527 lines
51 KiB
XML
527 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02595a40-6c7d-4a04-b25b-b2ab87aabd17" ID-PMC="PMC3174442" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" ID-PubMed="22171179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576078" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-5" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" checkinTime="1555332289038" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Wood, Kenneth R. & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2011" docId="D37E08AC8C8C15BA1E558AAEC7235AC9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 5-51" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602" docTitle="Blechnum pacificum Lorence & Wagner & Wood & Smith 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" masterDocTitle="New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1668141299027" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Wood, Kenneth R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>5</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>51</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-5</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576078</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201681" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D37E08AC8C8C15BA1E558AAEC7235AC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D37E08AC8C8C15BA1E558AAEC7235AC9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="6">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="D37E08AC-8C8C-15BA-1E55-8AAEC7235AC9" authority="Lorence & A. R. Sm." authorityName="Lorence & Wagner & Wood & Smith" authorityYear="2011" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Blechnum pacificum" order="Filicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="6" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum" status="sp. nov.">Blechnum pacificum Lorence & A. R. Sm.</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Blechnum pacificum Lorence & A. R. Sm. A sterile frond, blade B sterile frond, stipe C sterile frond, pinna base. Drawn from the type collection (Dunn and Lorence 481)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9897" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Blechnum pacificum Lorence & A. R. Sm. A fertile frond, blade B, fertile frond, pinna base showing expanded sterile portion C scale from base of stipe D part of scale from base of stipe, detail of cells. Drawn from the type collection (Dunn & Lorence 481)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9898" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. A Blechnum pacificum, habit, habit, fertile and sterile fronds (Fatu Hiva, Lorence 6171) B-D Dryopteris macropholis B frond (Ua Huka, Wood 10489, type) C habit, D rhizome and stipe bases (C, D Hiva Oa, Wood 10045) E Polystichum kenwoodii, rhizome and stipe bases (Hiva Oa, Wood 10232) F Polystichum uahukaense, habit (Ua Huka, Wood 10552)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9911" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">14A</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="6" type="latin">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Latin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Species Blechno venoso Copel. affinis, sed stipitis squamis non tan numerosis, deciduis, leviter castaneis usque ad castaneis, sterilibus pinnis cum axialibus glabris et paulatim prominentibus venis, fertilibus pinnis cum viridi expansa textura prope basin differt.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="6" type="type">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Type.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
Ua Pou: Poumaka Summit Trail, 690 m elevation,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-9.3925">9°23'33"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-140.08305">140°04'59"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 19 June 2004, L. M. Dunn and D. H. Lorence 481 (Holotype: PTBG-041866!, PTBG-041867! [2 sheets]; Isotypes BISH!, P!, PAP!, US!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="1" pageNumber="6" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Blechnum capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu E. D. Br. & F. B. Br., non Burm. f., non (L.) Schltdl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">Large terrestrial ferns</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="6">rhizomes</emphasis>
|
||
erect or suberect, rarely decumbent and dorsiventral, short, stout, (10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)15–">-)15-</normalizedToken>
|
||
20 mm in diameter (excluding scales), apex covered with scales; scales of rhizome and bases of stipes linear-subulate to oblong-ovate, 20-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×1–3(–">x1-3(-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5) mm, thin, light brown to brown, concolorous but somewhat
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="7" start="start">thicker</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and darker basally and in center, basifixed, base rounded or truncate, apex sinuate, margins entire or subentire, cells linear, arranged in vertical rows.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Fronds</emphasis>
|
||
clustered near apices of rhizomes, usually dimorphic but both fertile and sterile pinnae occasionally occurring on the same blade; stipes 41-102 cm long, 4-10 mm in diameter, stout, light to dark brown when fresh, drying stramineous, densely scaly toward the bases, sparsely so distally, eventually glabrescent, smooth, grooved adaxially.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Sterile blades</emphasis>
|
||
1-pinnate, oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic, (35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)50–">-)50-</normalizedToken>
|
||
100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)30–">-)30-</normalizedToken>
|
||
60 cm, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, stiff, rachises stramineous or sometimes dark brown, proximal pinnae only slightly or not at all reduced, apices acute, each blade with a conform terminal pinna, when young the rachises, costae, costules, and veins scaly with thin, scurfy, brown to pale brown, oblong-ovate to subulate, contorted-sinuate scales to 10 mm long with margins subentire or sometimes lacerate basally; pinnae 19-30 on a side, with a slightly swollen, mammiform aerophore at the base each pinna, basal pinnae opposite and shortly stipitate (to 2 mm), the distal ones becoming subopposite to alternate, sessile with basiscopic base often adnate to rachis, terminal pinna free, conform, medial pinnae 11-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-2.5 cm, linear, margins serrulate, often decidedly undulate, apices acute or acuminate, serrulate, acroscopic bases oblique-cuneate, basiscopic base truncate or rounded, the veins prominulous, simple or 1-forked, free, each ending in a marginal tooth;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">fertile fronds</emphasis>
|
||
subequal to or slightly smaller than sterile, with up to 40 pinnae pairs (sometimes the proximal pinnae sterile and distal pinnae fertile on the same frond), fertile pinnae approximately the same length as sterile pinnae but narrower, 2.5-5 mm wide, the margins strongly revolute, the sori covering most of the abaxial surface but usually with some expanded green tissue at the base, adaxially glabrate.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Sori</emphasis>
|
||
linear, abaxial surface of pinnae bordered or partly covered by the reflexed, scarious, erose blade margins except on expanded green bases.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Spores</emphasis>
|
||
subellipsoidal, 67
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
47
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
including a perispore 8-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9897" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lorence & A. R. Sm.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
sterile frond, blade
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
sterile frond, stipe
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
sterile frond, pinna base. Drawn from the type collection (Dunn and Lorence 481).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9898" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lorence & A. R. Sm.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
fertile frond, blade
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
, fertile frond, pinna base showing expanded sterile portion
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
scale from base of stipe
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">D</emphasis>
|
||
part of scale from base of stipe, detail of cells. Drawn from the type collection (Dunn & Lorence 481).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Known from the Marquesas Islands (Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, and Fatu Hiva), Society Islands (Moorea, Raiatea, and Tahiti), and Austral Islands (Rapa Iti).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
|
||
This new terrestrial species occurs in clearings or shade from 380 to 1500 m elevation in lowland to montane mesic and wet forests, shrubland or fernland, in valleys, on slopes or ridge crests and rocky banks. In the Marquesas associated species include
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. R. Forster & G. Forster" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Crossostylis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Crossostylis biflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Filicopsida" family="Gleicheniaceae" genus="Dicranopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gleicheniales" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Pteridophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Dicranopteris linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Burm. f.) Underw.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">, Freycinetia impavida</emphasis>
|
||
(Gaudich. ex Hombr.) B. C. Stone
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">, Metrosideros collina</emphasis>
|
||
(J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) A. Gray
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">, Pandanus tectorius</emphasis>
|
||
Parkinson
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">, Santalum insulare</emphasis>
|
||
Bertero ex A. DC., and other native tree, shrub, and pteridophyte species. Threats include competition from alien plant species and damage from feral ungulates. Although this is the most widely distributed of the new species, it is clearly at risk due to habitat loss and degradation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">The epithet refers to the Pacific distribution of this new species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">
|
||
IUCN Red List Category:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Vulnerable</emphasis>
|
||
(VU): B1: total area of occupancy less than 20,000 km2 (ca. 750 km2); b (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
|
||
), habitat continuing decline inferred; B2: total area of occupancy less than 2000 km2 (ca. 750 km2); B2b (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
|
||
), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="7">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="8" start="start">most</pageBreakToken>
|
||
islands of occurrence is indicated as a declining or endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation, fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Austral Islands: Rapa Iti.</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perau–Mamuere">Perau-Mamuere</normalizedToken>
|
||
summit, eastern peaks,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55555" value="-27.0">27°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="144" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55555" value="-144.0">144°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10-100 ft (3-30 m), Wood & Faraire 9777 (NY, PTBG [4 sheets]), Fosberg 11567 (UC), Fosberg 11601 (UC), Fosberg 11605 (UC); St. John & Fosberg 15293 (UC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Society Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Moorea:</emphasis>
|
||
Mt. Rotui,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="149" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-149.83833">149°50'18W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-17.510555">17°30'38S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 916 m, Nitta & Vinette 212 (PAP, UC); Mt. Tohiea, 149.819°, 17.553°, 994 m, Nitta & Vinette 320 (PAP, UC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Tahiti.</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pirae–Maoua">Pirae-Maoua</normalizedToken>
|
||
Aorai trail, Quayle 105A (BISH, UC); Orofena, east side of south ridge, ravine in rain forest, St. John & Fosberg 17114 (BISH); Mt. Marau road, crest between Tapaerui and Punaruu valley, 1250 m, Fosberg 62647 (PTBG [2 sheets], US); Orofena, south ridge, moist thicket on exposed ridge, 1600 m, St. John & Fosberg 17082 (UC); Mahina, Ahonu-tuauru, 2875 ft (876 m), Grant 4394 (UC); Aorai, in summit shrubs, 6700 ft (2042 m), M. L. Grant 3791 (UC); Faaa, Mt. Marau, 3 km below TV tower, 1300 m, Hodel 1375 (UC); Fautaua, below Diadem, 2830 ft (863 m), Grant 3546 (UC).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Raiatea:</emphasis>
|
||
Temehani Plain, Moore 175 (BISH [2 sheets]).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Nuku Hiva:</emphasis>
|
||
Toovii, 1000 m, Brown & Brown 528 (BISH); Toovii Plateau, spur of Mt. Ooumu, 790 m,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gagné">Gagne</normalizedToken>
|
||
1039 (US); Tauamaka, Toovii plateau, 1000 m, Mumford & Adamson 576 (BISH, UC); without precise locality, 1000 m, Quayle 1284 (BISH), Quayle 1298 (BISH).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Ua Pou:</emphasis>
|
||
Mt. Tekahoipu, 800 m, Quayle 1138 (BISH [2]); Tekohepo, summit, 2500-3000 ft (762-914 ft),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-9.40861">09°24'31"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-140.0725">140°04'21"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Wood & Perlman 6455 (PTBG [2 sheets], US); Drainage northwest of Teavahaakiti, 700 m, Wood 10458 (P, PAP, PTBG, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Hiva Oa:</emphasis>
|
||
road from Atuona to Puamau, just below Ootua, 625-700 m, Sachet & Decker 1904 (PTBG, US); Puamau, along
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puamau–Atuona">Puamau-Atuona</normalizedToken>
|
||
trail, 500-650 m, Decker 1190 (PTBG, US); Feani, 800 m, Brown 877 (BISH [3]);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atuona–Feani">Atuona-Feani</normalizedToken>
|
||
Trail, ridge crest, 1200-1300 m, 24-26 Sep. 1963, Sachet & Decker 1160 (US [2]); Montagnes NW du Temetiu, entre la haute
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Hanamenu et la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="crête">crete</normalizedToken>
|
||
de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Temetiu–Feani">Temetiu-Feani</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 850 m,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
|
||
5932 (US); Vaiata, NW slopes of Mt. Ootua, 800 m, Mumford & Adamson 355 (BISH); Feani ridge to upper slopes of dry side of island, 1150 m, Oliver &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
|
||
3130 (US [2]); Temetiu, 1100 m, Pacific Entomol. Surv. 156 (BISH); above Atuona, 800 m, Pacific Entomol. Surv. Ex 355 (BISH); Hanaiapa, 700 m, Jones 1613 (BISH [2 sheets]); without precise locality, 800 m, Brown 16 (BISH).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Tahuata:</emphasis>
|
||
de Hamatea [Amatea]
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||
la
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="crête">crete</normalizedToken>
|
||
centrale de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="l’île">l'ile</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 750-850 m, Thibault 64 (US); Mt. Amatea, 1000 m, Jones 1796 (BISH).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Fatu Hiva:</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Omo’a-Ouia-Mounanui">'Omo'a-Ouia-Mounanui</normalizedToken>
|
||
Trail, 690 m,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gagné">Gagne</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Montgomery 2323 (BISH); trail from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Omo’a">'Omo'a</normalizedToken>
|
||
along Punaitai ridge crest to base of Tekou peak, 550-840 m, Lorence et al. 6171 (BISH, PAP, PTBG); Hanavave, 600 m, Jones 1826 (BISH); Sentier
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ouia">d'Ouia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, W du col, lieu-dit Tahuna, 620 m,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schäfer">Schaefer</normalizedToken>
|
||
5803 (US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Blechum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Blechum capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Burm. f. has been erroneously applied to this new Polynesian species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, EDW" journalOrPublisher="Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B2" refString="Brown, EDW, Brown, FBH, 1931. Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. II. Pteridophytes. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 89: 1 - 123" title="Flora of Southeastern Polynesia. II. Pteridophytes" volume="89" year="1931">Brown and Brown 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Copeland, EB" journalOrPublisher="Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 86" refId="B11" refString="Copeland, EB, 1932. Pteridophytes of the Society Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 93: 1 - 86" title="Pteridophytes of the Society Islands" volume="93" year="1932">Copeland 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The true
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Blechnum capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confined to southern Africa and some nearby islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burrows, JE" journalOrPublisher="Frandsen Publishers, Sandton" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B6" refString="Burrows, JE, 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton" title="Southern African ferns and fern allies" year="1990">Burrows 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roux, JP" journalOrPublisher="SABONET, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B33" refString="Roux, JP, 2001. Conspectus of southern African Pteridophyta. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 13. SABONET, Pretoria, South Africa" title="Conspectus of southern African Pteridophyta. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 13" year="2001">Roux 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This southern African species has also been treated under the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schelpe" authorityYear="1979" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="8" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="sylvaticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="8">Blechnum sylvaticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="9" start="start">Schelpe</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Schelpe 1979;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jacobson, WBG" journalOrPublisher="Butterworth Publishers, Durban, South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B25" refString="Jacobson, WBG, 1983. The ferns and fern allies of Southern Africa. Butterworth Publishers, Durban, South Africa" title="The ferns and fern allies of Southern Africa" year="1983">Jacobson 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), on the false assumption that the type of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum capense</emphasis>
|
||
Burm. f. was a mixed collection of two species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jacobson, WBG" journalOrPublisher="Butterworth Publishers, Durban, South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B25" refString="Jacobson, WBG, 1983. The ferns and fern allies of Southern Africa. Butterworth Publishers, Durban, South Africa" title="The ferns and fern allies of Southern Africa" year="1983">Jacobson 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there seem to be good reasons for placing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schelpe" authorityYear="1979" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="sylvaticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum sylvaticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in synonymy under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Roux 1982;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schelpe, EACLE" editor="Leistner, OA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B34" refString="Schelpe, EACLE, Anthony, NC, 1986. Pteridophyta. In: Leistner, OA, Ed., Flora of Southern Africa. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa" title="Pteridophyta" volumeTitle="Flora of Southern Africa." year="1986">Schelpe and Anthony 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burrows, JE" journalOrPublisher="Frandsen Publishers, Sandton" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B6" refString="Burrows, JE, 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies. Frandsen Publishers, Sandton" title="Southern African ferns and fern allies" year="1990">Burrows 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roux, JP" journalOrPublisher="SABONET, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B33" refString="Roux, JP, 2001. Conspectus of southern African Pteridophyta. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 13. SABONET, Pretoria, South Africa" title="Conspectus of southern African Pteridophyta. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 13" year="2001">Roux 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="procerum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum procerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
G. Forst. has also been incorrectly applied to the Polynesian plants. Quoting
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicolson, DH" journalOrPublisher="ARG. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B31" refString="Nicolson, DH, Fosberg, FR, 2004. The Forsters and the Botany of the Second Cook Expedition (1772-1775). ARG. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein" title="The Forsters and the Botany of the Second Cook Expedition (1772 - 1775)" year="2004">Nicolson and Fosberg (2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 125-126), who stated that the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="procerum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum procerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from New Zealand: "Tindale (1960b: 254) published a photo (t. 7) of the Goettingen material [Nova Zeelandia,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Forster 295</emphasis>
|
||
, GOET] as 'Type
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="specimen’">specimen'</normalizedToken>
|
||
and referred to BM and K specimens as 'Forster material.'
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, TC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 19" publicationUrl="doi: 10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512544" refId="B8" refString="Chambers, TC, Farrant, PA, 1998a. The Blechnum procerum (" capense ")(Blechnaceae) complex in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36: 1 - 19, doi: 10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512544" title="The Blechnum procerum (" capense ") (Blechnaceae) complex in New Zealand." url="doi: 10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512544" volume="36" year="1998 a">Chambers and Farrant (1998a: 4)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, without discussion, said 'T. Noua Zeelandia, Forster; lecto (here chosen): K; isolecto: BM, GOET (photo seen).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’”">'"</normalizedToken>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nicolson, DH" journalOrPublisher="ARG. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B31" refString="Nicolson, DH, Fosberg, FR, 2004. The Forsters and the Botany of the Second Cook Expedition (1772-1775). ARG. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, Liechtenstein" title="The Forsters and the Botany of the Second Cook Expedition (1772 - 1775)" year="2004">Nicolson and Fosberg (2004: 126)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
further stated "There is considerable confusion about the names applied to this taxon and the following quotation from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brownsey, PJ" journalOrPublisher="David Bateman, Ltd., Auckland" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B5" refString="Brownsey, PJ, Smith-Dodsworth, JC, 2001. New Zealand ferns and allied plants. 2nd ed. David Bateman, Ltd., Auckland" title="New Zealand ferns and allied plants. 2 nd ed" year="2001">Brownsey and Smith-Dodsworth (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
summarized it well: 'The name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="minus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum minus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was used incorrectly by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allan, HH" journalOrPublisher="Wellington, Government Printer" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B1" refString="Allan, HH, 1961. Flora of New Zealand, Vol. 1. Wellington, Government Printer" title="Flora of New Zealand, Vol. 1" year="1961">Allan (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crookes, ME" journalOrPublisher="Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B12" refString="Crookes, ME, 1963. New Zealand fernsIncorporating illustrations and original work by H. B. Dobbie, 6th Ed. Christchurch, Whitcombe & Tombs" title="New Zealand fernsIncorporating illustrations and original work by H. B. Dobbie, 6 th Ed" year="1963">Crookes (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the plant we call
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="procerum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum procerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The true
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="minus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum minus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or swamp kiokio, is only doubtfully distinct from the common kiokio (previously known as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’”">'"</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="procerum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum procerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lower pinnae only slightly reduced (not less than half the length of the median pinnae), fertile fronds are up to 50% longer than sterile fronds, and the fertile pinnae show no expanded green tissue at the base in the type as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Clearly, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="procerum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum procerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not apply to the Polynesian plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
|
||
In New Zealand, closest relatives appear to be
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="novae-zelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum novae-zelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
T. C. Chambers & P. A. Farrant and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="minus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum minus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R. Br.) Ettingsh., neither of which is conspecific with our Polynesian plants.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="novae-zelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum novae-zelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is superficially similar but differs in having reduced proximal pinnae and distinctive
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“black-spot”">"black-spot"</normalizedToken>
|
||
rhizome and stipe scales with dark brown or black centers and pale margins (Chambers and Farrant 1998). From evidence presented in a recent paper on the phylogeny of New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Blechnaceae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" rank="genus">Blechnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shepherd, LD" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="67 - 80" publicationUrl="doi: 10.1080/00288250709509703" refId="B35" refString="Shepherd, LD, Perrie, LR, Parris, BS, Brownsey, PJ, 2007. A moleculary phylogeny for the New Zealand Blechnaceae ferns from analyses of chloroplast trn L- trn F DNA sequences. New Zealand Journal of Botany 45: 67 - 80, doi: 10.1080/00288250709509703" title="A moleculary phylogeny for the New Zealand Blechnaceae ferns from analyses of chloroplast trn L- trn F DNA sequences." url="doi: 10.1080/00288250709509703" volume="45" year="2007">Shepherd et al. (2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 2), it seems likely that if
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sampled, it would fall somewhere in the clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tind" authorityYear="1963" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="wattsii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum wattsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tindale and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="novae-zelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum novae-zelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Several species from New Caledonia, all considered endemic, form a confusing array of species somewhat similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These include
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brownlie" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Fourn." class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum confusum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E. Fourn.) Brownlie,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1929" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="chauliodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum chauliodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Copel., and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brownlie" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Fourn." class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="subcordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum subcordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(E. Fourn.) Brownlie.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brownlie, G" editor="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B3" refString="Brownlie, G, 1969. Pteridophytes. In: Aubreville, A, Ed., Flore de la Nouvelle Caledoniae et Dependances, Fasc. 3. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" title="Pteridophytes" volumeTitle="Flore de la Nouvelle Caledoniae et Dependances, Fasc. 3." year="1969">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brownlie’s">Brownlie's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1969)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustration and characterization of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brownlie" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Fourn." class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="subcordatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum subcordatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
suggests that it differs in having smaller fronds with less scaly stipes and rachises, fewer pinnae pairs (5-15), and sterile pinnae not so undulate at the margins.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brownlie" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Fourn." class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="confusum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum confusum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in its strongly ascending, more sharply serrulate and less scaly pinnae (sterile blades are nearly glabrous). The closest species in Malesia (excluding Papua New Guinea) appears to be
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="vestitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum vestitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Blume) Kuhn, nom. cons., non
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="vestitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum vestitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
T. Moore (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, TC" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" pagination="283 - 350" refId="B10" refString="Chambers, TC, Farrant, PA, 2001. Revision of Blechnum (Blechnaceae) in Malaysia. Blumea 46: 283 - 350" title="Revision of Blechnum (Blechnaceae) in Malaysia." volume="46" year="2001">Chambers and Farrant 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, TC" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" publicationUrl="doi: 10.2307/4135517" refId="B7" refString="Chambers, TC, 2004. Proposal (1611) to conserve the name Blechnum vestitum (Blume) Kuhn against B. vestitum T. Moore (Blechnaceae). Taxon 53, 200 pp., doi: 10.2307/4135517" title="Proposal (1611) to conserve the name Blechnum vestitum (Blume) Kuhn against B. vestitum T. Moore (Blechnaceae)" url="doi: 10.2307/4135517" volume="53" year="2004">Chambers 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kato, M" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refId="B26" refString="Kato, M, Nakamura, T, Matsumoto, S, Ebihara, A., 2008. Illustrated Flora of Ferns & Fern-allies of South Pacific Islands [in Japanese]. Tokai University Press" title="Illustrated Flora of Ferns & Fern-allies of South Pacific Islands [in Japanese]" year="2008">McNeill et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 438). The Papua New Guinea species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. C. Chambers & P. A. Farrant" authorityYear="2001" baseAuthorityName="Brause" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Brause) T. C. Chambers & P. A. Farrant is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="4" pageNumber="9" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="9">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fertile pinnae with an expanded basal sterile region, but in the latter the margins are never revolute and the rhizome scales are thin, concolorous, and pale to medium brown. No names of taxa with types from Fiji apply to the new species, the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="10" start="start">closest</pageBreakToken>
|
||
species there being
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Chr" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Carr." class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="milnei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum milnei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Carruthers) C. Chr. (historically also called
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="procerum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum procerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which differs in having very large fronds with generally broader, less coriaceous pinnae and a less scaly rachis and costae on the sterile blades, and fertile pinnae lacking expanded green tissue at the base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Among the Polynesian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1938" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="venosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum venosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Copel. from Rapa Iti in the Austral Islands. In addition to having copious, shiny, dark brown, almost blackish scales on the stipes as noted in the diagnosis, the veins of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1938" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="venosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum venosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very prominent and strongly raised above the surface on the abaxial side of blades, whereas the veins in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are visible abaxially but scarcely, if at all, raised. This gives
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1938" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="venosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum venosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a much harsher, more cartilaginous appearance. Also, in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1938" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="venosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum venosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there are very short hairs on the veins abaxially and some hairs are even present between the veins on laminar tissue, but
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks such hairs. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1938" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="venosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum venosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some of these hairs on the veins and laminar tissue appear multicellular (septate, but uniseriate), and glandular or gland-tipped. Also, pinna margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more crenulate (scalloped) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Copel" authorityYear="1938" class="Pteridopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Filicales" pageId="5" pageNumber="10" phylum="Polypodiophyta" rank="species" species="venosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="10">Blechnum venosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has entire margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |