370 lines
41 KiB
XML
370 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3996A5E60A71E2C556565A972503FE1D">Revisiting the identity and distribution of Allspice (Myrtaceae), a misidentified spice in India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5293BC75622A04899E641590A4C09AC7">Nissar, Vettathukattil Abdulgafoor Muhammed</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0503208EECF236F1135C1F604079E5A9">Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode- 673 012, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="02DFA8FE135CBF7CFE1B1863A789F2E2" type="email">muhammednissar@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9F12F2C9F4343940306C989E4A9080FF">Rajagopal, Sivaranjani</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C6354377B5DEA46E3B6CFEB243C9C137">Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode- 673 012, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9882C9D5B5ACAC8BC2BB74793AA63350">Mana, Harinarayanan Cheruppoyilath</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D01ECFB478A43D5A5F21C1672264E36B">Pharmacognosy Division, Centre for Medicinal Plants Research, Arya Vaidya Sala, Kottakkal, Malappuram, Kerala - 676 503, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="694BCF09D04E138E449EEF6A1E4256D0" type="email">cmhari86@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6C3F2E1A8AC868AE7078D23BB8032E03">Payatatti, Vijesh Kumar Illathidath</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D44BA31B22E8FC642E3466A694066ABC">Prabhukumar, Konickal Mambetta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC93299E604EA805A5B9BC6436B3C437">PDSH Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, PIN 226001, Uttar Pradesh</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="93BEC97F391E42C690190B37D7390717">Jagadamma, Rema</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B2264471616AC18ED14C07B5F3A8E01">Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode- 673 012, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0EC69F0F9170DD57DAF7B9964B1C2F50">Saji, Koryampallil Vijayan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="708941B220CB7B5628A1A3EBEF230DFA">Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode- 673 012, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9FAD60EDC94445312F47AA30296951D5">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="19C0640F953D944660E1B11D2A4DDC94">
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<mods:date id="421E8ABF15869F5FC2A2ACFFBCD24244">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6E553A148577EE28C17C5B7F10C5C984">2024-06-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ABFECE3D566FAAAAE8A4A55A8C2A09F2">653</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E51BBAEBF835666531412922E4995E06">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A585F30C8D0FA45EE5EE4EA2BEEE0F73">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.653.3.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="55C5A045132F6A2EAF20C89EF1768A0F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E774B3AB72E02234180AA9DBCF93690E" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.653.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="324C8819107EEC96F987D70F32AD98DE" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A27E87F1FF85FF924DDBA13F5DF2EE4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13520961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A27E87F1FF85FF924DDBA13F5DF2EE4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A27E87F1FF85FF924DDBA13F5DF2EE4F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<subSubSection id="62CD656CFF85FF944DDBA13F5F1BEB5C" box="[136,820,1052,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF85FF944DDBA13F5F1BEB5C" blockId="2.[136,820,1052,1079]" box="[136,820,1052,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<heading id="7120818BFF85FF944DDBA13F5F1BEB5C" bold="true" box="[136,820,1052,1079]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944DDBA13F5F1BEB5C" bold="true" box="[136,820,1052,1079]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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Morphological key to delineate
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<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF85FF944F53A13F5EA5EB5D" ID-CoL="4HWS4" authorityName="J. W. Moore" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[512,650,1052,1078]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
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<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944F53A13F5EA5EB5D" bold="true" box="[512,650,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">P. racemosa</emphasis>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF85FF944F80A13F5F1BEB5C" authority="(L.) Merr." box="[723,820,1052,1079]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
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<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944F80A13F5F1BEB5C" bold="true" box="[723,820,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">P. dioica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="62CD656CFF85FF944DDBA1425985EBA6" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" type="key">
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<keyStep id="91232E42FF85FF944DDBA1425985EBA6" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<key id="5E4661D6FF85FF944DDBA1425985EBA6" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF85FF944DDBA1425984EBF9" blockId="2.[136,1451,1120,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<keyLead id="912695D2FF85FF944DDBA1425984EBF9" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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1a. Hypanthium densely pubescent, calyx and corolla 5-lobed, persistent calyx lobes closely arranged without exposing the receptacle portion in fruit, 1–2 seed per fruit ..........................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF85FF944804A15D5984EBF9" box="[1367,1451,1149,1171]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
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<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944804A15D5984EBF9" box="[1367,1451,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">P. dioica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF85FF944DDBA1B95985EBA6" blockId="2.[136,1451,1120,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<keyLead id="912695D2FF85FF944DDBA1B95985EBA6" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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1b. Hypanthium glabrous, calyx and corolla 4-lobed, persistent calyx lobes laxly arranged, exposing the receptacle portion in fruit, 3–6 seeds per fruit ...................................................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF85FF944865A19B5985EBA6" authorityName="J. W. Moore" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[1334,1450,1208,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
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<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944865A19B5985EBA6" box="[1334,1450,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">P. racemosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</key>
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</keyStep>
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<subSubSection id="62CD656CFF85FF944DDBA1D85921EA7D" box="[136,1294,1275,1302]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF85FF944DDBA1D85921EA7D" blockId="2.[136,1294,1275,1302]" box="[136,1294,1275,1302]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<heading id="7120818BFF85FF944DDBA1D85921EA7D" box="[136,1294,1275,1302]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF85FF944DDBA1D85F30EA7E" ID-CoL="4HWS4" authority="(Miller 1768: 5) J. W. Moore (1933: 33)" authorityName="J. W. Moore" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityPageNumber="5" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[136,799,1275,1302]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
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<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944DDBA1D85D71EA7D" bold="true" box="[136,350,1275,1302]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">Pimenta racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Miller 1768: 5) J.W. Moore (1933: 33)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF85FF944E6EA1D85921EA7D" authority="Miller (1768: 5)" authorityName="Miller" authorityPageNumber="5" authorityYear="1768" box="[829,1294,1275,1302]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Caryophyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944E6EA1D8587CEA7E" box="[829,1107,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">Caryophyllus racemosus</emphasis>
|
||
Miller (1768: 5)
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62CD656CFF85FF954DDBA0005CF2EDDB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="211" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF85FF944DDBA0005D7AEA37" blockId="2.[136,1451,1315,1373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF85FF944DDBA0005CEDEA53" bold="true" box="[136,194,1315,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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<typeStatus id="F56C8845FF85FF944DDBA0005C91EA53" box="[136,190,1315,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="52C07677FF85FF944D95A0005DBAEA52" box="[198,405,1315,1337]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">Antigua and Barbuda</collectingCountry>
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, Miller., herbarium at
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<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF85FF944F3AA0005EA1EA53" box="[617,654,1315,1336]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">BM</collectionCode>
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(
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<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF85FF944FC9A0005EEFEA52" box="[666,704,1315,1337]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">BM</collectionCode>
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000953736). [Link: https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/3268e9dd-7097-4230-ad37- 99fa4c921778].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF85FF944DDBA0A658A8E74D" blockId="2.[136,1452,1412,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="210">
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Tree up to
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<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944C59A0A65D69EAF4" box="[266,326,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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high. Young twigs glabrous, light green, usually 4-angled flattened at petiole juncture, becoming grey-brown and terete at maturity; trunk greyish brown, bark smooth and papery-flaky. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile to shortly petiolate; petiole to
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<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944CEAA0EE5E1AEA8C" box="[441,565,1485,1511]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="cm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 cm</quantity>
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||
long; blades obovate to elliptic, 4.5–10 ×
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF94495BA0EE58A8EA8C" box="[1032,1159,1484,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="cm" value="3.95" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="2.2">2.2 –5.7cm</quantity>
|
||
, slightly discolorous, dark green becoming gray adaxially when dried, light green on the abaxial side, stiffly coriaceous at maturity, both surfaces punctuate, glossy and glabrous, entire margin slightly revolute in fresh material, undulating in dry material, apex acute to obtuse, base cuneate. Secondary veins
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944F0CA31B5E91E938" box="[607,702,1592,1619]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart, 10–12 pairs per blade, held at an angle of c. 60° relative to the mid-vein; marginal vein c. 1.0 mm from the margin at the midpoint, tertiary veins conspicuous on the abaxial side; midvein canaliculate adaxially, keeled abaxially; crushed leaves have a blended aroma of clove and cinnamon. Inflorescence a panicle with 20–100 flowers,
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944FC1A3865EF1E9D4" box="[658,734,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8cm</quantity>
|
||
long, sub-terminal, rachis mostly glabrous, with white-grayish simple trichomes on the apical portion and in the axils of branches; branches opposite terminating in dichasia; peduncle glabrous. Bracteoles linear,
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944C93A3CE5E39E86C" box="[448,534,1773,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3mm</quantity>
|
||
long, caducous before flower anthesis; floral bud clavate, constricted between the ovary and hypanthium, mature buds to c.
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944F0DA2335EB7E840" box="[606,664,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
|
||
long, densely covered in white hairs. Flower hermaphrodite,
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF94481DA2335983E840" box="[1358,1452,1808,1835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam. Hypanthium glabrous, 1.5–2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944F61A2175E88E824" box="[562,679,1844,1871]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, slightly extended above ovary summit. Corolla free, 5-merous, c. 4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944DF3A27A5CCDE818" box="[160,226,1881,1907]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Sepals pale green, sometimes dark gray in dried material, dentate, opening to a star shape at anthesis, lobes c. 1× c.
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944C70A25E5D49E8FC" box="[291,358,1917,1943]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, apex acute, base truncate, internally and externally covered in white hairs. Petals white, obovate, reflexed at anthesis, externally pubescent, internally mostly glabrous, apex rounded, base truncate, 3.5–4 × 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF9448DAA2835C98E8B4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Staminal ring pubescent, 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944F40A2E75E4DE8B4" box="[531,610,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; stamens ca.
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944E69A2E65F5BE8B5" box="[826,884,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="in" value="90.0">90 in</quantity>
|
||
number, anthers
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF94496AA2E758A1E8B5" box="[1081,1166,1988,2014]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6mm</quantity>
|
||
long; style
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF944846A2E65944E8B4" box="[1301,1387,1989,2015]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8mm</quantity>
|
||
long, filiform. Ovary bilocular, free apical placentation, ca. 10 ovules. Fruits subglobose,
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF85FF94497AA2CA588EE768" box="[1065,1185,2025,2051]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="210" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam. with persistent calyx lobes, glabrous and purple when mature. Seeds 3–6, brown to black and sub-globose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF84FF954DEEA5BD5CF2EDDB" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954DEEA5BD5DA0EFD3" bold="true" box="[189,399,158,184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Taxonomic notes:</emphasis>
|
||
From the specimens collected and images took from different locations of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF95498AA5BD5909EFD3" box="[1241,1318,158,184]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF954862A5BD5988EFD3" box="[1329,1447,158,184]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF954DDBA5E15D3EEFB7" box="[136,273,194,220]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF954C4DA5E15D85EFB7" box="[286,426,194,220]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Goa, it is confirmed that the species widely cited as allspice in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52C07677FF84FF9549EFA5E158D9EFB7" box="[1212,1270,194,220]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954849A5E0598BEFB7" authorityName="J. W. Moore" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[1306,1444,195,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954849A5E0598BEFB7" box="[1306,1444,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Herbarium specimens housed at various herbaria
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954F90A5C45ECDEE6B" box="[707,738,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954FA0A5C45F2DEE6A" box="[755,770,231,257]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954E43A5C45F08EE6A" box="[784,807,231,257]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954E66A5C45F67EE6A" box="[821,840,231,257]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954E04A5C55F41EE6B" box="[855,878,230,256]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954E2EA5C45F8AEE6A" box="[893,933,231,257]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">BR</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954EE0A5C55FC1EE6B" box="[947,1006,230,256]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">CAL</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954EAFA5C45803EE6A" box="[1020,1068,231,257]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">MH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954969A5C55851EE6B" box="[1082,1150,230,256]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14488" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14488" name="University of Calicut" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">CALI</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF9549DFA5C558E2EE6B" box="[1164,1229,230,256]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15400" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15400" name="National Botanical Research Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">LWG</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954989A5C55904EE6B" box="[1242,1323,230,256]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5fiw-1xnw" name="Centre for Medicinal Plants Research" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">CMPR</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF95486AA5C45956EE6A" box="[1337,1401,231,257]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vj5p-iy27" name="Kerala Forest Research Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">KFRI</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954DDBA4295CFEEE4F" box="[136,209,266,292]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">TBGT</collectionCode>
|
||
confirmed that the identity of so called ‘allspice’ in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52C07677FF84FF954E17A4295F51EE4F" box="[836,894,266,292]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954EF8A4285817EE4F" authorityName="J. W. Moore" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[939,1080,267,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954EF8A4285817EE4F" box="[939,1080,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allows us to assert that all the previous reports regarding the identity and distribution of true allspice (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954EBEA40C587EEE23" box="[1005,1105,302,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954EBEA40C587EEE23" box="[1005,1105,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. dioica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were based on the erroneous identifications at species level associated to data produced by different workers in their publication. Being an exotic, cultivated species, the representation of specimens in herbaria is confined to very few sheets. During the herbarium survey, we found a collection housed at Madras Herbarium (
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954E68A4B95F44EEDF" box="[827,875,410,436]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">MH</collectionCode>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954EFFA4B95FD9EEDF" box="[940,1014,410,436]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14234" name="Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">TBGT</collectionCode>
|
||
, by
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF95497BA4B8586BEEDE" box="[1064,1092,411,437]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
. Mohanan in
|
||
<date id="5E691027FF84FF9549B2A4B95984EEDF" box="[1249,1451,410,436]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" value="1979-02-20">20 February 1979</date>
|
||
from the Bonacuad region of Agasthyamala, Trivandrum district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF954E23A49D5F92EEB3" box="[880,957,446,472]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, that perfectly matched
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF95499DA49C591EEEB3" box="[1230,1329,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF95499DA49C591EEEB3" box="[1230,1329,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. dioica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Coll. No. 59334; Acc. No.
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954C14A4C15D5AEE97" box="[327,373,482,508]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">MH</collectionCode>
|
||
00230332). We visited the locality and confirmed the identity after examination of the flowering and fruiting specimens.
|
||
<collectionCode id="4CC6AE22FF84FF954CCAA7255D83ED4B" box="[409,428,518,544]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
study of the leaf essential oil profile of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954E2FA724591CED4B" authority="(Pragadheesh et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Pragadheesh" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[892,1331,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954E2FA7245829ED4B" box="[892,1030,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E464B16FF84FF954944A7255903ED4B" author="Pragadheesh, V. S. & Yadav, A. & Singh, S. C. & Gupta, N. & Chanotiya, C. S." box="[1047,1324,518,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" pagination="118 - 121" refId="ref5930" refString="Pragadheesh, V. S., Yadav, A., Singh, S. C., Gupta, N. & Chanotiya, C. S. (2013) Leaf essential oil of cultivated Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) JW Moore from North India: Distribution of phenylpropanoids and chiral terpenoids. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 2 (1): 118 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.4172 / 2167 - 0412.1000118" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Pragadheesh
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF9549FCA72458CDED4B" box="[1199,1250,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
planted at the CSIR-CIMAP campus, Lucknow, was published with the correct identity. Reference of the taxonomic key and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F56C8845FF84FF954DE6A76C5CCAED02" box="[181,229,591,617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens suggests that the variety of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954FE4A76C5F6CED03" box="[695,835,591,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954FE4A76C5F6CED03" box="[695,835,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being grown in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52C07677FF84FF954959A76D586BED03" box="[1034,1092,590,616]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF95493FA76C598BED03" authority="var. racemosa" box="[1132,1444,591,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="racemosa" variety="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF95493FA76C58D6ED03" box="[1132,1273,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954864A76C598BED03" box="[1335,1444,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954CB6A7505E67EDE7" box="[485,584,626,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954CB6A7505E67EDE7" box="[485,584,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. dioica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954FD2A7505F24EDE7" box="[641,779,627,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954FD2A7505F24EDE7" box="[641,779,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">P. racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given below (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6755035CFF84FF954E89A7515801EDE7" box="[986,1070,626,652]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[137,230,340,364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Distinguishing features of P. dioica and P. racemosa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EA8666FFF83FF924DDAA4775F13EE07" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" tableUuid="7EA8666FFF83FF924DDAA4775F13EE07">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) based on the literature and field studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62CD656CFF84FF924DEEA7995DF2EE4F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="212" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF84FF954DEEA7995DE7ECC7" blockId="3.[136,1452,158,940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954DEEA7995D76EDBF" bold="true" box="[189,345,698,724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954C32A7985E1BEDBF" box="[353,564,699,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954C32A7985E1BEDBF" box="[353,564,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Pimenta racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is grown mainly in the south Indian states of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF954911A79958A0EDBF" box="[1090,1167,698,724]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF9549CFA799593DEDBF" box="[1180,1298,698,724]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF95484DA7995988EDBF" box="[1310,1447,698,724]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Goa and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF84FF954DA3A7FD5D53ED93" box="[240,380,734,760]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
either as intercrops or as sole trees in homesteads under the wrong identity. The plant is often misidentified as allspice and the dried berries and leaves are harvested and sold in some places. The trees were found to grow well from sea level to an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="ED2F9B02FF84FF954F0DA6055E99EC2A" box="[606,694,806,833]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
. Profuse flowering and fruiting is observed in hill areas with cooler climate whereas in the plains it is sporadic or absent. Occasionally some trees are found to produce flowers and fruits at low elevations. The dried berries are traded as allspice though the volume is meager. The occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954862A64C59A1ECE3" authorityName="Lindley" authorityYear="1821" box="[1329,1422,879,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954862A64C59A1ECE3" box="[1329,1422,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Pimenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52C07677FF84FF954DDBA6B15CEDECC7" box="[136,194,914,940]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
is represented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2EC2A62FF84FF954CD4A6B15DE7ECC7" box="[391,456,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,234,2014,2036]" captionTargetId="figure-409@3.[293,1294,962,1987]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Pimenta in India." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13520959/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7EA8666FFF84FF954DDBA2FD5E6BE89F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13520959" box="[136,580,2014,2036]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13520959/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" startId="3.[136,234,2014,2036]" targetBox="[354,1239,985,1967]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF84FF954DDBA2FD5E6BE89F" blockId="3.[136,580,2014,2036]" box="[136,580,2014,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954DDBA2FD5D2CE898" bold="true" box="[136,259,2014,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF84FF954CCFA2FC5DC3E89F" authorityName="Lindley" authorityYear="1821" box="[412,492,2015,2036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="211" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF84FF954CCFA2FC5DC3E89F" box="[412,492,2015,2036]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="211">Pimenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in India.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A6836E7FF83FF924DEEA5BD5DF2EE4F" blockId="4.[136,1451,158,292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="212">
|
||
The present study reveals that true allspice (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF83FF924FF0A5BC5F2BEFD3" box="[675,772,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF83FF924FF0A5BC5F2BEFD3" box="[675,772,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="212">P. dioica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52C07677FF83FF924E7CA5BD5F46EFD3" box="[815,873,158,184]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="212">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
is, as far as we know, strictly confined to Bonacaud, Thiruvananthapuram district in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E813F805FF83FF924CBEA5E15E17EFB7" box="[493,568,194,220]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="212">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(two fruiting trees and a few seedlings) which could have been planted during the British ruling period. The distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF83FF924FA9A5C45F73EE6B" box="[762,860,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrtus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dioica">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF83FF924FA9A5C45F73EE6B" box="[762,860,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="212">P. dioica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDD74D64FF83FF924EC1A5C45834EE6B" box="[914,1051,231,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Pimenta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="212" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="18A3EAF5FF83FF924EC1A5C45834EE6B" box="[914,1051,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="212">P. racemosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given below (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6755035CFF83FF9249B0A5C55919EE6B" box="[1251,1334,230,256]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[137,230,340,364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Distinguishing features of P. dioica and P. racemosa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7EA8666FFF83FF924DDAA4775F13EE07" pageId="4" pageNumber="212" tableUuid="7EA8666FFF83FF924DDAA4775F13EE07">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) based on the literature and field studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |