332 lines
53 KiB
XML
332 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="3E533B2283DDF41457DEA2A0F41311A3" ID-CLB-Dataset="8824" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4826.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bf4f379-5024-4616-b7b7-a48103cb63bf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4402216" ID-ZooBank="1DC59C31-61D1-4458-897B-29D9CA523634" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609342327324" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Terrana, Lucas, Bo, Marzia, Opresko, Dennis M. & Eeckhaut, Igor" docDate="2020" docId="F576878793784273FF4CFA35FB82FE31" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4826.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4826 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="094FFFFF9362426EFFDBFFAEFFD3FFC7" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from SW Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698849846245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8D558B946BAADB3FD7E69FC6D44E6FFA">Shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from SW Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F689A7465AA0F2596D4950159268165E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="643201DEF86875250B4F6AC891B77310">Terrana, Lucas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5199D07762C4247CEF9005B39DFE9E3">Bo, Marzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39E56B7084A80D239A82DD8B1DFB4BAB">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C3B174C29CE338F18F444C2FFFCDD1A">Eeckhaut, Igor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5A06AB4014817867D114B93E2F3702D9" type="email">lucas.terrana@umons.ac.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="CE4CB90CD197C5EF663F7706B2DF5570">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4D98A0CC3138506F4F1185CFFCA66E7">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0132B4F2D89E6B7011C456FBA14F52BB">2020-08-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="53ABCB715EE83EFFB2DE7B3BD92E820A">4826</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="BBAD1DD169B447DDBC5E788885F39014" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4826.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F576878793784273FF4CFA35FB82FE31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177006751" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F576878793784273FF4CFA35FB82FE31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F576878793784273FF4CFA35FB82FE31" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A93784274FF4CFA35FDAEFA71" box="[151,637,1435,1462]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D60369193784274FF4CFA35FDAEFA71" blockId="26.[151,637,1435,1499]" box="[151,637,1435,1462]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="262881FD93784274FF4CFA35FDAEFA71" bold="true" box="[151,637,1435,1462]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293784274FF4CFA35FDAEFA71" ID-CoL="VGTZ" authority="Silberfeld, 1909" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,637,1435,1462]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA8393784274FF4CFA35FDAEFA71" bold="true" box="[151,637,1435,1462]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA8393784274FF4CFA35FE61FA71" bold="true" box="[151,434,1435,1462]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cirrhipathes densiflora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093784274FE62FA32FDAEFA71" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[441,637,1436,1462]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref39031" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Japanische Antipatharien. Abhandlungen der math. - phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, I (Supplement-BD 7. Abhandlg), 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A93784274FF4CFA6EFEC8FA1D" box="[151,283,1472,1499]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D60369193784274FF4CFA6EFEC8FA1D" blockId="26.[151,637,1435,1499]" box="[151,283,1472,1499]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493784274FF4CFA6EFF20FA1C" box="[151,243,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493784274FF24FA6EFEC8FA1D" box="[255,283,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="28.[151,250,859,883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,835]" captionTargetId="figure-20@28.[151,1436,181,835]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 16. (a, c) Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909 type specimen (schizotype USNM 100475) from Japan. (b, d) Cirrhipathes contorta van Pesch, 1910 type specimen (schizotype USNM 100414) from Indonesia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402259/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A93784274FF4CF9AAFDB2F9DA" box="[151,609,1540,1565]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7D60369193784274FF4CF9AAFDB2F9DA" blockId="26.[151,609,1540,1565]" box="[151,609,1540,1565]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293784274FF4CF9AAFDB2F9DA" ID-CoL="VGTZ" authority="Silberfeld 1909, p. 19" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,609,1540,1565]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA8393784274FF4CF9AAFE55F9DB" box="[151,390,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cirrhipathes densiflora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093784274FE57F9AAFDF8F9DA" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[396,555,1540,1565]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref39031" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Japanische Antipatharien. Abhandlungen der math. - phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, I (Supplement-BD 7. Abhandlg), 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld 1909</bibRefCitation>
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, p.19
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A93784274FF4CF9E4FE07F96A" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7D60369193784274FF4CF9E4FE6CF94E" blockId="26.[151,1437,1610,2033]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393784274FF4CF9E4FE51F9A3" bold="true" box="[151,386,1610,1636]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="CDB73CCC93784274FE50F9E5FE68F94E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019439311" elevation="21" location="Distal" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Toliara">
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<location id="7800604A93784274FE50F9E5FE1DF9A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F576878793784273FF4CFA35FB82FE31:7800604A93784274FE50F9E5FE1DF9A2" box="[395,462,1611,1637]" name="Distal" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Toliara">Distal</location>
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fragments from four colonies,
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<collectingRegion id="BF1BF87393784274FCEAF9E5FC53F9A2" box="[817,896,1611,1637]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Toliara</collectingRegion>
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<quantity id="BA279B7493784274FC52F9E5FC3DF9A2" box="[905,1006,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">
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<elevation id="F6F2D1A293784274FC52F9E5FC3DF9A2" box="[905,1006,1611,1637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="18.0">18–24 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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specimens INV.131352, INV.131368, INV.131374, INV.131376
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D60369193784274FF1CF93DFE07F96A" blockId="26.[151,1437,1610,2033]" box="[199,468,1683,1709]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA8393784274FF1CF93DFEB0F96A" bold="true" box="[199,355,1683,1709]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Depth range.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="BA279B7493784274FEB1F93DFE03F96A" box="[362,464,1683,1709]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A93784273FF1CF918FDE7FE16" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D60369193784272FF1CF918FBD3FBEF" blockId="26.[151,1437,1610,2033]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,965,2036]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA8393784274FF1CF918FE8AF917" bold="true" box="[199,345,1718,1744]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description.</emphasis>
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Single stem colonies which are straight with some crooked parts (
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493784274FB8AF919FB76F916" box="[1105,1189,1718,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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, a, b), or sinuous and contorted (
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493784274FECBF975FEB0F932" box="[272,355,1754,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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, c, d). The apex that can form a small loop (
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493784274FC8FF975FC75F932" box="[852,934,1754,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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, d, e). They measure up to
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<quantity id="BA279B7493784274FB03F975FAF8F932" box="[1240,1323,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="170.0">170 cm</quantity>
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in length. The skeleton is thin and generally tapers from the base to the apex of the colony. The diameter of the stem of the analyzed specimens varies from 2.5 to 8.0 mm at the base, and ranges from
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<quantity id="BA279B7493784274FC2AF88CFB5CF8FA" box="[1009,1167,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5 to 2.5 mm</quantity>
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on the distal part of the colonies. The color of the coenenchyme varies from grey to yellow or brown, with the polyps being yellow, white or orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493784274FECAF8C5FEB0F842" box="[273,355,1898,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, b–e). The polyps are located all around the stem in an irregular way, with 3–6 polyps per cm. In contorted colonies, they tend to gather on the same side, leaving one side of the colony partially without any polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493784274FF15F81DFEF3F80A" box="[206,288,1970,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, e). In the analyzed portions taken at more than
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493784274FCE6F81DFC51F80A" box="[829,898,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
below the tip of the colony, the polyps measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493784274FF4CF879FEF3F836" box="[151,288,2007,2033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="1.7">1.7–3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter with a mutual distance of zero when they sit next to each other, up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493784274FA88F879FA4AF836" box="[1363,1433,2007,2033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The oral cones are prominent and clearly visible when the polyps are expanded with the mouth appearing like a slit. Longitudinal and cross grooves are usually visible between the polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FC3CFC47FBEAFBC3" box="[999,1081,1001,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, e). Clusters of nematocysts are distinguished as white spots on the coenenchyme between polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FC58FBA3FC06FBEF" box="[899,981,1037,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29A0661993794275FF4CF8E6FAADF836" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" targetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193794275FF4CF8E6FAADF836" blockId="27.[151,1437,1864,2033]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FF4CF8E6FEF2F8A7" bold="true" box="[151,289,1864,1888]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293794275FEF2F8E7FD1BF8A6" authority="Silberfeld, 1909" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[297,712,1865,1889]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FEF2F8E7FDCAF8A6" box="[297,537,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cirrhipathes densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093794275FDFBF8E7FD1BF8A6" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[544,712,1865,1889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref39031" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Japanische Antipatharien. Abhandlungen der math. - phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, I (Supplement-BD 7. Abhandlg), 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FD00F8E7FCD3F8A6" bold="true" box="[731,768,1865,1889]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">a–e</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FCCBF8E7FC81F8A7" box="[784,850,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FD0BF8C2FD0BF843" bold="true" box="[720,728,1900,1924]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">f</emphasis>
|
||
) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FAF3F83EFA9BF86F" bold="true" box="[1320,1352,1936,1960]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">g–i</emphasis>
|
||
) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FAAAF81AFA47F80B" bold="true" box="[1393,1428,1972,1996]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">j–k</emphasis>
|
||
) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393794275FC8DF877FC8EF836" bold="true" box="[854,861,2009,2033]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">l</emphasis>
|
||
) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="29A06619937E4272FF4CFCF5FBB0FC50" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402259" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4402259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402259/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,250,859,883]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,835]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D603691937E4272FF4CFCF5FBB0FC50" blockId="28.[151,1436,859,919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FF4CFCF5FECCFCB4" bold="true" box="[151,287,859,883]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FEF6FCF5FEE9FCB4" bold="true" box="[301,314,859,883]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FE9DFCF5FE82FCB4" bold="true" box="[326,337,859,883]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">c</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FEBBFCF5FD25FCB4" authority="Silberfeld, 1909" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[352,758,859,883]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FEBBFCF5FD9DFCB4" box="[352,590,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cirrhipathes densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937E4272FD88FCF5FD25FCB4" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[595,758,859,883]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref39031" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Japanische Antipatharien. Abhandlungen der math. - phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, I (Supplement-BD 7. Abhandlg), 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimen (schizotype USNM 100475) from Japan. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FAE7FCF5FAB7FCB4" bold="true" box="[1340,1380,859,883]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">b, d</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FAA9FCF5FE2CFC50" authority="van Pesch, 1910" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FAA9FCF5FE80FC50" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cirrhipathes contorta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937E4272FE82FCD1FE2CFC50" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[345,511,895,919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref39455" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1910) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Cirrhipathes. Leiden, 96 pp." type="book" year="1910">van Pesch, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimen (schizotype USNM 100414) from Indonesia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D603691937E4272FF1CFB9FFA94FAAB" blockId="28.[151,1437,965,2036]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The spines are either at a right angle to the corallum or slightly inclined in different directions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FAC4FB9FFAA7FB8B" box="[1311,1396,1073,1100]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, f). Spines have different shapes, from subtriangular to conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FCEEFBFBFC54FBB7" box="[821,903,1109,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, g–k), however tall cylindrical spines tend to be more frequent in the polypar side of the contorted colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FCC4FBD7FCA2FB53" box="[799,881,1145,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, h, i). In any case, the spines are slightly papillose with a knobbed tip more or less defined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FDBCFB33FD69FB7F" box="[615,698,1181,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, g–l). Growing spines are sometimes visible as they are narrower and cylindrical in shape, or minute and triangular. Adjacent spines are sometimes found fused together at their base. They measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FE9AFB4BFE35FAC7" box="[321,486,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.21" valueMax="0.29" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
and are spaced apart
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FD3FFB4BFC5FFAC7" box="[740,908,1253,1280]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.495" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.19">0.19–0.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Between seven and ten longitudinal irregular rows of spines can be seen in distal portions of the colony, but the longitudinal arrangement tends to be lost on thicker parts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FEEFFA83FE54FA8F" box="[308,391,1325,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, f). On the contorted form, the abpolypar spines measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FBCDFA83FB65FA8F" box="[1046,1206,1325,1352]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.205" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.13">0.13-0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
and they are spaced
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FF4CFAFFFEE5FAAB" box="[151,310,1361,1388]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.325" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.19">0.19-0.46 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart. The polypar spines measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FD19FAFFFCB3FAAB" box="[706,864,1361,1388]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.265" valueMax="0.31" valueMin="0.22">0.22-0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
and their mutual distance is
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FB79FAFFFA90FAAB" box="[1186,1347,1361,1388]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="7.199999999999999" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.44" valueMax="0.72" valueMin="0.16">0.16-0.72 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D603691937E4272FF1CFADBFED3F8DB" blockId="28.[151,1437,965,2036]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FF1CFADBFE6CFA48" bold="true" box="[199,447,1397,1423]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937E4272FC79FADBFBB7FA48" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[930,1124,1397,1423]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref39031" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Japanische Antipatharien. Abhandlungen der math. - phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, I (Supplement-BD 7. Abhandlg), 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who stated that the colony was sinuous, with polyps in multiple rows measuring about
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FCE0FA37FCAFFA73" box="[827,892,1433,1460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter and
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FBE2FA37FBA8FA73" box="[1081,1147,1433,1460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, rounded spines measuring
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FEC9FA13FEA6FA1F" box="[274,373,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and inserted at a right angle to the corallum, and having smaller spines with acute tips. He reported seven longitudinal rows of spines seen from one aspect. Since this description, no record of this species has been published. Contorted colonies are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FD30F9A8FBE2F9D8" authority="van Pesch, 1910" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1910" box="[747,1073,1541,1568]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FD30F9A8FCA1F9D8" box="[747,882,1542,1568]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. contorta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937E4272FCA3F9A8FBE2F9D8" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[888,1073,1541,1568]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref39455" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1910) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Cirrhipathes. Leiden, 96 pp." type="book" year="1910">van Pesch, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in his description
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937E4272FAAFF9A8FEFAF984" author="van Pesch, A. J." pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref39455" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1910) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Cirrhipathes. Leiden, 96 pp." type="book" year="1910">van Pesch (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that the colonies are so contorted that a colony measuring
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FC2EF987FBE7F983" box="[1013,1076,1577,1604]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
in length would fit into a “bottle of
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FF6EF9E3FF2DF9A0" box="[181,254,1613,1639]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
”. As seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FE50F9E0FDF6F9A0" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[395,549,1613,1640]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FE50F9E0FDF6F9A0" box="[395,549,1613,1640]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the polyps are also gathered on one side of the axis, 10 to 12 of them found per cm. The spines are triangular, blunt or acute, and measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FCF8F9DFFC14F94B" box="[803,967,1649,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, their mutual distance is around
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74937E4272FAE9F9DFFA4AF94B" box="[1330,1433,1649,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.52">0.52 mm</quantity>
|
||
. They are papillose, but no mention is made about the presence of any knobs at the apex. A reexamination of both
|
||
<typeStatus id="A2648833937E4272FF4CF914FF14F913" box="[151,199,1722,1748]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FEB1F914FD12F914" authority="Silberfeld, 1909" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[362,705,1721,1748]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FEB1F914FDD6F914" box="[362,517,1721,1748]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937E4272FDD7F917FD12F914" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[524,705,1721,1747]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref39031" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Japanische Antipatharien. Abhandlungen der math. - phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, I (Supplement-BD 7. Abhandlg), 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 100475,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FC55F917FC33F914" box="[910,992,1721,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="28.[151,250,859,883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,835]" captionTargetId="figure-20@28.[151,1436,181,835]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 16. (a, c) Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909 type specimen (schizotype USNM 100475) from Japan. (b, d) Cirrhipathes contorta van Pesch, 1910 type specimen (schizotype USNM 100414) from Indonesia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402259/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
, a, c) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FB8EF914FA4FF914" authority="van Pesch, 1910" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1910" box="[1109,1436,1721,1748]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FB8EF914FB0EF914" box="[1109,1245,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. contorta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937E4272FB3FF914FA4FF914" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[1252,1436,1721,1748]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref39455" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1910) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Gattung Cirrhipathes. Leiden, 96 pp." type="book" year="1910">van Pesch, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 100414,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FE87F973FE7DF93F" box="[348,430,1757,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1864,1888]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[171,1416,181,1841]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 15. Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909. (a–e) In situ pictures showing the different phenotypes of the species (a—INV.131368; b—INV.131376; d/e—INV.131374). (f) Sections of the skeleton 1.8 mm in diameter (INV.131352), 2 mm in diameter (INV. 131376), 3.2 mm in diameter (INV.131368) and 2.5 mm in diameter (INV.131374), respectively. (g–i) Spines found on the contorted morphotype (INV.131374, conical polypar spines in (d), cylindrical abpolypar spines in (e, f). (j–k) Spines found on the whip morphotypes (INV.131368, INV.131376). (l) Detailed view of the tubercles at the tip of the spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402255/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
, b, d) confirmed that spines were very similar, but knobs are only found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FAD9F970FA4EF930" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[1282,1437,1757,1784]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FAD9F970FA4EF930" box="[1282,1437,1757,1784]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14937E4272FF7BF8AFFF20F8DB" box="[160,243,1793,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="28.[151,250,859,883]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,835]" captionTargetId="figure-20@28.[151,1436,181,835]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 16. (a, c) Cirrhipathes densiflora Silberfeld, 1909 type specimen (schizotype USNM 100475) from Japan. (b, d) Cirrhipathes contorta van Pesch, 1910 type specimen (schizotype USNM 100414) from Indonesia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402259" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402259/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D603691937E4273FF1CF888FDE7FE16" blockId="28.[151,1437,965,2036]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,502]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
In the present case, the Malagasy colony is also generally thicker than typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FB92F888FB01F8F8" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1910" box="[1097,1234,1830,1856]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FB92F888FB01F8F8" box="[1097,1234,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. contorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and with a more limited contortion of the corallum. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C87601937E4272FDE0F8E7FD17F8A4" box="[571,708,1865,1891]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, these knobs at the tip of the spines represent one of the main features to differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FE5BF8C0FDC9F840" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[384,538,1901,1928]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FE5BF8C0FDC9F840" box="[384,538,1901,1928]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FD86F8C0FD32F840" authorityName="sensu Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[605,737,1902,1928]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anguina">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FD86F8C0FD32F840" box="[605,737,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ci. anguina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the colonies can be very similar when observed in the field. Regionalization of spine size and ornamentation are common in contorted or spiral species. Contrary to straighter specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FEE8F81BFE11F808" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1834" box="[307,450,1973,1999]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FEE8F81BFE11F808" box="[307,450,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the apical portion might slightly differ from a central or basal one, as well as between straight or looped segments.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937E4272FE39F877FD0AF834" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityYear="1910" box="[482,729,2009,2035]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="contorta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937E4272FE39F877FD0AF834" box="[482,729,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cirrhipathes contorta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two categories of the size of spines: in loops and curves, polypar and abpolypar spines are markedly different, which is also the case in the contorted specimen (INV.131374) analyzed here. Examination of entire contorted colonies of non-type material in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C87601937F4273FBF6FF15FB49FF12" box="[1069,1178,187,213]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
revealed a gradient of spines, from simple to few apical knobs (pers. obs. MB). However, as seen previously, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A2648833937F4273FB48FF71FB10FF3E" box="[1171,1219,223,249]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
does not show distinct knobs –but this has not been analyzed for specimens from all regions. Environmental constraints may contort colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937F4273FEC1FE89FE66FE86" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[282,437,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937F4273FEC1FE89FE66FE86" box="[282,437,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ci. densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monitoring of transplanted colonies in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C87601937F4273FCA1FE89FC34FE86" box="[890,999,295,321]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggested that this possibility is not to be excluded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937F4273FEF6FEE5FE00FEA2" author="Bo, M. & Barucca, M. & Biscotti, M. A. & Canapa, A. & Lapian, H. F. N. & Olmo, E. & Bavestrello, G." box="[301,467,331,357]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="392 - 402" refId="ref35729" refString="Bo, M., Barucca, M., Biscotti, M. A., Canapa, A., Lapian, H. F. N., Olmo, E. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Description of Pseudocirrhipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipathidae), a new genus of whip black corals from the Indo-Pacific. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76 (4), 392 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802684104" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Bo
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937F4273FE8CFEE5FE5BFEA2" box="[343,392,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Pending a revision of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937F4273FCDCFEE5FC45FEA2" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1834" box="[775,918,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937F4273FCDCFEE5FC45FEA2" box="[775,918,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and the clarification of intra- and interspecific variability of contorted colonies in the same environments, importance should be given to spines and
|
||
<typeStatus id="A2648833937F4273FAB7FEC1FA4FFE4E" box="[1388,1436,367,393]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material for identifications among genera and species. Therefore, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12937F4273FC38FE3DFBAEFE6A" authorityName="Silberfeld" authorityYear="1909" box="[995,1149,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="densiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937F4273FC38FE3DFBAEFE6A" box="[995,1149,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Ci. densiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is applied to the different phenotypes observed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C87601937F4273FE7CFE19FDE3FE16" box="[423,560,439,465]" name="Madagascar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A937F4273FF1CFE74FB82FE31" box="[199,1105,474,502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D603691937F4273FF1CFE74FB82FE31" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,502]" box="[199,1105,474,502]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA83937F4273FF1CFE74FEB2FE33" bold="true" box="[199,353,474,500]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C87601937F4273FEBCFE75FE74FE32" box="[359,423,475,501]" name="Japan" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="A2648833937F4273FE6DFE75FE3BFE32" box="[438,488,475,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60937F4273FD94FE75FCD3FE32" author="Silberfeld, E." box="[591,768,475,501]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref39031" refString="Silberfeld, E. (1909) Japanische Antipatharien. Abhandlungen der math. - phys. Klasse der K. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften, I (Supplement-BD 7. Abhandlg), 1 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1909">Silberfeld 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C87601937F4273FCCFFE75FC48FE32" box="[788,923,475,501]" name="Madagascar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |