284 lines
32 KiB
XML
284 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="315AD38FE1CB81D3B54CBDA13EDB5899" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274785" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8137f37-0107-4ce4-b883-2e394fc55da6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274785" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461056743297" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Philipp, Nicholas A. & Fautin, Daphne G." docDate="2009" docId="F5093A55FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C38F81F99" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02058p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2058" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Epizoanthus rodmani Philipp & Fautin, 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="0930422DFFC8FFD0FFE5FF8B3B0E1946" masterDocTitle="Three new species of shallow water, yellow zoanthids (Hexacorallia: Zoanthidea: Epizoanthidae) from southern California, USA, and southern Australia" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698581268139" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="EFE82BCA4121EA2050CFEF8375E76846" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="FD600996A422E2FA31E9A2E29D1A6D12">
|
||
<mods:title id="2C77B1597655596F4F2E9CA5117CD0FC">Three new species of shallow water, yellow zoanthids (Hexacorallia: Zoanthidea: Epizoanthidae) from southern California, USA, and southern Australia</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F0E4B7FB69951E4CE0E0FC4700003866" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D09EF1CE63D25801F43568B62CE3C0E8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3A4E5EDDB6C4B12576CB051B57446905">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EAD52941F6770E0E58E9AA4BA39F603A">Philipp, Nicholas A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9F14FC58A8FDB036EC4BF7F170F09F4E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8A5F360356B8125CD4886E9CDDB090EB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ED47B54E37F37485B55DEA480AEBC2D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="33A95427D9C603694A5E831ADD269048">Fautin, Daphne G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="341B6C009989C2E9BAE6104D93D5766A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="86351F7EC33EE787CC4347A311884BBB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="685C859D74B817160B6FB9C31830E3F2">
|
||
<mods:title id="58E63CE9247C1D0826DBBA5E0E05C1DB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="59E05FA8D085FB21781B990E18EC58ED">
|
||
<mods:date id="D1C74C1F667AE3672C7C6E377F8908C6">2009</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1EE8364BEC06949392C9256748356CD4" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="3E4D02C34B41C677D3D05D02FF99D2B4">2058</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5A707C876C83CFF6C26F292B69A3AA30" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B0FF91F573F2749A7F2CC641A10B89D5">53</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="027FE74A8EABD3EB62ADCD57D2B5F37E">61</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="A99DB732B863C8F701948B8D538B5C72">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8B62AC7047D3A4C92389B32248AA1CCA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274785</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4CB619A3DD4D12B4367CBBA77AFCD253" type="GBIF-Dataset">c8137f37-0107-4ce4-b883-2e394fc55da6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9CD9B69B845421B11E6AECBD38A0731C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EFB6D4D37612E23541333D2857A6C465" type="Zenodo-Dep">274785</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="F5093A55FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C38F81F99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6226873" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119613153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6226873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5093A55FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C38F81F99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5093A55FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C38F81F99" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<subSubSection id="35BAD8C8FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C3A451992" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C393D19F7" blockId="7.[151,563,151,212]" box="[151,563,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<heading id="26573C2FFFCFFFD7FF72FF1C393D19F7" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C393D19F7" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C3A9319F7" ID-CoL="6FX7P" box="[151,413,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rodmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF72FF1C3A9319F7" bold="true" box="[151,413,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Epizoanthus rodmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FE41FF1C393D19F7" box="[420,563,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF72FF313A451992" blockId="7.[151,563,151,212]" box="[151,331,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<figureCitation id="E59B97C6FFCFFFD7FF72FF313A0F1992" box="[151,257,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1323,1347]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1296]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,390,1298]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Epizoanthus giveni n. sp. in life, attached to a rock wall. Note vivid yellow color and polyps of various sizes. Photograph by Daniel W. Gotshall, with permission. B. Epizoanthus scotinus in life. Note wider oral disc and paler column, tentacles, and oral disc as compared to E. giveni n. sp. Photograph by Daniel W. Gotshall, with permission. C. Epizoanthus karenae n. sp. in life. Note radiating dark-orange lines on oral disc. Photograph by Karen Gowlett-Holmes, with permission. D. Epizoanthus rodmani n. sp. in life. Note lack of radiating lines on oral disc. Photograph by Karen Gowlett-Holmes, with permission. Scale bars = 2 cm; scale was determined in consultation with the photographers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274786/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 2C
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35BAD8C8FFCFFFD7FF72FE8C3FBF1B8D" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF72FE8C3E0118FA" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF72FE8C3A851867" bold="true" box="[151,395,263,289]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Pacific Ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05B7CBD3FFCFFFD7FDA2FE8339BB1864" box="[583,693,264,290]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Tasmania, Port Davey, Bathurst Channel, off Joan Point, ~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1894ED84FFCFFFD7FA96FE833BDD180E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-43.333332">43° 20’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1894ED84FFCFFFD7FF04FEA53A6D180E" box="[225,355,302,328]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="146.06667">146° 04’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FE94FEA53ADC180E" box="[369,466,302,328]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="5.0">5–21 m</quantity>
|
||
, collected by K.L. Gowlett-Holmes,
|
||
<date id="091EAD83FFCFFFD7FC78FEA53F31180E" box="[925,1087,302,328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" value="1993-04-05">5 April 1993</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BB11386FFCFFFD7FBA8FEA53F80180E" box="[1101,1166,302,328]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">SAM</collectionCode>
|
||
H1603,
|
||
<typeStatus id="A21B35E1FFCFFFD7FB1EFEA53E7F180E" box="[1275,1393,302,328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 22 polyps. Pacific Ocean,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05B7CBD3FFCFFFD7FE54FEDE392D1829" box="[433,547,341,367]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05B7CBD3FFCFFFD7FD9BFEDE39FE1829" box="[638,752,341,367]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Kangaroo Island, W of Western River Cove, Pissy Boy Rock, “The Amphitheater”, ~
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1894ED84FFCFFFD7FE11FEF7395118D0" box="[500,607,380,406]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-35.666668">35° 40’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1894ED84FFCFFFD7FD89FEF739D118D0" box="[620,735,380,406]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="136.96666">136°58’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FD09FEF7383418D0" box="[748,826,380,406]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 m</quantity>
|
||
, collected by K.L. Gowlett-Holmes,
|
||
<date id="091EAD83FFCFFFD7FB0BFEF73E9918D0" box="[1262,1431,380,406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" value="2002-03-09">9 March 2002</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BB11386FFCFFFD7FF72FE293BFC18FA" box="[151,242,418,444]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">KUDIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
0 0 2984,
|
||
<typeStatus id="A21B35E1FFCFFFD7FE85FE293ADB18FA" box="[352,469,418,444]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, 2 pieces (unknown whether from a single colony) of 6 and 18 polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20FE4339DE1B11" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF20FE43394518A4" bold="true" box="[197,587,456,482]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Colony morphology and color.</emphasis>
|
||
In life, vivid yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E59B97C6FFCFFFD7FCB3FE4238B418A5" box="[854,954,457,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1323,1347]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,390,1296]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,390,1298]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Epizoanthus giveni n. sp. in life, attached to a rock wall. Note vivid yellow color and polyps of various sizes. Photograph by Daniel W. Gotshall, with permission. B. Epizoanthus scotinus in life. Note wider oral disc and paler column, tentacles, and oral disc as compared to E. giveni n. sp. Photograph by Daniel W. Gotshall, with permission. C. Epizoanthus karenae n. sp. in life. Note radiating dark-orange lines on oral disc. Photograph by Karen Gowlett-Holmes, with permission. D. Epizoanthus rodmani n. sp. in life. Note lack of radiating lines on oral disc. Photograph by Karen Gowlett-Holmes, with permission. Scale bars = 2 cm; scale was determined in consultation with the photographers." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274786/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D) (Karen L. Gowlett-Holmes,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BB11386FFCFFFD7FAD9FE423E9918A5" box="[1340,1431,457,483]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">CSIRO</collectionCode>
|
||
, Hobart, pers. comm.). In preservative, yellow/light brown. Three pieces examined had 7–22 polyps each. In preserved material, coenenchyme surface visible between polyps, smaller polyps interspersed among larger ones; all protrude from surface of coenenchyme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20FDE83FBF1B8D" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF20FDE83AA21B3B" bold="true" box="[197,428,611,637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">External anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
In preserved specimens, contracted polyps protrude no more than
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FB25FDEF3E0B1B38" box="[1216,1285,612,638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
from thin (
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FA6AFDEF3BCB1BE2" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick) coenenchyme;
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FE22FD0139301BE2" box="[455,574,650,676]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.0">3–4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter when contracted. Ectoderm densely encrusted with dark sand and quartz contributing to polyps’ dark color. Scapus ridges not obvious in closed polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35BAD8C8FFCFFFD7FF20FD5C3FF31A9C" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20FD5C38161A20" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF20FD5C3AA91BB7" bold="true" box="[197,423,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Internal anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal sphincter muscle alveolar, situated in middle of mesoglea, nearer ectoderm distally, nearer endoderm proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E59B97C6FFCFFFD7FD81FD7539C31A5E" box="[612,717,766,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,313,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,313,1066]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Longitudinal sections through alveolar marginal sphincter muscles of new species of Epizoanthus. A. Epizoanthus giveni n. sp. Alveoli nearly circular in cross section, arrayed in single column, separate from one another, decrease in diameter proximally. B. Epizoanthus karenae n. sp. Alveoli not stratified and fill most of margin distally, transversely stratified and near endoderm proximally. C. Epizoanthus rodmani n. sp. Alveoli elongate in cross section, located nearer ectoderm distally, near endoderm proximally. Scale bar = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274787/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C), alveoli elongate, more elliptical than circular in section. Mesenteries
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FEC8FCAE3A641A79" box="[301,362,805,831]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="42.0">42 in</quantity>
|
||
polyp
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FE58FCAE390C1A79" box="[445,514,805,831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter to
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FD52FCAE39FA1A79" box="[695,756,805,831]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="48.0">48 in</quantity>
|
||
polyp
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FCA2FCAE38AC1A79" box="[839,930,805,831]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Actinopharynx longitudinally corrugated. Siphonoglyph apparent. No zooxanthellae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20FCF938861AF5" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF20FCF93A3E1ACA" bold="true" box="[197,304,882,908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Cnidae.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidom spirocysts, basitrichs, holotrichs, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FC1BFCF93F171ACD" box="[1022,1049,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">b-</emphasis>
|
||
mastigophores, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FA67FCF93E9F1ACD" box="[1410,1425,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">p</emphasis>
|
||
- mastigophores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E59B97C6FFCFFFD7FEB4FC123AB91AF5" box="[337,439,921,947]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,259,1965,1989]" captionTargetBox="[180,1411,1413,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[180,1415,1413,1956]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cnidae. Scale bar = 20 µm; refer to Tables 1 and 3 for occurrences and size ranges. A. Basitrich. B. Basitrich. C. Microbasic p - mastigophore. D. Microbasic b - mastigophore. E. Holotrich. F. Spirocyst. G. Holotrich." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274788/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<tableCitation id="3022BEF8FFCFFFD7FDE5FC12395B1AF5" box="[512,597,921,947]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,243,306,330]" captionText="TABLE 3. Cnidae of Epizoanthus karenae n. sp and Epizoanthus rodmani n. sp. N is the ratio of the number of" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
for sizes and distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20FC343FF31A9C" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" box="[197,1277,959,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF20FC3439121A9F" bold="true" box="[197,540,959,985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Natural history, geography.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens studied were collected from a rock wall at
|
||
<quantity id="BA5826A6FFCFFFD7FB78FC4B3FF71A9C" box="[1181,1273,960,986]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="5.0">
|
||
5–
|
||
<specimenCount id="6BA640CAFFCFFFD7FB5EFC4B3FF71A9C" box="[1211,1273,960,986]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="generic">21 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35BAD8C8FFCFFFD7FF23FC6D38F81F99" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF23FC6D3A721D32" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF23FC6D3A5D1D46" bold="true" box="[198,339,998,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FE84FC6C396C1D46" box="[353,610,999,1024]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rodmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FE84FC6C396C1D46" box="[353,610,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Epizoanthus rodmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FD94FC6D39B41D46" bold="true" box="[625,698,998,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FD94FC6D39B41D46" box="[625,698,998,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is named in honor of Dr. James E. Rodman, who helped taxonomy in all fields as Director in the Division of Environmental Biology of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05B7CBD3FFCFFFD7FB79FB863FCC1D61" box="[1180,1218,1037,1063]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Science Foundation and especially by creating and supporting the program Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20FB0B38251C96" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF20FB0B3AD71DDC" bold="true" box="[197,473,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
See Table 2. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FCEEFB0A38841DDC" box="[779,906,1153,1178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FCEEFB0A38841DDC" box="[779,906,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. karenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FC77FB0B38DB1DDC" bold="true" box="[914,981,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FC77FB0B38DB1DDC" box="[914,981,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has radiating dark-orange lines on the oral disc and smaller polyps surrounding larger polyps, whereas the disc of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FBFDFB233F921D87" box="[1048,1180,1192,1217]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rodmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FBFDFB233F921D87" box="[1048,1180,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. rodmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FB41FB2C3FE91D87" bold="true" box="[1188,1255,1191,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FB41FB2C3FE91D87" box="[1188,1255,1191,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
lacks radiating lines and polyps of different sizes do not differ in distribution. Many of the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FB76FB443E2A1DAE" box="[1171,1316,1231,1256]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FB76FB443E2A1DAE" box="[1171,1316,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Epizoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in the western Pacific Ocean differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FD92FB7E39FB1C48" box="[631,757,1269,1294]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FD92FB7E39FB1C48" box="[631,757,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. karenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FD19FB7E38311C49" bold="true" box="[764,831,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FD19FB7E38311C49" box="[764,831,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FC9DFB7E38F41C48" box="[888,1018,1269,1294]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rodmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FC9DFB7E38F41C48" box="[888,1018,1269,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. rodmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FBE7FB7E3F4B1C49" bold="true" box="[1026,1093,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FBE7FB7E3F4B1C49" box="[1026,1093,1269,1295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in habitat and/or substratum. The sphincter muscle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FE5EFA97387D1C70" authority="Cutress, 1971" authorityName="Cutress" authorityYear="1971" box="[443,883,1308,1334]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FE5EFA9739C91C73" box="[443,711,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Epizoanthus sabulosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1931F6B2FFCFFFD7FD2AFA97387D1C70" author="Cutress" box="[719,883,1308,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="61" refString="Cutress, C. E. (1971) Corallimorpharia, Actiniaria and Zoanthidea. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 32, 89 - 93." type="journal article" year="1971">Cutress, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occurs in the same latitudes and depths as the new Australian species, is narrower distally than that of either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FC35FAC83F5E1C1A" box="[976,1104,1347,1372]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FC35FAC83F5E1C1A" box="[976,1104,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. karenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FBBDFAC93F921C1A" bold="true" box="[1112,1180,1346,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FBBDFAC93F921C1A" box="[1112,1180,1346,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FB21FAC83E471C1A" box="[1220,1353,1347,1372]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rodmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FB21FAC83E471C1A" box="[1220,1353,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. rodmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FAB4FAC93E9B1C1A" bold="true" box="[1361,1429,1346,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FAB4FAC93E9B1C1A" box="[1361,1429,1346,1372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and has fewer alveoli. Although the size and distribution of nematocysts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FBF1FAE23F9D1CC4" box="[1044,1171,1385,1410]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FBF1FAE23F9D1CC4" box="[1044,1171,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. karenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FB7EFAE33FD11CC4" bold="true" box="[1179,1247,1384,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FB7EFAE33FD11CC4" box="[1179,1247,1384,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FAFDFAE23E921CC4" box="[1304,1436,1385,1410]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rodmani" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FAFDFAE23E921CC4" box="[1304,1436,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. rodmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF72FA043BD01CEF" bold="true" box="[151,222,1423,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54E7EA2AFFCFFFD7FF72FA043BD01CEF" box="[151,222,1423,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are very similar, microbasic
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FDADFA1B39591CEF" box="[584,599,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">b</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores in both species are generally larger than those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FA67FA1B3A051C96" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FA67FA1B3A051C96" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. sabulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and basitrichs are not known in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FD6AFA3C382D1C96" box="[655,803,1463,1488]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FD6AFA3C382D1C96" box="[655,803,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. sabulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20FA563E461F02" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FE9BFA56392F1CB0" box="[382,545,1501,1526]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FE9BFA56392F1CB0" box="[382,545,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Parazoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are externally similar to all three new species. In addition to the diagnostic differences in sphincter muscle, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FDD9F98F38981F58" authority="Schmidt, 1862" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[572,918,1540,1566]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="axinellae">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FDD9F98F39C91F5B" box="[572,711,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">P. axinellae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1931F6B2FFCFFFD7FD3DF98F38801F58" author="Schmidt" box="[728,910,1540,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="61" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only large (
|
||
<date id="091EAD83FFCFFFD7FBC9F98F3F811F58" box="[1068,1167,1540,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" value="1933-10-23">23–33 x</date>
|
||
12–15 µm) holotrichs were measured. No nematocyst data appear to have been published for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FC3FF9A03E4D1F02" authority="McMurrich, 1904" authorityName="McMurrich" authorityYear="1904" box="[986,1347,1578,1604]" class="Anthozoa" family="Parazoanthidae" genus="Parazoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FC3FF9A03F661F02" box="[986,1128,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">P. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1931F6B2FFCFFFD7FB95F9A13E4D1F02" author="McMurrich" box="[1136,1347,1578,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="61" refString="McMurrich, J. P. (1904) The Actiniae of the Plate collection. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 6, 215 - 306." type="journal article" year="1904">McMurrich, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D1F8B43FFCFFFD7FF20F9DA38F81F99" blockId="7.[151,1437,263,1759]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Now three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FE20F9DA39581F2C" box="[453,598,1617,1642]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FE20F9DA39581F2C" box="[453,598,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Epizoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been described from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05B7CBD3FFCFFFD7FBE6F9DA3F7C1F2D" box="[1027,1138,1617,1643]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the two we describe and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FF72F9F33A201FD7" box="[151,302,1656,1681]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FF72F9F33A201FD7" box="[151,302,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">E. sabulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1931F6B2FFCFFFD7FED8F9F339551FD4" author="Gowlett-Holmes" box="[317,603,1656,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="61" refString="Gowlett-Holmes, K. (2008) A Field Guide to the Marine Invertebrates of South Australia. Notomares, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia, 333 pp." type="book" year="2008">Gowlett-Holmes (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included in her guide to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05B7CBD3FFCFFFD7FC1DF9F33F6B1FD4" box="[1016,1125,1656,1682]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
five species of zoanthids, including another undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAA0F0C0FFCFFFD7FD79F914383A1FFE" box="[668,820,1695,1720]" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD45751FFCFFFD7FD79F914383A1FFE" box="[668,820,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Epizoanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There may be others as well; an inventory of all zoanthid species present, both there and in southern California, is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |