263 lines
21 KiB
XML
263 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="933c9e4c-64f0-4c78-b531-8cdf35cfeed5" ID-PMC="PMC3260768" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-130-307" ID-PubMed="22259285" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-130-307" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 130" ModsDocTitle="New Chironomidae (Diptera) with elongate proboscises from the Late Jurassic of Mongolia" checkinTime="1451249862855" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lukashevich, Elena D. & Przhiboro, Andrey A." docDate="2011" docId="F584A9382F30D7D85A7C13897967DDA8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 130: 307-322" docOrigin="ZooKeys 130" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1555" docTitle="Cretaenne rasnicyni Azar, Veltz & Nel 2008, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="309" masterDocId="FFF25E04FFF721571631880EFFFE757E" masterDocTitle="New Chironomidae (Diptera) with elongate proboscises from the Late Jurassic of Mongolia" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="307" pageNumber="308" updateTime="1668152268990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Chironomidae (Diptera) with elongate proboscises from the Late Jurassic of Mongolia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lukashevich, Elena D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Przhiboro, Andrey A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>130</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>307</mods:start>
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<mods:end>322</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1555</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1555</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-130-307</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030926" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1F783221-19EE-43C3-8764-45B6B34E0CB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F584A9382F30D7D85A7C13897967DDA8" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="1" pageNumber="308">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="308" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1F783221-19EE-43C3-8764-45B6B34E0CB4" authority="Azar, Veltz & Nel, 2008" authorityName="Azar, Veltz & Nel" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne rasnicyni" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasnicyni">Cretaenne rasnicyni Azar, Veltz & Nel, 2008</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="308">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="308" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">Named in honour of an outstanding Russian palaeoentomologist Dr A.P. Rasnitsyn.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="308" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">
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Holotype: part and counterpart of well-preserved female PIN 4270/2379
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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, SW Mongolia, Shar Teg (443/1); Late Jurassic. Paratypes: impressions of two females PIN 4270/2367
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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, 2459, from the same outcrop.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="308" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">
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The new species is distinguished from both known species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretaenne</taxonomicName>
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by the longer proboscis (more than half of the head height and about twice the clypeus height) and the longer Rs stem.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="308" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">
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Female.
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<taxonomicName genus="Measurements" lsidName="Measurements" pageId="1" pageNumber="308" rank="genus">Measurements</taxonomicName>
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(mm): Total length 2.1-2.7 (holotype 2.3); thorax length ca. 0.8, width ca. 0.4; wing length 2.1-2.3 (holotype 2.1); abdomen length 1.35-1.8 (holotype 1.5). Total length / wing length 1.1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="1" pageNumber="308" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="308">Holotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="1" pageNumber="308">
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(Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
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).
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<taxonomicName genus="Coloration" lsidName="Coloration" pageId="1" pageNumber="308" rank="genus">Coloration</taxonomicName>
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. Thorax dark, abdomen and legs lighter, at least some legs with slightly darker apices of femora and tibiae. Head ca. 550
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, ca. 400
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high to lower eye margin. Scape ca. 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, pedicel ca. 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter. Clypeus ca. 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, ca. 250
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high. Proboscis with visible part ca. 350
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="309" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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possibly, without apex), tapering, sclerotized. Thorax. Postnotum wider than long, ca. 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, possibly with longitudinal median groove. Wing longer than abdomen, Sc clearly up to Rs level, thinning distally, possibly not reaching C (apical part of Sc not discernible). Vein C and radial veins strong, coloured (R2+3 thinner then others), as well as proximal sections of M and CuA, r-m and bM3+4. Long stem Rs subequal to r-m; R4+5 8-9 times as long as Rs; R2 distinctly longer than dR1. VR 1.1. Legs (lengths not measurable). Femora (mid- and hind) widened to apex, maximum 120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, with thin sclerotized ridge ventrally near apex. Tibiae (mid- and hind) apically 80-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Tarsi not preserved. Abdomen. Abdominal segments
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–V">II-V</normalizedToken>
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: ca. 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, 500-600
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Three large subequal oval sclerotized spermathecae 140-150
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, ca. 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, with necks (probably, short). Gonapophysis IX distinctly visible, sclerotized, with notum ca. 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide at anterior end, with rami ca. 60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long. Probable gonocoxites VIII (gonacoxapodemes?) visible as moderately sclerotized small oval lobes near posterior end of notum. Cerci short, hardly visible.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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Figure 1.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–h">a-h</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne rasnicyni" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasnicyni">Cretaenne rasnicyni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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holotype (a total habitus b abdominal apex c, d wings)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="e–f">e-f</normalizedToken>
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paratype PIN 4270/2367 (head and wing)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="g–h">g-h</normalizedToken>
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paratype PIN 4270/2459 (apex of midtibia and wing)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="i–l">i-l</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Podonomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podonomius blepharis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blepharis">Podonomius blepharis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype (i abdominal apex j hind tibial apex k wing l head and thorax)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="m–n">m-n</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Podonomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podonomius macromastix" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macromastix">Podonomius macromastix</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype (wing and head) o
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
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inc. sed., PIN 4270/2324; all from Shar Teg, J3. Scale bar 0.5 mm except for g, j without scale.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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Figure 2. Jurassic
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<taxonomicName family="Chironomidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne rasnicyni" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rasnicyni">Cretaenne rasnicyni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (a paratype PIN 4270/2367, female head under alcohol
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–c">b-c</normalizedToken>
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holotype b female habitus, positive impression under alcohol c wing, negative impression)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d–f">d-f</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Podonomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podonomius blepharis" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blepharis">Podonomius blepharis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype (d female head and thorax, negative impression under alcohol e female habitus, positive impression under alcohol f wing, negative impression under alcohol)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="g–h">g-h</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Podonomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podonomius macromastix" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macromastix">Podonomius macromastix</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype (female head and wing); all from Shar Teg, J3 i holotype of?
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Podonomius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podonomius rotundatus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundatus">Podonomius rotundatus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName genus="Kalugina" lsidName="Kalugina" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" rank="genus">Kalugina</taxonomicName>
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, 1985, Kubekovo, J2.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="309" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="309">Paratype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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(Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="e–h">e-h</normalizedToken>
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, 2a). Visible characters as in holotype, with following additions. Head preserved only in PIN 4270/2367, 650
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, 850
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high with proboscis, ca. 400
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high to lower eye margin. Eyes with medially narrowing dorsomedial extension, well separated by 60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Coronal triangle ca. 130
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high, ca. 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide; coronal suture clear, probably pair of poorly visible ocelli (ca. 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter) adjoining lower part ventrally to eye dorsomedial extension. Scape ca. 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, pedicel ca. 40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter. Flagellomeres (five distinctly visible lateral to eye margin) short-oval, 50-70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, 30-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Clypeus ca. 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, ca. 300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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high. Proboscis ca. 550
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, sclerotized, stylet-like, pointed, with blade-like tapered laciniae and mandibles, labrum apically more sclerotized. Palpi poorly visible, looking widened (ca. 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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in distal parts); visible parts of palpi reaching about 4/5 of proboscis. Thorax. Scutum weakly, evenly convex; anterior part ca. 300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Antepronotals narrowed medially. Scutellum ca. 120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long; postnotum ca. 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, 300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide, with distinct longitudinal median groove. Legs. Measurements (μm). p1(?): ti 880, ta1-5 1200; p2: ti 1375, ta1 750-850, ta2 ca. 400, ta3-5 ca. 700, LR2 0.55; p3: fe 1000, ti 1450-1500, ta1-5> 1250. Tibiae 60-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide near apex. Apices of mid-, hind tibiae with combs of separate spiniform setae (visible only in PIN 4270/2459): midtibia with no less than 3-4 slenderer setae ca. 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, hind tibia with no less than 3 thicker setae, longest ca. 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Hind tibia probably with two spurs, 70 and 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="309">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="309">The pattern of the female mouthparts is poorly visible in the holotype and unknown in paratype PIN 4270/2459; paratype PIN 4270/2367 has a well-preserved proboscis and its wing venation is very pale and incomplete; the setae at the tibial apices are distinctly visible only in paratype PIN 4270/2459; in both paratypes the spermathecae are not visible. Hence it is possible that these specimens are not conspecific. However, we suggest that all these specimens belong to the same species due to visible peculiarities of venation (particularly the long Rs stem and R2 position).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="310" pageId="2" pageNumber="309">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretaenne</taxonomicName>
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was described in the subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="309" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aenneinae">Aenneinae</taxonomicName>
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with reservations, due to the vein Sc not terminating in the wing margin and short Rs stem, as distinct from the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="310" start="start">type</pageBreakToken>
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genus of the subfamily,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenne" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenne</taxonomicName>
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Ansorge, 1999 from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic of Europe (
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<bibRefCitation author="Krzeminski, W" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="7" pageNumber="314" pagination="445 - 449" title="Aenne triassica sp. n., the oldest representative of the family Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera)." volume="68" year="1999">Krzeminski and Jarzembowski 1999</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Azar, D" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="314" pagination="688 - 699" title="Mandibulate chironomids: primitive or derived? (Diptera: Chironomidae)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00438.x" volume="33" year="2008">Azar et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). In the new species from Shar Teg, the stem Rs is long without doubt but Sc is clear only to the level of the first Rs bifurcation, then sharply thins out and possibly does not terminate in C, as seen in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretaenne</taxonomicName>
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. We did not reexamine the type material of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenne" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenne</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretaenne</taxonomicName>
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, but according to the published data, Rs length can vary within species: in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenne liasina" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liasina">Aenne liasina</taxonomicName>
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Ansorge, 1999, the relatively long Rs is longer or shorter than r-m (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ansorge, J" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="7" pageNumber="314" pagination="431 - 443" title="Aenne liasina gen. et sp. n. - the most primitive non biting midge (Diptera: Chironomidae: Aenneinae subfam. n.) from the Lower Jurassic of Germany." volume="68" year="1999">Ansorge 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: figs 6-7), whereas the distal thinning of Sc is not recorded. Consequently, the new species is described here as a member of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cretaenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretaenne" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretaenne</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to several features unknown for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenne" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenne</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described from isolated wings only), viz. a reduced hind tibial comb, the postnotum with a longitudinal groove, the structure of well-developed extended proboscis, and, probably, spurs on middle and hind tibia. Actually, biting mandibles were reported for the Mesozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aenne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aenne" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aenne</taxonomicName>
|
||
with reference to unpublished data of Cranston (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="310">Grimaldi and Engel 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 504).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |