370 lines
56 KiB
XML
370 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E91C64191E2AEB58DE677074792A518B">Small crickets of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Trigonidiidae and Mogoplistidae), with the description of two new genera and species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="985C7D0D60C3A80C5947A6CE76BBA67C">Hegg, Danilo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="92E997140EC5A37EE73AE719219FC601">Wētā Conservation Charitable Trust, 135 Blacks Road, Ōpoho, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D79FEE57DE6042363704E2E3F43B3A1A" type="email">danilo@wetaconservation.org.nz</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C647B20C57C45D4605606AF508AF142C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="85F13E39EF6B0C4D4001275D895368C5">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="C48BD076403C6FB3A42A9FF0A3DA177D" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2024.955.2655</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A47546FFF17C6067A81CDEFCC7D080" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A47546FFF17C6067A81CDEFCC7D080" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A47546FFF17C6067A81CDEFCC7D080" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFF17C6267A81CDEFBF6D183" box="[189,1091,938,967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF17C6267A81CDEFBF6D183" blockId="16.[189,1091,938,967]" box="[189,1091,938,967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6267A81CDEFBF6D183" bold="true" box="[189,1091,938,967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Identification of species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6265BD1CDEFBF6D183" ID-CoL="8NYDH" authority="Jacobson, 1904" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[680,1091,938,967]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Pteronemobius
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6264621CDEFBF6D183" author="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L." box="[887,1091,938,967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref40028" refString="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L. 1904. Priamokrylyia i lozhnostchatokrylyia rossiiskoi Imperii. Izdanie A. F. Devriena, St. Petersburg [Leningrad], Russia. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1904">Jacobson, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31797DBFFF17C6067A81CABFCC7D080" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF17C6267A81CABFA9DD604" blockId="16.[189,1398,991,1088]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Out of 368 crickets examined, 99 fit the diagnosis for the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6264CC1CABFB3FD1BD" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[985,1162,991,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6264CC1CABFB3FD1BD" box="[985,1162,991,1017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6263881CABFF4ED658" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6266131B77FE60D658" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." box="[262,469,1026,1053]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. & Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz & Su 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). The genus is easily recognizable because of the presence of a short, thickened, conical sub-apical spur (tsai4) on the dorsal inner edge of tibia III in males (
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<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C62632D1B51FB2FD604" box="[1080,1178,1061,1088]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[233,1365,280,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-11@5.[223,1365,265,1815]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Nomenclature and abbreviations in cricket body parts. A. Hind leg, inner view of tibia and tarsus in Trigonidiidae. Labelling of spurs after Desutter-Grandcolas et al. (2016: fig. 8d). ‘i’ is for ‘inner’ in all abbreviations and is replaced by ‘o’ for outer in the opposite view, not shown. B. Dorsal view of right forewing in ground cricket (subfamily Nemobiinae). Labelling of wing veins after Josse et al. (2023). C. Dorsal view of head. D. Lateral view of ovipositor. E. Tympanum on right Tibia I (rear facing)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742410" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742410/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C6263B31B52FB6FD604" box="[1190,1242,1062,1088]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,266,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-11@49.[189,1398,266,1778]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 23. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877). A–B. Lateral and frontal view of head, adult ♀. Herangi Range (MPN OR0219). C. Glandular sub-apical spur (tsai4) on dorsal inner edge of tibia III in adult ♂. Cambridge, Waikato (MPN OR0214). D. Left hindwing in female, dorsal view. Cambridge, Waikato (MPN OR0346). E. Egg. Coromandel (MPN OR0397). F–G. Apex of ovipositor. Herangi Range (MPN OR0219). F. Dorsal view. G. Lateral view. H. Ovipositor, lateral view. Cambridge, Waikato (MPN OR0204). Scale bars = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742462/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">23C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C6263F31B51FAAED604" box="[1254,1307,1061,1088]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[206,1381,615,1800]" captionTargetId="figure-139@52.[206,1381,595,1810]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 25. Pteronemobius cf.arima Otte &Alexander, 1983. A–B. Lateral and frontal view of head, adult♀. A. Spirits Bay, Northland (MPN OR0248). B. Kerikeri, Northland (MPN OR0223). C. Glandular subapical spur (tsai4) on dorsal inner edge of tibia III in adult ♂. Kerikeri (MPN OR0234). D. Egg. Maitai Bay, Northland (MPN OR0366). E–F. Apex of ovipositor. Spirits Bay (MPN OR0248). E. Dorsal view. F. Lateral view. G. Ovipositor, lateral view. Kerikeri (MPN OR0225). Scale bars = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742466/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">25C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF17C6267A81B13FAA3D711" blockId="16.[189,1400,1127,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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Out of 99 crickets in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C62652D1B13FD52D6C5" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[568,743,1127,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C62652D1B13FD52D6C5" box="[568,743,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 49 fit the description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C62630D1B1CFB10D6C5" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1048,1189,1128,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C62630D1B1CFB10D6C5" box="[1048,1189,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6263A41B1CFAB4D6C5" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1201,1281,1128,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarrios">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6263A41B1CFAB4D6C5" box="[1201,1281,1128,1153]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">tarrios</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on morphology, as previously identified by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6265BB1BFFFC3FD6E0" author="Messenger G." box="[686,906,1162,1189]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="22 - 23" refId="ref40829" refString="Messenger G. 1991. Entomological notes from the far north. Weta 14: 22 - 23." type="journal article" year="1991">Messenger (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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. It should be noted that the two species
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6267A81BDAFEF9D683" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[189,332,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6267A81BDAFEF9D683" box="[189,332,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C62669F1BDAFE4CD683" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[394,505,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarrios">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C62669F1BDAFE4CD683" box="[394,505,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. tarrios</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can only be separated from one another based on their song, not by their morphology (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6266481BA5FDCFD6AF" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[349,634,1232,1259]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). Even their songs are deceptively similar, and are distinguished mainly by the pulse rate, which is faster in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6265A01B80FCF5D749" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[693,832,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6265A01B80FCF5D749" box="[693,832,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(40 to 65 Hz), slower in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6263731B80FB66D749" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1126,1235,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarrios">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6263731B80FB66D749" box="[1126,1235,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. tarrios</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(30 to 40 Hz) in temperature ranges typical for
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<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF17C6265521A63FD06D775" box="[583,691,1303,1329]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6265D61A63FC6ED775" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[707,987,1303,1329]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C6264E01A63FB8BD776" box="[1013,1086,1303,1330]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,902,928]" captionTargetBox="[284,1276,300,848]" captionTargetId="figure-11@17.[256,1331,265,861]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Comparing the song of Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877) and of P. tarrios Otte & Alexander, 1983. Data from Otte & Alexander (1983) and from this study. A. Pulse rate as a function of air temperature. B. Peak frequency as a function of air temperature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742418/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Based on analysis of the song, the
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<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF17C62663A1A4FFE79D710" box="[303,460,1338,1365]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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specimens are assigned to the species
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<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6264841A4FFBA8D710" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[913,1053,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
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<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6264841A4FFBA8D710" box="[913,1053,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. truncatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="C68FF1EBFFF17C62634F1A4EFB07D711" box="[1114,1202,1338,1365]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="16.[191,254,265,289]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Table 5. Parameters of Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877) song at different localities and temperatures." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7294D8FFF17C6267AA1E7DFAEAD364" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF7294D8FFF17C6267AA1E7DFAEAD364">Table 5</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C6263AA1A4EFAB3D711" box="[1215,1286,1338,1365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,902,928]" captionTargetBox="[284,1276,300,848]" captionTargetId="figure-11@17.[256,1331,265,861]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Comparing the song of Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877) and of P. tarrios Otte & Alexander, 1983. Data from Otte & Alexander (1983) and from this study. A. Pulse rate as a function of air temperature. B. Peak frequency as a function of air temperature." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742418/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF17C6067A81A0FFB97D397" blockId="16.[189,1399,1403,1993]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1399,265,467]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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The remaining
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<specimenCount id="9D0B0FD9FFF17C6266671A0FFDA7D7D1" box="[370,530,1403,1430]" count="50" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
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of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6265281A0FFD5BD7D1" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[573,750,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6265281A0FFD5BD7D1" box="[573,750,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fit the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6264FB1A08FAC2D7D2" authority="Otte & Alexander, 1983" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1006,1399,1403,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6264FB1A08FBE7D7D1" box="[1006,1106,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C62634E1A08FAC2D7D2" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[1115,1399,1403,1430]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C6266C61AEBFD97D7FD" box="[467,546,1439,1465]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[283,1279,1118,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-61@17.[255,1332,1082,1744]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Morphometric measurements for the New Zealand species of Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. This figure replicates Otte & Alexander (1983: fig. 129). Measurements for the Australian specimens of P. truncatus (Saussure, 1877) and of P. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983 were extracted from Otte & Alexander (1983). Measurements for the New Zealand specimens of P. truncatus and of P. cf. arima are from the materials examined in this study. A. Relationship between pronotum length and hind femur length in males of Pteronemobius (Otte & Alexander 1983: fig. 129a–b). B. Relationship between ovipositor length and hind femur length in females of Pteronemobius (Otte & Alexander 1983: fig. 129c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742420/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C6265251AEBFDF5D7FD" box="[560,576,1439,1465]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[208,1366,1061,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-307@20.[189,1398,1048,1811]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Dorsal view of the right forewing in the New Zealand species of Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. A–B. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877). A. Drawing from Otte & Alexander (1983: fig. 132b). B. Kohuroanaki Loop Track, Te Paki (MPN OR0197). C. Pteronemobius arima Otte & Alexander, 1983. Drawing from Otte & Alexander (1983: fig. 132m). D. Pteronemobius cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983. Maitai Bay, Karikari Peninsula, Northland (MPN OR0246). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742426/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species had never been detected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF17C6263561AEBFB56D7FD" box="[1091,1251,1439,1465]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
before. The original species description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6265211AB6FCD4D798" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[564,865,1474,1500]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not include a drawing of the genitalia, or a spectrogram of the song.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6265331A92FCBFD7BB" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." box="[550,778,1509,1536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. & Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz & Su (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6264991A92FC44D7BB" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[908,1009,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6264991A92FC44D7BB" box="[908,1009,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a closely related taxon they treated as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C626655197CFDACD467" box="[320,537,1544,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C626655197CFE44D466" box="[320,497,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C62654C197DFD2AD466" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[601,671,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C62654C197DFD2AD466" box="[601,671,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and presented a spectrogram of the song for both. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF17C6267CE1958FE08D402" author="Rentz D. & Su Y. N." box="[219,445,1580,1606]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref41252" refString="Rentz D. & Su Y. N. 2019. A Guide to the Crickets of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, VIC, Australia. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486305070" type="book" year="2019">Rentz & Su (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6266DF1958FD9BD401" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[458,558,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6266DF1958FD9BD401" box="[458,558,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sings at a frequency of 7 kHz and produces short chirps (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE39A297FFF17C6263C31958FABBD402" box="[1238,1294,1580,1606]" degrees="0.1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5555" value="-0.1">0.1 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE39A297FFF17C6262201958FAD9D402" box="[1333,1388,1580,1606]" degrees="0.2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5555" value="-0.2">0.2 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) separated by intervals of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE39A297FFF17C6266F3193AFDABD42D" box="[486,542,1614,1641]" degrees="0.5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5555" value="-0.5">0.5 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
or longer, whereas “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C626401193BFC5BD42D" box="[788,1006,1615,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C626401193BFC70D42D" box="[788,965,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C626324193BFBC2D42C" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1073,1143,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C626324193BFBC2D42C" box="[1073,1143,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” sings at a frequency of 5.5 kHz and produces longer chirps (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE39A297FFF17C62658E1906FD63D4C8" box="[667,726,1650,1677]" degrees="0.5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5555" value="-0.5">0.5 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) separated by shorter intervals (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE39A297FFF17C62634C1906FB11D4C8" box="[1113,1188,1650,1677]" degrees="0.15" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="555" value="-0.15">0.15 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). No temperature data are given for either of the above recordings. My recordings (T = 18°C) show chirps with duration and interval in between the two above taxa, and a frequency that matches that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C62638E19CDFAB4D496" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1179,1281,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C62638E19CDFAB4D496" box="[1179,1281,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68FF1EBFFF17C62620619CCFAC4D496" box="[1299,1393,1720,1746]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="46.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetId="graphics-68@46.[189,1398,593,1900]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Table 6 (continued on next page). Adult male and female measurements in the New Zealand species of Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. All abbreviations used here are explained in the Material and methods section. All counts and measurements are median values, followed by minimum and maximum values in brackets. N indicates the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7294D8FFCF7C5C67A81E7DFD24D3C8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="DF7294D8FFCF7C5C67A81E7DFD24D3C8">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF17C6267A819AFFEA1D4B1" box="[189,276,1755,1781]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[197,1398,550,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-78@53.[189,1398,549,1882]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 26. Pteronemobius cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983 song, recorded in the field at 18°C. Maitai Bay, Karikari Peninsula. A. Spectrogram of a sequence of six chirps. B. Oscillogram of a sequence of six chirps. C. Oscillogram of one chirp consisting of eleven pulses. D. Power spectrum of one chirp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742468/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
). To complicate things further,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D0B0FD9FFF17C62659719A8FD45D4B1" box="[642,752,1755,1782]" count="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
male specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C6264CC19A8FB8ED4B1" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[985,1083,1756,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C6264CC19A8FB8ED4B1" box="[985,1083,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
I collected at Oxley Creek Commons in Brisbane, Queensland, in
|
||
<date id="FFB3E290FFF17C62658C198BFCEFD55D" box="[665,858,1791,1817]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2023-11">November 2023</date>
|
||
are identical to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF17C626344198BFB44D55D" box="[1105,1265,1791,1817]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens in their measurements, but different in four morphological traits. The two Australian specimens are (1) darker in colour, almost entirely black; (2) have shiny forewings, not textured or wrinkled; (3) have a different wing geometry, with PCSD / PCLD values of 0.586 and 0.610, compared to a range between 0.665 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF569B5FFF17C6266BD18FFFDBFD5E1" box="[424,522,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02184" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="0.796">0.796 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF17C62650118F8FD06D5E1" box="[532,691,1931,1958]" name="New Zealand" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens; and (4) have a stridulatory file that stops short of the harp vein. While Brisbane falls within the geographic distribution range for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF17C62638A18DBFAB1D58C" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1183,1284,1967,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF17C62638A18DBFAB1D58C" box="[1183,1284,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6067F01E7DFDA3D367" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[229,534,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is a long way away from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B67AF2FFF37C6064B21E7DFC6FD367" box="[935,986,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the Northern Territory. Based on the information available, I suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6064191E58FA9ED302" authority="Otte & Alexander, 1983" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[780,1323,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6064191E58FBBFD302" box="[780,1034,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pteronemobius arima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C6063041E58FA9ED302" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[1041,1323,300,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be a species complex rather than a single species. I am not comfortable assigning the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF37C6063C31E24FAC3D32D" box="[1238,1398,335,362]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066771E07FE72D3C8" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[354,455,371,396]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066771E07FE72D3C8" box="[354,455,371,396]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without the examination of additional reference material from the species
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B67AF2FFF37C6062511E07FAC2D3C9" box="[1348,1399,371,397]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. I therefore refer to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF37C6065321EE2FD76D3F4" box="[551,707,406,432]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
taxon as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6064241EE2FAC4D3F4" authority="Otte & Alexander, 1983" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[817,1393,406,432]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6064241EE2FC57D3F4" box="[817,994,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063191EE3FBE7D3F4" box="[1036,1106,407,432]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C60634C1EE2FAC4D3F4" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[1113,1393,406,432]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where the abbreviation ‘cf.’ is used as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF37C60640A1ECDFBABD397" author="Sigovini M. & Keppel E. & Tagliapietra D." box="[799,1054,441,467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1217 - 1225" refId="ref41337" refString="Sigovini M., Keppel E. & Tagliapietra D. 2016. Open nomenclature in the biodiversity era. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 7 (10): 1217 - 1225. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 2041 - 210 X. 12594" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Sigovini
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60649F1ECEFC70D397" box="[906,965,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7294D8FFF07C6367A81CF2FC60D1A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13742418" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742418/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,902,928]" targetBox="[284,1276,300,848]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF07C6367A81CF2FC60D1A3" blockId="17.[189,1399,902,999]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6367A81CF2FEBAD1E4" bold="true" box="[189,271,902,928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparing the song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C6365541CF2FBF5D1E4" authority="(Saussure, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[577,1088,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6365541CF2FCD9D1E4" box="[577,876,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pteronemobius truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C63646A1CF2FB8DD1E4" author="de Saussure H." box="[895,1080,902,928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="169 - 504" refId="ref41290" refString="de Saussure H. 1877. Melanges orthopterologiques V. Fascicule Gryllides. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 25 (1): 169 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8541" type="journal article" year="1877">Saussure, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C6363B01CF3FE37D187" authority="Otte & Alexander, 1983" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarrios">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6363B01CF3FAA3D1E4" box="[1189,1302,903,928]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tarrios</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C6362371CF2FE37D187" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C63651E1CDDFC85D187" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[523,816,937,963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and from this study.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6363301CDDFB8FD187" bold="true" box="[1061,1082,937,963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Pulse rate as a function of air temperature.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C63666B1CB8FE27D1A2" bold="true" box="[382,402,972,998]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Peak frequency as a function of air temperature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7294D8FFF07C6367A8198FFAC2D5AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13742420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742420/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,1787,1813]" targetBox="[283,1279,1118,1730]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF07C6367A8198FFAC2D5AC" blockId="17.[189,1400,1787,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6367A8198FFEB8D551" bold="true" box="[189,269,1787,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric measurements for the New Zealand species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C6364EB198FFAC7D551" authority="Jacobson, 1904" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[1022,1394,1787,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6364EB198FFB1AD551" box="[1022,1199,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C6363AD198FFAC7D551" author="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L." box="[1208,1394,1787,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref40028" refString="Jacobson G. G. & Bianchi V. L. 1904. Priamokrylyia i lozhnostchatokrylyia rossiiskoi Imperii. Izdanie A. F. Devriena, St. Petersburg [Leningrad], Russia. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1904">Jacobson, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This figure replicates
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C6366D7186AFD5CD57C" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[450,745,1822,1848]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 129). Measurements for the Australian specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C6367CB1836FD8ED518" authority="(Saussure, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[222,571,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6367CB1836FED9D51F" box="[222,364,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C6366681836FD86D518" author="de Saussure H." box="[381,563,1858,1884]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="169 - 504" refId="ref41290" refString="de Saussure H. 1877. Melanges orthopterologiques V. Fascicule Gryllides. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire naturelle de Geneve 25 (1): 169 - 504. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8541" type="journal article" year="1877">Saussure, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C63658C1836FB91D518" authority="Otte & Alexander, 1983" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[665,1060,1857,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C63658C1836FD48D51F" box="[665,765,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. arima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C6364131836FB91D518" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[774,1060,1857,1884]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were extracted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C6362311836FE27D53B" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Measurements for the New Zealand specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C6364EF1812FB3DD53B" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1018,1160,1894,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6364EF1812FB3DD53B" box="[1018,1160,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C6363FD1812FACDD53B" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1256,1400,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6363FD1812FB4DD53B" box="[1256,1272,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6362271812FACDD53B" box="[1330,1400,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from the materials examined in this study.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6365C018FCFD5FD5E6" bold="true" box="[725,746,1928,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Relationship between pronotum length and hind femur length in males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C6366BE18DFFDE9D581" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[427,604,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C6366BE18DFFDE9D581" box="[427,604,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C63656518DFFC22D581" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[624,919,1963,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 129a–b).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C63635818DFFBD4D581" bold="true" box="[1101,1121,1963,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Relationship between ovipositor length and hind femur length in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF07C63643018BAFC63D5AC" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[805,982,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF07C63643018BAFC63D5AC" box="[805,982,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9CB9A1FFF07C6364F118BAFB42D5AC" author="Otte D. & Alexander R. D." box="[996,1271,1998,2024]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref41031" refString="Otte D. & Alexander R. D. 1983. The Australian Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Monograph 22, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, PA." type="journal volume" year="1983">Otte & Alexander 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 129c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB2C450FFF37C6067A81E8EFCC7D080" blockId="18.[188,1399,506,709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The two
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A84C0FFF37C6066331E8FFE76D050" box="[294,451,506,533]" name="New Zealand" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60655D1E8EFD4CD050" authorityName="Jacobson" authorityYear="1904" box="[584,761,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60655D1E8EFD4CD050" box="[584,761,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pteronemobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are easily separated by size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6063451E8FFB68D050" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1104,1245,507,532]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063451E8FFB68D050" box="[1104,1245,507,532]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being nearly double the size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066851D6AFDA2D073" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[400,535,542,568]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066851D6AFE1CD073" box="[400,425,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066C41D6AFDA2D073" box="[465,535,542,567]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all dimensions (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68FF1EBFFF37C6065E61D6AFCF8D073" box="[755,845,541,568]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="46.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetId="graphics-68@46.[189,1398,593,1900]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Table 6 (continued on next page). Adult male and female measurements in the New Zealand species of Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. All abbreviations used here are explained in the Material and methods section. All counts and measurements are median values, followed by minimum and maximum values in brackets. N indicates the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7294D8FFCF7C5C67A81E7DFD24D3C8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DF7294D8FFCF7C5C67A81E7DFD24D3C8">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF37C60644C1D6AFC2AD07C" box="[857,927,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[250,1308,305,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-11@19.[219,1369,265,1707]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Morphometric measurements for the New Zealand species of Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. In all graphs, orange shapes indicate P. cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983; yellow shapes indicate P. truncatus (Saussure, 1877). Both sexes are included unless stated otherwise. A. Boxplot of the ratio of the short and long diagonals in the right male forewing’s posterior cell of the harp (see Fig. 1B). The whiskers include the minimum and maximum values. B. Stridulatory file in male cricket’s right forewing. C. Dimensions of male cricket’s right forewing (Fig. 1B). D. Body length vs ovipositor length (Fig. 1D). E. Major vs minor axis of tympanum (Fig. 1E). For each cricket, the measurements of both left and right tympana are included. F. Length of middle vs dorsal inner apical spurs on tibia III (Fig. 1A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742424" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742424/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The wing structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF37C60638A1D6AFB51D07C" box="[1183,1252,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[208,1366,1061,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-307@20.[189,1398,1048,1811]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Dorsal view of the right forewing in the New Zealand species of Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904. A–B. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877). A. Drawing from Otte & Alexander (1983: fig. 132b). B. Kohuroanaki Loop Track, Te Paki (MPN OR0197). C. Pteronemobius arima Otte & Alexander, 1983. Drawing from Otte & Alexander (1983: fig. 132m). D. Pteronemobius cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983. Maitai Bay, Karikari Peninsula, Northland (MPN OR0246). Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742426/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) and texture are also different; the forewings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C60657F1D36FD4DD01F" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[618,760,578,603]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60657F1D36FD4DD01F" box="[618,760,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are shiny and reflect light like a mirror, whereas the forewings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6066431D11FE6BD03A" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[342,478,612,638]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6066431D11FEC5D03A" box="[342,368,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C60668D1D11FE6BD03A" box="[408,478,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are wrinkled and textured and matt in their look. The songs differ mainly in the length of the chirp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF37C6066B11DF3FDB4D0E5" box="[420,513,647,673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[197,1398,461,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-60@50.[189,1398,458,1880]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 24. Pteronemobius truncatus (Saussure, 1877) song, recorded in the field at 24°C. Mangonui, Northland. A. Spectrogram of a sequence of five thrills. B. Oscillogram of a sequence of five thrills. C. Oscillogram of one thrill consisting of 48 pulses. D. Power spectrum of one thrill." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742464/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 24</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1336D8D5FFF37C6065181DF3FD99D0E5" box="[525,556,647,673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="53.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[197,1398,550,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-78@53.[189,1398,549,1882]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="Fig. 26. Pteronemobius cf. arima Otte & Alexander, 1983 song, recorded in the field at 18°C. Maitai Bay, Karikari Peninsula. A. Spectrogram of a sequence of six chirps. B. Oscillogram of a sequence of six chirps. C. Oscillogram of one chirp consisting of eleven pulses. D. Power spectrum of one chirp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13742468/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">26</figureCitation>
|
||
) and in the sound volume, the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0DBFD3FFF37C6064FF1DFCFBC7D0E5" authorityName="Otte & Alexander" authorityYear="1983" box="[1002,1138,647,673]" class="Insecta" family="Trigonidiidae" genus="Pteronemobius" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6064FF1DFCFBB6D0E5" box="[1002,1027,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9791842FFF37C6063391DFCFBC7D0E5" box="[1068,1138,648,673]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">arima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being a mere whisper that is easily overheard and very hard to record in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |