241 lines
26 KiB
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241 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F665898ABE8969580C5C88FB522F091A">The Afrotropical Miomantiscaffra Saussure 1871 and M. paykullii Stal 1871: first records of alien mantid species in Portugal and Europe, with an updated checklist of Mantodea in Portugal (Insecta: Mantodea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8993BE0D9D189A77495ADAA4B083FA2A">Marabuto, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8461656283B627BC7E22D0D4A707DC82">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6FD0CEA3558467A9B62EBA1458418A9E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="DD848DF342E02DB7D5C836BDED4A52BC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="070FC4DE180629E4893744B46F234EB7" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e4117</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99DB708C19919FAB98C7EDD4B8B56987" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--4117</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName id="A3A11060DDAFEEBB844739600ECFFF4F" ID-CoL="43L39" ID-ENA="2033281" authority="Saussure, 1871" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Miomantidae" genus="Miomantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Miomantis caffra" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffra">Miomantis caffra Saussure, 1871</taxonomicName>
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Type status:
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; Taxon: genus: Miomantis; specificEpithet: caffra; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Saussure, 1871; Location: continent: Europe; country:
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<collectingCountry id="C181E2FEAFD5F44C669247980F23A376" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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; countryCode: PT; stateProvince: Lisboa; county: Cascais; municipality: Carcavelos; locality:
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<collectingDate id="45E59F9EA12E431FEEB74C86059B16CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" value="2014-09-09">2014-09-09</collectingDate>
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; habitat: garden
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<materialsCitation id="F952A19F9B70B68527E019E6B0C06255" collectingDate="2014-09-20" collectingMethod="ad hoc observation" collectorName="Eduardo Marabuto" country="Portugal" latitude="38.696" location="Quinta do Marques" longitude="-9.329" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; Taxon: genus: Miomantis; specificEpithet: caffra; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Saussure, 1871; Location: continent: Europe; country:
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<collectingCountry id="021585935C233CBF8E5C58F974220712" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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Quinta do
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; habitat: garden
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<materialsCitation id="5F842449A8F3411F67D0F31655AE4CC1" collectingDate="2014-09-22" collectingMethod="ad hoc observation" collectorName="Eduardo Marabuto" country="Portugal" latitude="38.701" location="Sao Miguel das Encostas" longitude="-9.336" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName id="6C2F5AC50F329E7AC623DCDCCA61F75C" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Eduardo Marabuto</collectorName>
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<specimenType id="36E1C365A3096E26638ECC2159BE314A" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">male</specimenType>
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; Taxon: genus: Miomantis; specificEpithet: caffra; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Saussure, 1871; Location: continent: Europe; country:
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<collectingCountry id="01CCD6D41F0607BFEDD28323CD1B2643" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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; countryCode: PT; stateProvince: Lisboa; county: Cascais; municipality: Carcavelos; locality:
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Miguel das Encostas
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; Event: samplingProtocol:
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<collectingMethod id="0A29D527095D91026D58849BAA1942D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">ad hoc observation</collectingMethod>
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate id="9435944A31B79639823F522DA2BDB65F" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" value="2014-09-22">2014-09-22</collectingDate>
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; habitat: garden
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="526ED363AD12EC5F628975829BA54089" collectingDate="2014-09-27" collectingMethod="ad hoc observation" collectorName="Eduardo Marabuto" country="Portugal" latitude="38.701" location="Sao Miguel das Encostas" longitude="-9.336" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus id="783633A2D85953E33C2334228E37FB91" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName id="D8E2E74237080EE1E44C2A028EE66806" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Eduardo Marabuto</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenType id="0DC942321362AA6864F1049EB67C7C9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">male</specimenType>
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; Taxon: genus: Miomantis; specificEpithet: caffra; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Saussure, 1871; Location: continent: Europe; country:
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<collectingCountry id="120CAEA83B2510AF4CC34620B5EEB04C" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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; countryCode: PT; stateProvince: Lisboa; county: Cascais; municipality: Carcavelos; locality:
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Miguel das Encostas
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</location>
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; verbatimElevation:
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; Event: samplingProtocol:
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<collectingMethod id="7CFB306A0ED57103FE9C16E25950A029" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">ad hoc observation</collectingMethod>
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate id="919BFB8B13420F919E4604881A5B2246" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" value="2014-09-27">2014-09-27</collectingDate>
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; habitat: garden
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1E777012FC55892BF5AF3E96E65816B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4462A78DD31D40FBD0C5ABED1DB4A972" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0C4CC6CA436A96979E9C4EF12D83107" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">
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Adapted from
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<bibRefCitation id="BD6131DCC5113E407F712F33E7DCD039" author="Giglio-Tos, E." journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="1 - 707" title="Orthoptera. Mantidae" volume="50" year="1927">Giglio-Tos (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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, who placed it as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="6AED54952D4482F73A97ECAC6EBCEE46" lsidName="M. monacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" rank="species" species="monacha">M. monacha</taxonomicName>
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(Fabricius, 1787) and
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<bibRefCitation id="5A277A28585F0CF716B2881872AEDB5D" author="Ramsay, W. G." journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="1 - 96" title="Mantodea (Insecta) with a review of aspects of functional morphology and biology." volume="19" year="1990">Ramsay (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. Small or medium-sized species. Male green-coloured (occasionally brown) but distal part of pronotum may be obscured reddish brown. Wing hyaline except green area along space between radial and medial veins and pale, often contrasting radial vein. Female larger, stouter, pastel green with opaque green forewing and yellow hindwing. Head broader than the pronotum, especially in the male. Eye prominent globular bulging, more apparent in male. Pronotum slender, as long as or longer than fore coxa and smooth in male, finely toothed in female. Forewing distally dilated and exceeding the tip of the abdomen and cerci in male, much shorter not reaching the tip of abdomen in female. Foreleg patterned with inner coxa bearing 4-6 dark spots and finely toothed with 5-6 spaced small spines, stronger in female. Femur with 2-3 dark spots interiorly, 4 discoidal and 4 external spines. Fore tibia with 7 external spines. body length: 40-43mm; pronotum length: 10-13mm in male, to 16mm in female; forewing length 31mm in male, 22mm in female.
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</paragraph>
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<subSection id="42B3E556940EE26BBD3834CC3062A4F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" type="portuguese specimens">
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<paragraph id="B6C7F138478FEDFA8E7161EC4BDA72A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Portuguese specimens</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73AECFF795D2BF6605C7D12A122EF24E" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">
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The six observed and collected individuals of
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<taxonomicName id="AB0501912B763C10C2E42F5AAE4F3FFF" lsidName="M. caffra" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" rank="species" species="caffra">M. caffra</taxonomicName>
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are adult specimens found by porch lights at night. All are identical in pattern and therefore only the first is described, while measurements are also given for the remainder. It is a match for the description in
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<bibRefCitation id="99EF2AB8D9F9701BD67159203F05B391" author="Giglio-Tos, E." journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="1 - 707" title="Orthoptera. Mantidae" volume="50" year="1927">Giglio-Tos 1927</bibRefCitation>
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but particularly
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<bibRefCitation id="5F8D2F77CF6B66946D40D37DD57243C5" author="Ramsay, W. G." journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="1 - 96" title="Mantodea (Insecta) with a review of aspects of functional morphology and biology." volume="19" year="1990">Ramsay 1990</bibRefCitation>
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and is represented in Fig. 2. This specimen is bright green with metazone (distal section of pronotum) and femora with a pale reddish brown suffusion. Forewings are hyaline except the green radial-medial and a pronounced white medial vein. Head bears large bulging and round eyes and does not appear depressed as
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<taxonomicName id="1A1B02F2F40CE4E8276871D3F8EB3264" lsidName="M. paykullii" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" rank="species" species="paykullii">M. paykullii</taxonomicName>
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. Abdomen upperside is bright yellow. Raptorial forelegs bear the typical spine scheme and pattern of the genus and species: 5-6, 4, 7 with 4 dark spots on coxae and 3 prominent black femoral spots and darkened spines. Biometrics, n=6: pronotum length: 11 (10-11)mm; whole body length: 37 (36-38) mm; forewing length: 29 (27-31) mm; fore-leg length measurements - coxa: 7 (6-7)mm, femur: 9 (8-9)mm, tibia: 5 (4-5)mm; ratio forewing/ pronotum length: 2.7 (2.7-2.8).
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF0972B3B762637CECA4E6A8C13FBEEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="212A479726757EFED5122D8CB156A5EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3ACBE13454FAF1059AF572D71DBEDCA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">
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Originally endemic to the extreme south of Africa in South Africa and Mozambique. Original area spans from Cape of Good Hope to Maputo Bay, the former Transvaal province and Natal (
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<bibRefCitation id="52D0D4A303B7F50CFBB63BC2699B44B7" author="Giglio-Tos, E." journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="1 - 707" title="Orthoptera. Mantidae" volume="50" year="1927">Giglio-Tos 1927</bibRefCitation>
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). Now,
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<taxonomicName id="73BC4EDB27CDE6EFA8CD13E78092A587" lsidName="M. caffra" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" rank="species" species="caffra">M. caffra</taxonomicName>
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is an alien and spreading species in New Zealand's North Island around Auckland (
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<bibRefCitation id="5FC833C9406A11E2131261EAA402FEE0" author="Ramsay, G. W." journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="102 - 104" title="Miomantiscaffra, a new mantid record (Mantodea: Mantidae) for New Zealand" volume="8" year="1984">Ramsay 1984</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A625A97F65A963847D99F4692F3ED0C3" author="Ramsay, W. G." journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="1 - 96" title="Mantodea (Insecta) with a review of aspects of functional morphology and biology." volume="19" year="1990">Ramsay 1990</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<subSection id="BC0FEF7E9999DCD47BA24E1650DBC9BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" type="recorded habitats and distribution in portugal">
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<paragraph id="4B2C887A9B285D3C6FD03E292DBC77D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Recorded habitats and distribution in Portugal</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C44D815018F5F7CA8DAA23F0616C22A" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">
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The area surrounding sightings of
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<taxonomicName id="9838576A25C22B81DE4804BE0D4C0821" lsidName="M. caffra" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" rank="species" species="caffra">M. caffra</taxonomicName>
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is a suburban neighbourhood where managed gardens are abundant.
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<taxonomicName id="02B972F0A94DE2371179814EF2C8CB69" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paspalum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Paspalum</taxonomicName>
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spp. lawns are widespread interspersed with stands of
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<taxonomicName id="4EB371B66B414E1361735E68C0970BAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana camara" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camara">Lantana camara</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="6618BBF08A5BCCB798B7979B58325882" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" genus="Pittosporum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pittosporum tobira" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tobira">Pittosporum tobira</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E2650959DAE28516D381DFF649866F06" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Yucca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Yucca aloifolia" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aloifolia">Yucca aloifolia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F49E1C87DC694D0277AB195F2F20420D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Nerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nerium oleander" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleander">Nerium oleander</taxonomicName>
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and cultivated
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<taxonomicName id="8803689EA4A7689A7B7FBDD6C5C4638F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rosa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa</taxonomicName>
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spp. Other widely planted exotic species include
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|
<taxonomicName id="1C1FF93472AF814C6459B4532C316177" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Buxaceae" genus="Buxus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Buxus sempervirens" order="Buxales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sempervirens">Buxus sempervirens</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName id="694FE2A6E82E2F4F6666F679E87C9315" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Ligustrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ligustrum ovalifolium" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalifolium">Ligustrum ovalifolium</taxonomicName>
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|
,
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|
<taxonomicName id="81C076F07C71DCE3F8806BC57AF9E902" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Phoenix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phoenix canariensis" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canariensis">Phoenix canariensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="653E2FA973C161076C33B2F3F9F08B58" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hibiscus" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hibiscus</taxonomicName>
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|
spp. Such gardens are watered every night and the whole environment contrasts with natural vegetation types. Here, the natural series would be a meso-thermomediterranean xerothermophilous vegetation adapted to a limestone substrates, the woodland series Arisaro clusii- Querco broteroi sigmetum, typical of western Portugal (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="AF067492E33CABF7A047930D49CF7329" author="Mesquita, S." journalOrPublisher="Quercetea" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="65 - 81" title="Sintra Vegetation and Landscape" volume="7" year="2005">Mesquita et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Climax stands of this vegetation series are scarce and the more open and thermic seral stages occupy the now few but biodiverse fragmented areas.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSection>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DFAB30827EE02AF74FA43D8FE73E132F" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="2CA39CC08315CCC2C7118168458CD788" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">Ecology</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9481D21E3BE019EEA7ED9345777413A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117">
|
|
All from
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0231C145E39BB37874FB8D6CCD08C830" author="Ramsay, W. G." journalOrPublisher="Fauna of New Zealand" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" pagination="1 - 96" title="Mantodea (Insecta) with a review of aspects of functional morphology and biology." volume="19" year="1990">Ramsay (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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|
. Overall similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="03E9A392E625AAB5C89EF9F500CE1019" lsidName="M. paykullii" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" rank="species" species="paykullii">M. paykullii</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Presumably a generalist and adaptive species with a preference for warm-temperate situations.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0D8697379CFDCCBB695F34388E66F7EC" lsidName="M. caffra" pageId="0" pageNumber="4117" rank="species" species="caffra">M. caffra</taxonomicName>
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|
is annual and females live longer than males as most of the latter are eaten during copulation. Development time is variable and nymphs do not synchronise emergence, reaching adult stage at different times, not necessarily depending on temperature. While males are capable of oriented flight and are attracted to lights, females only glide, at best.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |