283 lines
33 KiB
XML
283 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="206815B80443159826623691EBE82198" ID-CLB-Dataset="31670" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d265a70-8c63-49bb-8b30-bac7d2f060fc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1040085" ID-ZooBank="FF11A5C7-2DAD-444C-8520-6098932AE208" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1509520017550" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Erlacher, Sven, Palma, Laura Marrero & Erlacher, Josepha" docDate="2017" docId="B72D690BBB7BFFEBFF6479F95319FB3E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4341.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4341 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Charissa Curtis 1826" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="4B141173BB7FFFEEFFF37C335003FF84" masterDocTitle="A systematic revision of Charissa, subgenus Pterygnophos Wehrli, 1951, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" updateTime="1698470615997" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B71717BD7042D59473AE8FBC1A649537">
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<mods:title id="604C521EF41EC12402A9CC5C3DEBF12D">A systematic revision of Charissa, subgenus Pterygnophos Wehrli, 1951, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A0C2B78B7217D97AF26F95389B34DBEB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F47FF785BE1A9DC5DD48ACEE3A2E766F">Erlacher, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6393717B26166CB3551915193F574489">Palma, Laura Marrero</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="EA42BA46E3ED5FD682D8E766A25B4477" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C667A7FA4D232215C733652958E6EC9A">Erlacher, Josepha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="736DC2BA834AD5C02D0F7EC4F3FAE896">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="594C4D5BE4720CFB911BE70176D1272C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3703F07AF577A5C3A427D542ACED3BFC">
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<mods:date id="ECD0FBF3C83CA0E84EE45717BD9CA48B">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B53D24A596DD8FB96B14EF03AD267837">2017-11-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5BE3226A81AF1E7809DFB91E4B98261D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="135936F5F7DAC2CB3C1A337E41805650">4341</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8A0734D55B630D41536EB9FCECAD5813">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="517AD03E2B60E5B50E7D9901C32814D7">journal volume</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F0A1647D8AB300387653CC0BAB54A8AC" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4341.3.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B72D690BBB7BFFEBFF6479F95319FB3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6042024" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135557980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6042024" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B72D690BBB7BFFEBFF6479F95319FB3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B72D690BBB7BFFEBFF6479F95319FB3E" lastPageId="5" pageId="4">
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<subSubSection id="779E8B96BB7BFFEAFF6479F952A3F982" pageId="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7BFFEAFF6479F9528BFA61" blockId="4.[151,672,1482,1542]" box="[151,648,1482,1509]" pageId="4">
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<heading id="64736F71BB7BFFEAFF6479F9528BFA61" bold="true" box="[151,648,1482,1509]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFF6479F9528BFA61" bold="true" box="[151,648,1482,1509]" pageId="4">
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7BFFEAFF6479F951A0FA61" ID-CoL="92552" authority="Curtis, 1826" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,419,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFF6479F95100FA60" bold="true" box="[151,259,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4">Charissa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7BFFEAFEF979F851A0FA61" author="Curtis" box="[266,419,1483,1509]" pageId="4" refString="Curtis, J. (1826) British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. John Curtis, London, 197 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8148" type="book" year="1826">Curtis, 1826</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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nomen protectum
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7BFFEAFF6479DD52A3F982" blockId="4.[151,672,1482,1542]" box="[151,672,1517,1542]" pageId="4">
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(=
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFF4479DD5130F981" box="[183,307,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7BFFEAFEC979DE51E5F982" box="[314,486,1517,1542]" pageId="4" refString="Hubner, J. (1825) Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic!]. Jakob Hubner, Augsburg, 127 pp. [pp. 305 - 431] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48607" type="book chapter">Hübner, [1825]</bibRefCitation>
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nomen oblitum)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="779E8B96BB7BFFEAFF647A035437F944" pageId="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7BFFEAFF647A03542EF907" blockId="4.[151,1437,1584,1728]" pageId="4">
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7BFFEAFF647A03517AF9C2" ID-CoL="92552" authority="Curtis, 1826" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,377,1584,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFF647A0350F0F9C2" box="[151,243,1584,1606]" italics="true" pageId="4">Charissa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7BFFEAFF0A7A03517AF9C2" author="Curtis" box="[249,377,1584,1606]" pageId="4" refString="Curtis, J. (1826) British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. John Curtis, London, 197 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8148" type="book" year="1826">Curtis, 1826</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFE777A035144F9E0" italics="true" pageId="4">British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland.</emphasis>
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John Curtis, London: object number 105.—Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7BFFEAFC427A7C5486F9E0" ID-CoL="942F7" authorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" authorityYear="1775" box="[945,1157,1614,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurata">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFC427A7C5486F9E0" box="[945,1157,1614,1636]" italics="true" pageId="4">Geometra obscurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775, originally designated as “
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7BFFEAFDFB7A5D531EF907" authority="Hub." authorityName="Hub." box="[520,797,1645,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuraria">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFDFB7A5D52E0F907" box="[520,739,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="4">Geometra obscuraria</emphasis>
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Hüb.
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</taxonomicName>
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” (unjustified emendation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7BFFEAFF647ABE5437F944" blockId="4.[151,1437,1584,1728]" pageId="4">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFF647ABE510BF926" box="[151,264,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7BFFEAFEE47ABF51BCF926" box="[279,447,1676,1698]" pageId="4" refString="Hubner, J. (1825) Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic!]. Jakob Hubner, Augsburg, 127 pp. [pp. 305 - 431] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48607" type="book chapter">Hübner, [1825]</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFE207ABF5352F926" box="[467,849,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="4">Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge</emphasis>
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[sic!], Jakob Hübner, Augsburg: 314.—Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7BFFEAFF347A9851ECF944" ID-CoL="95BCH" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1799" box="[199,495,1706,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucidaria">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFF347A985199F944" box="[199,410,1706,1728]" italics="true" pageId="4">Geometra mucidaria</emphasis>
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Hübner
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</taxonomicName>
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, [1799], by subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7BFFEAFC897A985432F944" author="Prout" box="[890,1073,1706,1728]" pageId="4" refString="Prout, L. B. (1904) The generic separation of " Gnophos " obfuscata from glaucinaria. The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 16, 121 - 122." type="journal article" year="1904">Prout (1904: 122)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="779E8B96BB7BFFEBFF647AD45292FE1E" lastPageId="5" pageId="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7BFFEAFF647AD454DBF97B" blockId="4.[151,1240,1767,1792]" box="[151,1240,1767,1792]" pageId="4">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFF647AD45112F884" bold="true" box="[151,273,1767,1792]" pageId="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7BFFEAFE607AD451FBF884" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[403,504,1767,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7BFFEAFE607AD451FBF884" box="[403,504,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4">Charissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the following autapomorphic character states:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7BFFEAFF647B185310F8C7" blockId="4.[151,1307,1834,1959]" box="[151,787,1834,1859]" pageId="4">– Juxta divided into two arms, without terminal spines</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7BFFEAFF647B7E5304F823" blockId="4.[151,1307,1834,1959]" pageId="4">
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<materialsCitation id="8FECD240BB7BFFEAFF647B7E5304F823" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1676572370" location="Bursa" pageId="4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bursa">
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– Costa more sclerotized than the rest of the valva, pilose but with not more than one or two spines – Ductus bursae (= part between antrum and base of ductus seminalis) not present or extremely short –
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<collectingRegion id="FD4016FFBB7BFFEAFF347BBC510BF822" box="[199,264,1935,1958]" country="Turkey" name="Bursa" pageId="4">Bursa</collectingRegion>
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copulatrix with sclerotized longitudinal folds
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7AFFEBFF347CA45519FED3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="5">
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Moths belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFE487CA45223FF34" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[443,544,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFE487CA45223FF34" box="[443,544,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are externally very similar to those belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFB887CA454E3FF34" authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1825" box="[1147,1248,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFB887CA454E3FF34" box="[1147,1248,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5">Gnophos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFB077CA4512FFF56" authority="Wehrli, 1945" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1945" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophopsodos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFB077CA4559FFF34" box="[1268,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5">Gnophopsodos</emphasis>
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Wehrli, 1945
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFECA7C8A51E0FF56" box="[313,483,185,210]" italics="true" pageId="5">Rhiphignophos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFE197C8A527FFF56" author="Wehrli" box="[490,636,185,210]" pageId="5" refString="Wehrli, E. (1951) Une nouvelle classification du genre Gnophos Tr. Lambillionea, 51, 6 - 37." type="journal article" year="1951">Wehrli, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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and several other genera, which are just as perfectly adapted to rocks. Most of the species of
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFE577CE9520AFF77" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[420,521,218,243]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFE577CE9520AFF77" box="[420,521,218,243]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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are medium sized moths with medial lines and discal spots often distinct. The antennae of males range from filiform to not more than shortly bipectinate, both states occurring even in the same subgenus (e.g.
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFEBB7D2E52A0FEB2" authority="Wehrli, 1951" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1951" box="[328,675,285,310]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cnestrognophos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFEBB7D2E51FDFEB2" box="[328,510,285,310]" italics="true" pageId="5">Cnestrognophos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFDF97D2E52A0FEB2" author="Wehrli" box="[522,675,285,310]" pageId="5" refString="Wehrli, E. (1951) Une nouvelle classification du genre Gnophos Tr. Lambillionea, 51, 6 - 37." type="journal article" year="1951">Wehrli, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Hind tibiae are clavately thickened. The wing venation is very variable in the genus, even within a single species, and not at all constant as indicated in
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<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFB897D0C5515FED3" author="Sauter" box="[1146,1302,319,343]" pageId="5" refString="Sauter, W. (1990) Zur Systematik der Gnophos - Gruppe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 12, 328 - 343." type="journal article" year="1990">Sauter (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7AFFEBFF347D6C5292FE1E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="5">
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Unlike the situation with external characters, the species of
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFC707D6C53EAFEFC" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[899,1001,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFC707D6C53EAFEFC" box="[899,1001,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by their male and female genitalia (see list of autapomorphies).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="779E8B96BB7AFFEBFF347D9150FDFE7A" pageId="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7AFFEBFF347D9150FDFE7A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="5">
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<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFF347D915163FE3F" bold="true" box="[199,352,418,443]" pageId="5">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The genus
|
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<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFE057D915258FE3F" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[502,603,418,443]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFE057D915258FE3F" box="[502,603,418,443]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently comprises about 70 species occurring across the Palearctic ecozone and the Arabian Peninsula. One member of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFC6F7DF754C6FE59" authority="Wehrli, 1951" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1951" box="[924,1221,452,477]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dysgnophos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFC6F7DF75424FE59" box="[924,1063,452,477]" italics="true" pageId="5">Dysgnophos</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFBC27DF754C6FE59" author="Wehrli" box="[1073,1221,452,477]" pageId="5" refString="Wehrli, E. (1951) Une nouvelle classification du genre Gnophos Tr. Lambillionea, 51, 6 - 37." type="journal article" year="1951">Wehrli, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs in the Nearctic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="779E8B96BB7AFFEBFF347E355319FB3E" pageId="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F3BD81DBB7AFFEBFF347E355319FB3E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1210]" pageId="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFF347E355138FD9B" bold="true" box="[199,315,518,543]" pageId="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Objectively, there are some problems in using the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFC3F7E355432FD9B" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[972,1073,518,543]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFC3F7E355432FD9B" box="[972,1073,518,543]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. In his bibliographical account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFD5C7E145370FDC4" author="Hemming" box="[687,883,551,576]" pageId="5" refString="Hemming, F. (1937) Hubner. A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hubner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frolich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schaffer. Vol. 1. Royal Entomological Society of London, London, 605 pp." type="book" year="1937">Hemming (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that the pages 305–431 of Hübner’s
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFF647E7A5243FDE6" box="[151,576,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="5">“Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge</emphasis>
|
||
[sic!]
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFD887E795288FDE5" box="[635,651,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="5">”</emphasis>
|
||
including the generic name
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFC387E79544BFDE5" box="[971,1096,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
|
||
most likely appeared in 1825. On this basis, he initiated an “Opinion” by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to establish his findings in order to stabilize nomenclature (ICZN 1943). When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFC377EBF5460FD20" author="Sauter" box="[964,1123,652,676]" pageId="5" refString="Sauter, W. (1990) Zur Systematik der Gnophos - Gruppe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 12, 328 - 343." type="journal article" year="1990">Sauter (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the genus name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFF647E9E5195FD42" authority="Curtis, 1826" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,406,685,710]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFF647E9E50FFFD42" box="[151,252,685,710]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFEF47E9E5195FD42" author="Curtis" box="[263,406,685,710]" pageId="5" refString="Curtis, J. (1826) British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. John Curtis, London, 197 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8148" type="book" year="1826">Curtis, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for several subgenera and species formerly belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFBCC7E9E5571FD42" authority="Treitschke, 1825" authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1825" box="[1087,1394,685,710]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnophos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFBCC7E9E54A7FD42" box="[1087,1188,685,710]" italics="true" pageId="5">Gnophos</emphasis>
|
||
Treitschke, 1825
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he obviously overlooked that
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFE3F7EFC524BFD62" box="[460,584,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFDA17EFD5302FD63" box="[594,769,718,743]" pageId="5" refString="Hubner, J. (1825) Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge [sic!]. Jakob Hubner, Augsburg, 127 pp. [pp. 305 - 431] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48607" type="book chapter">Hübner, [1825]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
should have been used, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFB7C7EFD553CFD63" author="Fletcher" box="[1167,1343,718,743]" pageId="5" refString="Fletcher, D. S. (1979) Geometroidea. In: Nye, I. W. B. (Ed.), The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1 - 243." type="book" year="1979">Fletcher (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already considered both
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFEBC7EC251C8FC8C" box="[335,459,753,776]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFDF27EDC5265FC8C" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[513,614,751,776]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFDF27EDC5265FC8C" box="[513,614,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid. However, since their
|
||
<typeStatus id="E03F66BFBB7AFFEBFC4E7EC353EEFC8C" box="[957,1005,752,776]" pageId="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFBA17EC3559BFC8C" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1799" box="[1106,1432,751,776]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucidaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFBA17EC35538FC8C" box="[1106,1339,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="5">Geometra mucidaria</emphasis>
|
||
Hübner
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, [1799] and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFEEF7F215206FCAE" authorityName="Denis & Schiffermuller" authorityYear="1775" box="[284,517,785,810]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Geometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFEEF7F215206FCAE" box="[284,517,785,810]" italics="true" pageId="5">Geometra obscurata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775 respectively, are currently treated as congeneric (
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFF537F0750CBFCCF" box="[160,200,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="5">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFF217F0051B1FCCF" author="Parsons" box="[210,434,818,843]" pageId="5" refString="Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, M. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, B. R. (1999) A Catalogue. In: Scoble, M. J. (Ed.). Geometrid Moths of the World: A catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vol. 1 & d 2. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood & Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1016 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Parsons
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFEC07F07516EFCCF" box="[307,365,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFE3B7F01522EFCCF" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[456,557,818,843]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFE3B7F01522EFCCF" box="[456,557,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFD9A7F0752E5FCCF" box="[617,742,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
|
||
must be considered to be synonyms. For
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFB387F075544FCCF" box="[1227,1351,820,843]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
|
||
, to our knowledge, there are only four sources in which it has been used according to Article 23.9.1.1. ICZN after 1899 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFF6D7F455126FC0A" author="Prout" box="[158,293,886,910]" pageId="5" refString="Prout, L. B. (1904) The generic separation of " Gnophos " obfuscata from glaucinaria. The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 16, 121 - 122." type="journal article" year="1904">Prout 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFEC47F4651E6FC0A" author="Oberthur" box="[311,485,885,910]" pageId="5" refString="Oberthur, C. (1913) Suite de la Revision des Phalenites decrites par A. Guenee dans le Species General. Etudes de lepidopterologie comparee, 7, 237 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8792" type="journal article" year="1913">Oberthür 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFE057F455279FC0A" author="Prout" box="[502,634,885,910]" pageId="5" refString="Prout, L. B. (1912 - 1916) The Palaearctic Geometrae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), The Macrolepidoptera of the World. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 479. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61923" type="book" year="1912">
|
||
Prout
|
||
<date id="4B3AFEDDBB7AFFEBFDB27F465279FC0A" box="[577,634,885,910]" pageId="5" value="1912" valueMax="1916">1912</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1916,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFD207F45535AFC0A" author="Prout" box="[723,857,886,910]" pageId="5" refString="Prout, L. B. (1914) H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute. Geometridae (Lep.). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 3, 236 - 249, 259 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5086" type="journal article" year="1914">Prout 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Apart from the general list in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFB1B7F46559FFC0A" author="Fletcher" box="[1256,1436,885,910]" pageId="5" refString="Fletcher, D. S. (1979) Geometroidea. In: Nye, I. W. B. (Ed.), The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Vol. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 1 - 243." type="book" year="1979">Fletcher (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(according to Article 23.9.6. ICZN), more than 100 years have passed without
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFBEE7FA45499FC2A" box="[1053,1178,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
|
||
being used as a genus name. On the other hand, many authors have increasingly used
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFC9B7F8453CDFC54" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[872,974,951,976]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFC9B7F8453CDFC54" box="[872,974,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their publications since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFAF17F8B559FFC54" author="Sauter" box="[1282,1436,952,976]" pageId="5" refString="Sauter, W. (1990) Zur Systematik der Gnophos - Gruppe (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 12, 328 - 343." type="journal article" year="1990">Sauter (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and now the name is widely adopted, as exemplified in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFCCB7FEA547DFC76" author="Erlacher" box="[824,1150,985,1010]" pageId="5" refString="Erlacher, S. & Erlacher, J. (2017) Case 3731 - Charissa Curtis, 1826 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): proposed conservation by reversal of precedence with Hyposcotis Hubner, [1825]. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 74, 88 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.21805 / bzn. v 74. a 022" type="journal article" year="2017">Erlacher & Erlacher (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Nevertheless, the name
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFF647FCF5117FB97" box="[151,276,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hyposcotis</emphasis>
|
||
instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFE7C7FC951F7FB97" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[399,500,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFE7C7FC951F7FB97" box="[399,500,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recently used by two Turkish colleagues (
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFBF37FCF542BFB97" box="[1024,1064,1020,1043]" italics="true" pageId="5">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFBDC7FC9552AFB97" author="Kemal" box="[1071,1321,1018,1043]" pageId="5" refString="Kemal, M. & Kocak A. O. (2015) First annotated list of the Lepidoptera recorded in Hazro district (Diyarbakir Prov., SE Turkey). Cesa News, 109, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2015">Kemal & Koçak 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFAC77FC95127FBB1" author="Kemal" pageId="5" refString="Kemal, M. & Kocak, A. O. (2016) On the Geometridae fauna of Bahcesaray district, together with some morphological and eco-faunistical notes (Van Province, East Turkey) (Lepidoptera). Priamus, 14 (2), 76 - 119." type="journal article" year="2016">Kemal & Koçak 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Even if this seems unnecessary, it is in accordance with a strict interpretation of the ICZN (2017). To avoid taxonomic instability and confusion amongst the scientific community it was decided to refer this matter to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature for a ruling under the plenary power (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFAEA786D513FFB1C" author="Erlacher" pageId="5" refString="Erlacher, S. & Erlacher, J. (2017) Case 3731 - Charissa Curtis, 1826 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae): proposed conservation by reversal of precedence with Hyposcotis Hubner, [1825]. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 74, 88 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.21805 / bzn. v 74. a 022" type="journal article" year="2017">Erlacher & Erlacher 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to § 23.9.3. ICZN the prevailing usage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F884A39EBB7AFFEBFC48784C54B5FB1C" authority="Curtis, 1826" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1826" box="[955,1206,1151,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Charissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0DF0040FBB7AFFEBFC48784C5423FB1C" box="[955,1056,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="5">Charissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B15A5ECBB7AFFEBFBDA784C54B5FB1C" author="Curtis" box="[1065,1206,1151,1176]" pageId="5" refString="Curtis, J. (1826) British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from nature of the most rare and beautiful species, and in many instances of the plants upon which they are found. John Curtis, London, 197 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8148" type="book" year="1826">Curtis, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is to be maintained while the case is under consideration (nomen protectum).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |