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<document id="505DD77088A89EB998BA5569A3C1E88F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5391440" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630315127817" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise &amp; Monniot, Claude" docDate="2001" docId="F57D87A3FF5731B1E80EFA2AFEE61340" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2001.23.2.201-383.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 23 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Herdmania armata Monniot &amp; Monniot 2001, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="339" masterDocId="0944FFDBFFDF313BEB47FF93FFBE1602" masterDocTitle="Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1699223418854" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="02D0D233D7F950D2536FDCCFA53BAA5C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="05E879F8748B5EAB7196D0A1897568EF">
<mods:title id="E30E5933F634343F53EEBA5B79FC1A0A">Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FDA5F6E7215EC3E94D0D61ABB96BB084" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AB3D7A5376404C00A57FE92D18A5D3DB">
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<mods:namePart id="23ADFD8AB301E73DAAE21566D4151DDB">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BB3871F9BDE41499AB00F5885EE6C8A7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5DE9333DFB541590DF5D5284FECEC59D">Monniot, Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A5057267A58A19044EB2FA2498C2D5A0">UPESA 8044, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F- 75005 Paris (France) monniot @ mnhn. fr.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E180617F40DA347139A3A5D6023FDAA6" type="email">monniot@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="725512110FA883CC375621C52360638F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A550E40752A4A3EE0851E8410A9D3B58">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="23889E5E08BF5CB4C1A7DF927DA8D372">
<mods:date id="25606F214DE63ACAEF0829A1FE0ECE35">2001</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0E09D43B7695B960F246B32148C416B4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9EF098ED50A06CF23BF6584A04FC3C5D">23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5FBED7BB514A1899B3B8F41D07F2C3DE">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F28999D55C4D48A932A64DB87619EFA4">201</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="13B08E24A910A14149253D8A3C0E6B7C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5391440</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="71083050B3CE38C6CCC9BE8E44626458" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D7477A6D2A9A89CA07BCD70F12019EBB" type="Zenodo-Dep">5391440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F57D87A3FF5731B1E80EFA2AFEE61340" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5468111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5468111" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F57D87A3FF5731B1E80EFA2AFEE61340" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57D87A3FF5731B1E80EFA2AFEE61340" lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF5731B3E80EFA2AFBDE13D0" box="[841,1120,1464,1491]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5731B3E80EFA2AFBDE13D0" blockId="136.[841,1120,1464,1521]" box="[841,1120,1464,1491]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">
<heading id="262381D9FF5731B3E80EFA2AFBDE13D0" box="[841,1120,1464,1491]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF5731B3E80EFA2AFBA113D0" ID-CoL="3KYJK" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[841,1055,1464,1491]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF5731B3E80EFA2AFBA113D0" bold="true" box="[841,1055,1464,1491]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">Herdmania armata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF5731B3EF62FA2BFBDE13D0" box="[1061,1120,1464,1490]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF5731B3E81AFA44FBF213F3" box="[861,1100,1495,1521]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" type="description">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5731B3E81AFA44FBF213F3" blockId="136.[841,1120,1464,1521]" box="[861,1100,1495,1521]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">
(
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5731B3E823FA44FC7B13F3" box="[868,965,1495,1521]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="136.[151,162,758,775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1237,166,721]" captionTargetId="figure-359@136.[149,1242,159,726]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIG. 100. — Herdmania armata n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, oral tentacle; C, dorsal tubercle. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B, C, 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391645/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">Figs 100</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5731B3E896FA44FC4313F3" box="[977,1021,1495,1521]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="137.[375,386,1069,1086]" captionText="FIG. 101. — Herdmania armata n. sp., spicules. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 10 µm." pageId="136" pageNumber="337">101</figureCitation>
; 129E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF5731B3E98DF99DFBE01058" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5731B3E98DF99DFBE01058" blockId="136.[714,1247,1550,1666]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF5731B3E98DF99DFCCE1026" box="[714,880,1550,1573]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FF5731B3E98DF99DFD411026" box="[714,767,1550,1573]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">TYPE</typeStatus>
MATERIAL
</collectionCode>
. —
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF5731B3E8E4F99DFB3B1025" bold="true" box="[931,1157,1550,1575]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF5731B3E8E4F99DFBC11025" box="[931,1151,1550,1575]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Nivani, coarse sand and rubble,
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF5731B3E8FFF9BBFB971042" box="[952,1065,1576,1600]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="47.46" orientation="latitude" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" precision="9" value="-10.791">10°47.46’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF5731B3EF74F9BBFB0C1042" box="[1075,1202,1576,1600]" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="23.08" orientation="longitude" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" precision="9" value="152.38467">152°23.08’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF5731B3EFFAF9BBFCBE105A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">10- 18 m</quantity>
,
<date id="096A1075FF5731B3E84DF9D1FCCA1058" box="[778,884,1602,1626]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" value="1998-05-29">
29.
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF5731B3E86FF9D1FC821058" box="[808,828,1602,1626]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.1998
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF5731B3E8C5F9D1FC681058" box="[898,982,1602,1626]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">MNHN</collectionCode>
S2
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF5731B3E8BCF9D2FB91105A" box="[1019,1071,1601,1624]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h5q3-zsyc" name="Felix d'Herelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">HER</collectionCode>
20).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF5731B3E98DF9FAFB171080" box="[714,1193,1641,1666]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5731B3E98DF9FAFB171080" blockId="136.[714,1247,1550,1666]" box="[714,1193,1641,1666]" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">
ETYMOLOGY. — From the Latin
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF5731B3EF4BF9F9FBE61083" box="[1036,1112,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="337">armatus</emphasis>
: armed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="29AB663DFF5631B2EA30FBBEFBBE123C" box="[375,1024,1069,1086]" pageId="137" pageNumber="338" startId="137.[375,386,1069,1086]">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5631B2EA30FBBEFBBE123C" blockId="137.[375,1024,1069,1086]" box="[375,1024,1069,1086]" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">
FIG. 101. —
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF5631B2EA9BFBBEFDCA123C" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[476,628,1069,1086]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="137" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF5631B2EA9BFBBEFDCA123C" box="[476,628,1069,1086]" italics="true" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">Herdmania armata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF5631B2E93DFBBEFD12123C" box="[634,684,1069,1086]" pageId="137" pageNumber="338" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, spicules. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF5631B1EBD0FB14FF7415E0" lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="137" pageNumber="338" type="description">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5631B2EBD0FB14FE96129D" blockId="137.[151,684,1159,1666]" box="[151,296,1159,1185]" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5631B2EBD0FB34FD9B1040" blockId="137.[151,684,1159,1666]" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">
Two individuals were found on a sandy bottom, the largest
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF5631B2EA49FB5BFEED12E3" box="[270,339,1223,1250]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="137" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF5631B2EAB1FB5BFD8512E3" box="[502,571,1223,1250]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="137" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
in diameter. The tunic in life was dark brown, covered with epibionts, the internal surface of the siphons yellow (Fig. 129E) with a pink rim. Both siphons have a square section; they are far apart and diverging. The tunic is thick, leathery, very hard. All tissues of the body are filled with spindle-like spicules (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5631B2EBBDFA3BFEE713C0" box="[250,345,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="137.[375,386,1069,1086]" captionText="FIG. 101. — Herdmania armata n. sp., spicules. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 10 µm." pageId="137" pageNumber="338">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
), all parallel, giving a nacreous quality to the external side of the body wall. The muscles are strong but difficult to see through the opaque pale tissue. The internal and external sides of the siphons are tinted in red.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5631B2EBD0F9DBFB6812E3" blockId="137.[151,684,1159,1666]" lastBlockId="137.[714,1247,1159,1666]" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">
The tentacles are thick and flattened with thick ramifications of the first order and small ones of the second order. There are eight large, wellspaced tentacles (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5631B2E8C9FB3BFBBF12C0" box="[910,1025,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="136.[151,162,758,775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1237,166,721]" captionTargetId="figure-359@136.[149,1242,159,726]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIG. 100. — Herdmania armata n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, oral tentacle; C, dorsal tubercle. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B, C, 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391645/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">Fig. 100B</figureCitation>
) with eight smaller ones between them and small intermediate ones.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5631B2E98DFB7BFC5F1380" blockId="137.[714,1247,1159,1666]" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">
The prepharyngeal groove is thin and draws a deep dorsal V. The large dorsal tubercle occupies the whole space inside the V. It is pierced by numerous small holes, making a network of convoluted lines (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5631B2E825FAFBFC6B1380" box="[866,981,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="136.[151,162,758,775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1237,166,721]" captionTargetId="figure-359@136.[149,1242,159,726]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIG. 100. — Herdmania armata n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, oral tentacle; C, dorsal tubercle. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B, C, 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391645/files/figure.png" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">Fig. 100C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5631B1E98DFA1BFEFB1700" blockId="137.[714,1247,1159,1666]" lastBlockId="138.[151,684,167,994]" lastPageId="138" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="137" pageNumber="338">The branchial sac contains abundant spicules in the main transverse vessels. There are 14 overlapping folds on each side. In the middle of the branchial sac there is an average of 28 fully developed longitudinal vessels on the folds and eight between the folds. There are also smaller intermediate, flat longitudinal vessels. The transverse vessels are of several orders and as a result the stigmata are very small compared with the size of the branchial sac, with three to four in a mesh.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5531B1EBD0FE9BFE4B17A0" blockId="138.[151,684,167,994]" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">
The digestive tract occupies the whole left side of the body (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5531B1EA43FEBBFECB1740" box="[260,373,296,322]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="136.[151,162,758,775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1237,166,721]" captionTargetId="figure-359@136.[149,1242,159,726]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIG. 100. — Herdmania armata n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, oral tentacle; C, dorsal tubercle. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B, C, 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391645/files/figure.png" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">Fig. 100A</figureCitation>
). The gut loop is closed. The oesophagus is not distinct. The stomach is not wider than the intestine. No compartments can be identified along the intestine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5531B1EBD0FE3BFF521480" blockId="138.[151,684,167,994]" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">
The hepatic gland is made of several massive lobes, one on the internal side of the oesophagus, the others in a line along the internal side of the loop (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5531B1EA60FD9BFE201420" box="[295,414,520,546]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="136.[151,162,758,775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1237,166,721]" captionTargetId="figure-359@136.[149,1242,159,726]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIG. 100. — Herdmania armata n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, oral tentacle; C, dorsal tubercle. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B, C, 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391645/files/figure.png" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">Fig. 100A</figureCitation>
). On the stomach these round lobes are dark brown. The anus opens against the oesophagus with a scalloped margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5531B1EBD0FD1BFF7415E0" blockId="138.[151,684,167,994]" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">
The gonads (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF5531B1EA72FD1BFE1314A0" box="[309,429,648,674]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="136.[151,162,758,775]" captionTargetBox="[155,1237,166,721]" captionTargetId="figure-359@136.[149,1242,159,726]" captionTargetPageId="136" captionText="FIG. 100. — Herdmania armata n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, oral tentacle; C, dorsal tubercle. Scale bars: A, 10 cm; B, C, 0.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391645" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391645/files/figure.png" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">Fig. 100A</figureCitation>
) are spherical masses included in an opaque tissue. On the left side they lie in a line along the rectum inside the gut loop. On the right side they are large, in a longitudinal line of four masses; the most anterior mass seems empty. These masses are linked by the gonoducts. Each gonad has a single male papilla joined to the female papilla at the distal end of the last gonad lobe, near the cloacal siphon. There are no endocarps on the body wall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF5531B1EBD0FB94FEE61340" pageId="138" pageNumber="339" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5531B1EBD0FB94FF45121D" blockId="138.[151,684,1031,1346]" box="[151,251,1031,1057]" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF5531B1EBD0FBBBFEE61340" blockId="138.[151,684,1031,1346]" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">
This species is unique for its very large size, the abundance of its spicules, and the peculiar shape of the hepatic gland and of the gonads. It has been placed in the genus
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF5531B1EAECFB1BFD9A12A0" authorityName="Lahille" authorityYear="1888" box="[427,548,1160,1186]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="138" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF5531B1EAECFB1BFD9A12A0" box="[427,548,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">Herdmania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of the presence of abundant spicules, but its other anatomical characters do not correspond well to the general structure of species in the genus, and so its assignment to the genus
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF5531B1E965FA9BFD121320" authorityName="Lahille" authorityYear="1888" box="[546,684,1288,1314]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Pyuridae" genus="Herdmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="138" pageNumber="339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF5531B1E965FA9BFD121320" box="[546,684,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="138" pageNumber="339">Herdmania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains doubtful.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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