFBCD028FF8CFC257BA09CF1" box="[113,1018,903,920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" startId="11.[113,124,903,920]" targetBox="[113,1207,967,1153]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B970601FFBCD028FF8CFC257BA09CF1" blockId="11.[113,1018,903,920]" box="[113,1018,903,920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">TABLE 3. — Comparison of two juvenile and four adult characters in two neoverrucid and one verrucid genus.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B970601FFBCD028FE50FC657CFB9BE8" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<table id="F928F4A1FFBC2FDCFF8CFC657CED9BE8" box="[113,1207,967,1153]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<tr id="35180443FFBC2FDCFF8CFC657CED9CB2" box="[113,1207,967,987]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFE50FC657A839CB2" box="[429,729,967,987]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</th>
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFD11FC657BBC9CB2" box="[748,998,967,987]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</th>
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFBF6FC657CED9CB2" box="[1035,1207,967,987]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FBF6FC657C009CB2" bold="true" box="[1035,1114,967,987]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Verruca</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35180443FFBC2FDCFF8CFC577CED9B60" box="[113,1207,1013,1033]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFF8CFC5779C29B60" box="[113,408,1013,1033]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">1) Juvenile pedunculate stages</th>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFE50FC577A839B60" box="[429,729,1013,1033]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Several stages pedunculate</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFD11FC577BBC9B60" box="[748,998,1013,1033]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Likely several stages</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFBF6FC577CED9B60" box="[1035,1207,1013,1033]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Peduncle vestigial</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35180443FFBC2FDCFF8CFBAF7CED9B48" box="[113,1207,1037,1057]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFF8CFBAF79C29B48" box="[113,408,1037,1057]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">2) Juvenile carina</th>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFE50FBAF7A839B48" box="[429,729,1037,1057]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Higher than wide</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFD11FBAF7BBC9B48" box="[748,998,1037,1057]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Wider than high</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFBF6FBAF7CED9B48" box="[1035,1207,1037,1057]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Higher than wide</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35180443FFBC2FDCFF8CFB877CED9B50" box="[113,1207,1061,1081]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFF8CFB8779C29B50" box="[113,408,1061,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">3) Adult median latus</th>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFE50FB877A839B50" box="[429,729,1061,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Vestigial</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFD11FB877BBC9B50" box="[748,998,1061,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Well-developed</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFBF6FB877CED9B50" box="[1035,1207,1061,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Lost</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35180443FFBC2FDCFF8CFB9F7CED9B38" box="[113,1207,1085,1105]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFF8CFB9F79C29B38" box="[113,408,1085,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">4) Imbricating plates</th>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFE50FB9F7A839B38" box="[429,729,1085,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Reduced in number, deciduous</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFD11FB9F7BBC9B38" box="[748,998,1085,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Complete, well-developed</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFBF6FB9F7CED9B38" box="[1035,1207,1085,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Lost</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35180443FFBC2FDCFF8CFBF77CED9B00" box="[113,1207,1109,1129]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFF8CFBF779C29B00" box="[113,408,1109,1129]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">5) Fixed scutum & tergum</th>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFE50FBF77A839B00" box="[429,729,1109,1129]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Normal, higher than wide</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFD11FBF77BBC9B00" box="[748,998,1109,1129]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Reduced wider than high</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFBF6FBF77CED9B00" box="[1035,1207,1109,1129]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">As wide as high</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35180443FFBC2FDCFF8CFBCF7CED9BE8" box="[113,1207,1133,1153]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<th id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFF8CFBCF79C29BE8" box="[113,408,1133,1153]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">6) Rostrum & carina</th>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFE50FBCF7A839BE8" box="[429,729,1133,1153]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Normal, higher than wide*</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFD11FBCF7BBC9BE8" box="[748,998,1133,1153]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Reduced, wider high</td>
|
||
<td id="76C96D3FFFBC2FDCFBF6FBCF7CED9BE8" box="[1035,1207,1133,1153]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">As wide as high</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B970601FFBCD028FF8CFB3C7A6B9BC6" blockId="11.[113,561,1182,1199]" box="[113,561,1182,1199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<tableNote id="76CE078FFFBCD028FF8CFB3C7A6B9BC6" box="[113,561,1182,1199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" targetBox="[113,1207,967,1153]" targetPageId="11">*R-C gap less on movable side, as in all three genera.</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B970601FFBCD02FFF8CFAA179E69C7B" blockId="11.[113,647,1283,1709]" lastBlockId="12.[114,647,208,786]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
|
||
In
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6AA33BAFFBCD028FF6FFAA678BF9A77" box="[146,229,1284,1310]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="11.[113,124,903,920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. — Comparison of two juvenile and four adult characters in two neoverrucid and one verrucid genus." pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
, character 1 concerns the existence of fully pedunculate juveniles during the ontogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FF6DFAE3795C9A33" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[144,262,1345,1370]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FF6DFAE3795C9A33" box="[144,262,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
missing in the ontogeny of verrucids, possibly in proverrucids, and in balanomorphs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB97BF0FFBCD028FEFEFADD79EF9AF0" author="Newman W. A." box="[259,437,1407,1433]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" pagination="467 - 477" part="45" refId="ref7144" refString="Newman W. A. 1989. - Juvenile ontogeny and metamorphosis in the most primitive living sessile barnacle, Neoverruca, from an abyssal hydrothermal spring. Bulletin of Marine Science 45 (2): 467 - 477." title="Juvenile ontogeny and metamorphosis in the most primitive living sessile barnacle, Neoverruca, from an abyssal hydrothermal spring" type="journal article" year="1989">Newman 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Considering the retention of well-developed imbricating plates and the median latus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FE72FA1E7A6C9ABF" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[399,566,1468,1494]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FE72FA1E7A6C9ABF" box="[399,566,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it too likely has several pedunculate stages in its ontogeny. If so, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FEFAFA5B7926997B" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[263,380,1529,1554]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FEFAFA5B7926997B" box="[263,380,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is not becoming specialized like verrucids as far as elimination of its pedunculate stages is concerned. Furthermore, it will be noted (character 2), the carina is much wider than high in the presumed juvenile as well as the adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FEEBF93179EE99C4" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[278,436,1683,1709]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FEEBF93179EE99C4" box="[278,436,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and together with the reduced rostrum and fixed scutum and tergum, it forms a ring reinforcing the uppermost imbricating plates rather than forming a major part of the wall. A reduction in the extent of the primary wall in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FCAAFADD7BAF9AF0" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[855,1013,1407,1433]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FCAAFADD7BAF9AF0" box="[855,1013,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an autapomorphy leading away from rather than towards verrucids. Character 3 concerns the median latus, on the verge of being lost in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FC4EFA787C729A9A" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[947,1064,1498,1523]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FC4EFA787C729A9A" box="[947,1064,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but very well developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FCBBFA587BA9997D" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[838,1011,1530,1556]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FCBBFA587BA9997D" box="[838,1011,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is apparently completely lost in proverrucids, as in verrucids, so
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FD38F9947B669926" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[709,828,1590,1615]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FD38F9947B669926" box="[709,828,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBCD028FC36F9957C369938" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[971,1132,1591,1617]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBCD028FC36F9957C369938" box="[971,1132,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also closer to them in this regard. Character 4 involves the relative importance of the imbricating plates; their reduction and deciduous nature in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFF8FFF7278B09F80" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[114,234,208,233]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFF8FFF7278B09F80" box="[114,234,208,233]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in contrast to their further development and importance in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFE7EFF4D7A7B9E60" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[387,545,239,265]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFE7EFF4D7A7B9E60" box="[387,545,239,265]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Character 5 pertains to the relative proportions of the fixed terga and scuta (also note their degree of integration with the rostra and scuta in forming the wall under character 6. In being wider than high, and in their reduced contribution to the wall, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFEF5FE0579FC9EA8" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[264,422,423,449]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFEF5FE0579FC9EA8" box="[264,422,423,449]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ conspicuously from the relatively unmodified ones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFF8FFE4678BD9E94" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[114,231,484,509]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFF8FFE4678BD9E94" box="[114,231,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the squarely proportioned ones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFF8FFDA078989D72" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[114,194,514,539]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Verrucidae" genus="Verruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFF8FFDA078989D72" box="[114,194,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Verruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Character 6 pertains to the concomitant changes in the rostrum and carina seen in character 5; e.g. reduction in height and relative importance to the wall which distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFF8FFDDC794F9DF1" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[114,277,638,664]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFF8FFDDC794F9DF1" box="[114,277,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFEA3FDDF798D9DFF" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[350,471,637,662]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFEA3FDDF798D9DFF" box="[350,471,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFDEFFDDF7A3E9DFF" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[530,612,637,662]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Verrucidae" genus="Verruca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFDEFFDDF7A3E9DFF" box="[530,612,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Verruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It follows, despite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFED7FD3E79949DDF" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[298,462,668,694]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFED7FD3E79949DDF" box="[298,462,668,694]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
facies similarity with higher verrucomorphs, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFDFBFD187ADD9DBA" baseAuthorityName="Newman & Hessler" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[518,647,698,723]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Neoverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFDFBFD187ADD9DBA" box="[518,647,698,723]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Neoverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes much closer to their ancestral organization plan than does
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C287D82FFBBD02FFEEAFD5A79EF9C7B" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="2000" box="[279,437,760,786]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Neoverrucidae" genus="Imbricaverruca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sessilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CDA13FFBBD02FFEEAFD5A79EF9C7B" box="[279,437,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Imbricaverruca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |