174 lines
19 KiB
XML
174 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="91815023D77435E5664295DD700291BE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-ZooBank="A9179C79-EE43-44E4-8723-919505500049" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1656928390227" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trubovitz, Sarah, Renaudie, Johan, Lazarus, David & Noble, Paula" docDate="2022" docId="03C96F50FFB8FFD475DFE2C4FCE4C2AD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5160.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5160 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Lithomelissa undetermined Trubovitz, Renaudie, Lazarus & Noble, 2022, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFF01728FF93FFF87548E477FFC7C37C" masterDocTitle="Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1705792368423" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="67EC1188459BB220CE4AFE368E687E08">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35210B34A971F52B61ED8AE7F7B9DD99">Trubovitz, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="36FB1CACF381C75C766570D2568976A8">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="379D97AC001BC5D6C754626F438CFDB5">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0641C80DDC202EFF7E5AAC22B6C9B60">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="90BDFD735D48F0AB04BB1D647F08C47C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5CE02D34FC6CF66A0A9260C94B3814A">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5F79F345AF0103696EBD38A2CBB2730">2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C57E2C7E3B1428DB8BBC07ADB5064962">5160</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BFCC7977F1DB1D9FB79D9DB357309F4C">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5160.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FFB8FFD475DFE2C4FCE4C2AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C96F50FFB8FFD475DFE2C4FCE4C2AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FFB8FFD475DFE2C4FCE4C2AD" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFB8FFD475DFE2C4FC6BC23D" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB8FFD375DFE2C4FD1DC5B1" blockId="43.[151,730,1715,1778]" box="[151,730,1715,1741]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB8FFD375DFE2C4FE9FC5B1" box="[151,344,1715,1741]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD375DFE2C4FEEAC5B1" box="[151,301,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD3747CE2C4FE9FC5B1" bold="true" box="[308,344,1715,1741]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD37417E2C4FEBAC5B1" bold="true" box="[351,381,1715,1741]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">cf.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB8FFD374CCE2C3FD1DC5B1" authority="Butschli, 1882" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[388,730,1715,1741]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD374CCE2C3FDE5C5B1" box="[388,546,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">L. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB8FFD37761E2C4FD1DC5B1" author="Butschli, O." box="[553,730,1715,1741]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD37761E2C4FD1DC5B1" bold="true" box="[553,730,1715,1741]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bütschli, 1882</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB8FFD375DFE2A0FDA2C58D" blockId="43.[151,730,1715,1778]" box="[151,613,1751,1778]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Plate 15,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFB8FFD37448E2A0FEBDC58D" box="[256,378,1751,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1090,1114]" captionTargetBox="[178,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-22@24.[177,1411,181,1066]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 8. Internal skeletal structure of Botryopera amabie n. sp." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 8A–B</figureCitation>
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; Plate 16
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFB8FFD374AFE2A0FDA7C58D" box="[487,608,1751,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1556,1580]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,742,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-252@30.[151,1436,741,1532]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 9. Internal skeletal structure of Ceratocyrtis sp. C." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 9A–B</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB8FFD375DFE36CFC47C44F" blockId="43.[151,896,1819,1844]" box="[151,896,1819,1844]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB8FFD375DFE36CFD50C448" authority=", Trubovitz et al., 2020" authorityName="Trubovitz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,663,1819,1844]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD375DFE36CFEDEC44F" box="[151,281,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD37477E36CFE6BC44F" box="[319,428,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB8FFD374F1E36CFD50C448" author="Trubovitz, S. & Lazarus, D. & Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J." box="[441,663,1819,1844]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref96304" refString="Trubovitz, S., Lazarus, D., Renaudie, J. & Noble, P. J. (2020) Marine plankton show threshold extinction response to Neogene climate change. Nature Communications, 11 (5069), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41467 - 020 - 18879 - 7" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Trubovitz
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD3776AE36BFD9CC44F" box="[546,603,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.,</emphasis>
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2020
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, supplementary data 7.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFB8FFD375DFE315FA5BC494" blockId="43.[151,1436,1889,2024]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD375DFE315FECCC400" bold="true" box="[151,267,1890,1916]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB8FFD37761E315FC2AC400" authority="Butschli, 1882" authorityName="Butschli" authorityYear="1882" box="[553,1005,1890,1916]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD37761E315FCFBC400" box="[553,828,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lithomelissa ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFB8FFD3760EE315FC2AC400" author="Butschli, O." box="[838,1005,1890,1916]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="485 - 540" refId="ref86365" refString="Butschli, O. (1882) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Radiolarienskelette, insbesondere der Cyrtida (Contributions to the knowledge of the radiolarian skeletons, especially the Cyrtida). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 36, 485 - 540. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1882">Bütschli, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pl. 15,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFB8FFD37110E315FB18C400" box="[1112,1247,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1317,1341]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,562,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-182@18.[164,1422,561,1294]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 7. Internal skeletal structure of Arachnocorys umbellifera (Haeckel, 1862) Petrushevskaya, 1971." pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs. 7A–C</figureCitation>
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) except that the wall of the cephalis is thinner and the cephalis is more elongated. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFB8FFD3717AE3F1FAABC4DC" authority="Butschli" authorityName="Butschli. A" authorityYear="1882" box="[1074,1388,1926,1952]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD3717AE3F1FAC0C4E3" box="[1074,1287,1926,1952]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lithomelissa mitra</emphasis>
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Bütschli
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</taxonomicName>
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(Pl. 15, Figs. 4A–6) in that the cephalis is proportionally larger. This species is similar to
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFB8FFD37129E3DDFA90C4B8" box="[1121,1367,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lithomelissa alkonost</emphasis>
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n. sp. (Pl. 16, Figs. 1A–7B), but differs in that the neck area is more clearly constricted. The pores on the cephalis and
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD475DFE4E0FC6BC23D" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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thorax are more regularly distributed and typically larger than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD4763DE4E0FC35C3CD" box="[885,1010,151,177]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="alkonost" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4763DE4E0FC35C3CD" box="[885,1010,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. alkonost</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFBFFFD476B1E4E0FBF1C3CD" box="[1017,1078,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47126E4E0FB78C3CC" box="[1134,1215,151,176]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47126E4E0FB78C3CC" box="[1134,1215,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. sirin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A227BF2FFFBFFFD4718FE4E0FAC3C3CD" box="[1223,1284,151,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(Pl. 17,
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<figureCitation id="135BC2C3FFBFFFD4702DE4E0FF66C3A9" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,743,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-284@6.[151,1436,741,1317]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagram illustrating the general skeletal morphology of Lophophaenidae, and terminology used in this manuscript. Dashed lines indicate spines that are not visible from the angle shown, as they extend into the skeleton. An example specimen of Lophophaena casperi n. sp. is included for comparison to the diagrams." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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–11B). Appendages on the thorax are typically very strong and bladed, similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47177E4CCFB10C3A9" box="[1087,1239,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47177E4CCFB10C3A9" box="[1087,1239,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD47047E4CCFAB7C3A8" box="[1295,1392,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD47047E4CCFAABC3A8" authorityName="Butschli. A" authorityYear="1882" box="[1295,1388,187,212]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="mitra">L. mitra</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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but different from the thin, conical spines typical in
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD477E5E4A8FD3BC384" box="[685,764,223,248]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="sirin">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD477E5E4A8FD3BC384" box="[685,764,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L. sirin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the usually short thoracic spines on
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD471F6E4A8FA86C385" box="[1214,1345,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFBFFFD471F6E4A8FAF9C385" box="[1214,1342,223,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="alkonost">L. alkonost</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Despite their differences, all of these species are apparently closely related and will require further study to determine true species-level distinctions versus intraspecific morphological variation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFBFFFD4758FE53DFCE4C2AD" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD4758FE53DFBCEC2D1" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4758FE53DFE73C218" bold="true" box="[199,436,330,356]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D6615CFFFBFFFD474F5E53DFD9FC219" box="[445,600,330,357]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">65 specimens</specimenCount>
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observed from samples 321-1337A-16H-
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<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBFFFD47173E53CFB1CC219" box="[1083,1243,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.50605" metricValueMax="12.4" metricValueMin="0.6121" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="65.0605" valueMax="124.0" valueMin="6.121">6, 121–124cm</quantity>
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(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-12H-5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBFFFD47432E518FE25C2F5" box="[378,482,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23–26cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Miocene), 321-1337A-10H-2,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBFFFD476DBE518FC3CC2F5" box="[915,1019,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="9.4" metricValueMin="9.1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="92.5" valueMax="94.0" valueMin="91.0">91–94cm</quantity>
|
||
(Early Pliocene), 321-1337A-7H-
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBFFFD470C2E518FEDBC2D1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6552" metricValueMax="10.7" metricValueMin="0.6104" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="56.552" valueMax="107.0" valueMin="6.104">6, 104–107cm</quantity>
|
||
(Early Pliocene), and 321-1337A-5H-5,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9873A3FFBFFFD477AFE5E4FC89C2D1" box="[743,846,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="11.0">11–14cm</quantity>
|
||
(Late Pliocene).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFBFFFD4758FE5C0FCE4C2AD" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,465]" box="[199,803,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFBFFFD4758FE5C0FEDDC2AD" bold="true" box="[199,282,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Late Miocene—Late Pliocene,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED714683FFBFFFD47737E5C0FD77C2AD" box="[639,688,439,465]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">EEP</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E2EBFDFFBFFFD477F6E5C0FCD5C2AD" box="[702,786,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="84.[151,248,834,860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="TABLE 1. Occurrence chart of Late Neogene–Recent lophophaenids in the EEP." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |