356 lines
62 KiB
XML
356 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document id="CC9AB3E88B2CDC8B962B118774443CB3" ID-CLB-Dataset="8824" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4826.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bf4f379-5024-4616-b7b7-a48103cb63bf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4402216" ID-ZooBank="1DC59C31-61D1-4458-897B-29D9CA523634" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609342327324" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Terrana, Lucas, Bo, Marzia, Opresko, Dennis M. & Eeckhaut, Igor" docDate="2020" docId="F5768787934B4245FF4CFA08FD5AFA91" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4826.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4826 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Myriopathes myriophylla INV." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="094FFFFF9362426EFFDBFFAEFFD3FFC7" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from SW Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698849846245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EF7F5B2EC14E2017E21EDF163070D371">Shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from SW Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="01CB2967801592D236E89FD86B9295C6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="92599FC128DF597300C9D4BDB3A9827E">Terrana, Lucas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8902C3AFA5C98922DD3EAC7F4C492DE7">Bo, Marzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9544ADDE9352D914E8C2C08EEE0D7A5E">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C59CDEECF080C56D2A1C0AA83912272B">Eeckhaut, Igor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3143B7A54E24319331FEDA339CAF193C" type="email">lucas.terrana@umons.ac.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B233729A908FCEBEF2ABEA7DF645AE56">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6877578A06B24B4A0CDF0A01E540124E">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48FA37EBC014078E6A295F5677F618AB">2020-08-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="15388769829E8C299E9945AD996A0BB3">4826</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F5768787934B4245FF4CFA08FD5AFA91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448332" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177006774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4448332" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5768787934B4245FF4CFA08FD5AFA91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5768787934B4245FF4CFA08FD5AFA91" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A934B4247FF4CFA08FD4FFA07" box="[151,668,1446,1473]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4247FF4CFA08FD4FFA07" blockId="41.[151,668,1446,1509]" box="[151,668,1446,1473]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="262881FD934B4247FF4CFA08FD4FFA07" bold="true" box="[151,668,1446,1473]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12934B4247FF4CFA08FD4FFA07" ID-CoL="458X6" authority="(Pallas, 1766)" authorityName="INV." baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[151,668,1446,1473]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF4CFA08FD4FFA07" bold="true" box="[151,668,1446,1473]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF4CFA08FEFCFA06" bold="true" box="[151,303,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Myriopathes</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FE87FA08FE3EFA06" bold="true" box="[348,493,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">myriophylla</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60934B4247FE27FA08FD40FA07" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[508,659,1446,1472]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref38623" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum Sistens Generum Adumbrationes Generaliores et Specierum Cognitarum Succinctas Descriptiones Cum Selectis Auctorum Synonymis. Hagae-Comitum, Frankfurt, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A934B4247FF4CFA65FF34FA22" box="[151,231,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4247FF4CFA65FF34FA22" blockId="41.[151,668,1446,1509]" box="[151,231,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FF4CFA65FF34FA22" box="[151,231,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A934B4247FF4CF9A1FCC1F9A3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4247FF4CF9A1FD9FF9E0" blockId="41.[151,786,1551,1637]" box="[151,588,1551,1575]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12934B4247FF4CF9A1FD9FF9E0" authority="Pallas 1766, p. 205" authorityName="Pallas" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1766" box="[151,588,1551,1575]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Antipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF4CF9A1FE57F9E0" box="[151,388,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Antipathes myriophylla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60934B4247FE50F9A1FDD1F9E0" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[395,514,1551,1575]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref38623" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum Sistens Generum Adumbrationes Generaliores et Specierum Cognitarum Succinctas Descriptiones Cum Selectis Auctorum Synonymis. Hagae-Comitum, Frankfurt, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas 1766</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 205
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4247FF4CF980FD51F981" blockId="41.[151,786,1551,1637]" box="[151,642,1582,1606]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12934B4247FF4CF980FD51F981" authority="van Pesch 1914, p. 39" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,642,1582,1606]" genus="Euantipathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF4CF980FE4EF981" box="[151,413,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Euantipathes myriophylla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="194E4B60934B4247FE7FF980FD96F981" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[420,581,1582,1606]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref39477" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monographie, 17, 1 - 258." type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 39
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4247FF4CF9E2FCC1F9A3" blockId="41.[151,786,1551,1637]" box="[151,786,1612,1637]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D12934B4247FF4CF9E2FDA9F9A3" ID-CoL="458X6" authority="Opresko 2001, p. 346" authorityName="Opresko" authorityPageNumber="346" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,634,1612,1637]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF4CF9E2FE4BF9A3" box="[151,408,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Myriopathes myriophylla</emphasis>
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Opresko 2001, p. 346
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</taxonomicName>
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–352, figs. 1–6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35C5651A934B4247FF4CF93CFE07F916" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4247FF4CF93CFC03F96A" blockId="41.[151,1437,1682,2034]" box="[151,976,1682,1709]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF4CF93CFE52F96B" bold="true" box="[151,385,1682,1708]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="CDB73CCC934B4247FE5CF93DFC1EF96A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019439305" box="[391,973,1682,1709]" elevation="45" location="Toliara" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="45" stateProvince="Toliara">
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<collectingRegion id="BF1BF873934B4247FE5CF93DFE0AF96A" box="[391,473,1683,1709]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Toliara</collectingRegion>
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,
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<specimenCount id="6BD9FD18934B4247FE3FF93CFDF7F96A" box="[484,548,1682,1709]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">
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<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FE3FF93CFDF3F96A" box="[484,544,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="45.0">
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||
<elevation id="F6F2D1A2934B4247FE3FF93CFDF3F96A" box="[484,544,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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Entire colony, specimen INV.131334
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4247FF1CF919FE07F916" blockId="41.[151,1437,1682,2034]" box="[199,468,1718,1745]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF1CF919FEB0F916" bold="true" box="[199,355,1719,1745]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Depth range.</emphasis>
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<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FEB1F918FE03F916" box="[362,464,1718,1745]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="m" value="37.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="30.0">30–45 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A934B4245FF1CF974FB21FACA" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="7D603691934B4245FF1CF974FD0AFE4E" blockId="41.[151,1437,1682,2034]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,151,1366]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="4FABEA83934B4247FF1CF974FE8AF933" bold="true" box="[199,345,1754,1780]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Description.</emphasis>
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The colony is branched and measures around
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<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FCB0F974FC62F932" box="[875,945,1754,1781]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
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in width and
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||
<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FB8AF975FB44F932" box="[1105,1175,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
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in height, with a basal diameter of
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<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FEC4F951FEB3F8DE" box="[287,352,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FEABF951FE11F8DE" box="[368,450,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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, a). The branching pattern is planar and flabellate, and the colony is white colored (
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<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FAB4F951FF66F8FA" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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, a). It is branched up to the 6
|
||
<superScript id="8AAA9BD9934B4247FE2BF88CFE2EF8F7" attach="left" box="[496,509,1826,1840]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">th</superScript>
|
||
order with branches measuring up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FC40F88CFC0CF8FA" box="[923,991,1826,1853]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FB8FF88DFB76F8FA" box="[1108,1189,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, a). The branches tend to form individual fronds separated from each other but overlapping (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FC7EF8E9FC24F8A6" box="[933,1015,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, a). The primary pinnules are biserial alternate and measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FE4AF8C4FDF5F842" box="[401,550,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="11.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but average
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FD62F8C5FD29F842" box="[697,762,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FCD3F8C5FC89F842" box="[776,858,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, b). They are inclined 30–60° to the branch, with an average of 45° (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FE97F821FE4CF86E" box="[332,415,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, b). In each row the primary pinnules are spaced 1.0–3.0 mm apart, with an average of
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FAA2F821FF10F80A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FF08F81DFEF5F80A" box="[211,294,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, b). There are generally 7–8 primary pinnules occurring along one cm of a branch, counting those in both lateral rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A14934B4247FEBBF879FE62F836" box="[352,433,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, b). Secondary pinnules measure up up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FC5EF879FC16F836" box="[901,965,2007,2033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length with an average of
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B74934B4247FADDF879FA95F836" box="[1286,1350,2007,2033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
and are always present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FE96FF39FE4CFF76" box="[333,415,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, b–d). The first secondary pinnule is generally inserted around
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FBBDFF39FB7BFF76" box="[1126,1192,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
above the base of the primary pinnule, but sometimes further away. They are also inserted out of the plane formed by the primary pinnules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FF7BFF71FF20FF3E" box="[160,243,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, c, d). Up to four uniserial secondaries are found on primaries, afterwards they tend to be biserial on the distal part of the primaries when they become incipent branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FCB2FEADFC6AFEDA" box="[873,953,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
b–d). Short single tertiary pinnules are also present, but not on all secondary pinnules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FDAEFE89FD15FE86" box="[629,710,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, c, d). The polyps are located on a single side of the pinnules, but on thicker branches they can be spaced irregularly all around the axis. Polyps measure up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FB76FEE5FB3CFEA2" box="[1197,1263,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
and are spaced up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FF0CFEC1FEFEFE4E" box="[215,301,367,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart, for about 10–12 polyps per cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29A0661993484244FF4CF955FE1EF82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193484244FF4CF955FE1EF82C" blockId="42.[151,1436,1787,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FF4CF955FEF3F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,288,1787,1811]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293484244FEFEF955FCC2F8D4" authority="(Pallas, 1766) INV." authorityName="INV." baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[293,785,1787,1811]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FEFEF955FE76F8D4" box="[293,421,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Myriopathes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FE10F955FD96F8D4" box="[459,581,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">myriophylla</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093484244FD88F955FD02F8D4" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[595,721,1787,1811]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref38623" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum Sistens Generum Adumbrationes Generaliores et Specierum Cognitarum Succinctas Descriptiones Cum Selectis Auctorum Synonymis. Hagae-Comitum, Frankfurt, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas, 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) INV.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
131334. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FCB5F955FCA8F8D4" bold="true" box="[878,891,1787,1811]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FC51F952FC19F8D4" box="[906,970,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
picture of the entire colony. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FB28F955FAD2F8D4" bold="true" box="[1267,1281,1787,1811]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">b</emphasis>
|
||
) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FE3BF8B1FE38F8F0" bold="true" box="[480,491,1823,1847]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">c</emphasis>
|
||
) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FB88F8B1FAEAF8F0" box="[1107,1337,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ib—incipient branches</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FA9DF88EFEFBF89C" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">pp—pri-mary pinnules</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FEEEF8EDFDF4F89C" box="[309,551,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">sp—secondary pinnules</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FDEFF8EAFCD4F89C" box="[564,775,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">tp—tertiary pinnules</emphasis>
|
||
). (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FCFFF8EDFCE1F89C" bold="true" box="[804,818,1859,1883]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">d</emphasis>
|
||
) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FDC9F8C9FDCEF8B8" bold="true" box="[530,541,1895,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">e</emphasis>
|
||
) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FAE1F8C9FA91F8B8" bold="true" box="[1338,1346,1895,1919]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">f</emphasis>
|
||
) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FC7CF825FC1DF864" bold="true" box="[935,974,1931,1955]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">g–h</emphasis>
|
||
) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FDCEF801FDCFF800" bold="true" box="[533,540,1967,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">i</emphasis>
|
||
) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FC7FF801FC7FF800" bold="true" box="[932,940,1967,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">j</emphasis>
|
||
) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393484244FA89F801FAB3F800" bold="true" box="[1362,1376,1967,1991]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">k</emphasis>
|
||
) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193494245FF1CFE3DFA52FC62" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The spines on the pinnules are tall, conical and either straight or slightly horn-shaped, and they are inclined upwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FEDCFE19FE88FE16" box="[263,347,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, e, f). They are slightly papillose on two-thirds of their surface, with papillae slightly elongated towards the tip of the spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FE3AFE75FDE7FE32" box="[481,564,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, i, j). On a subpinnule measuring
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FC74FE75FBC0FE32" box="[943,1043,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.09">0.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, five longitudinal rows of spines are seen, and there are no differences in the size of the polypar and abpolypar spines which measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FF4CFD8DFEEFFDFA" box="[151,316,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.1" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.08">0.08–0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
and are spaced
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FE2FFD8DFD4BFDFA" box="[500,664,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.125" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.09">0.09–0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart, except on polypar side where the mutual distance reaches up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FF6DFDE9FECEFDA6" box="[182,285,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FEF5FDE9FE50FDA6" box="[302,387,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, e). On a primary pinnule
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FD63FDE9FCCDFDA6" box="[696,798,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, there are also no differences in the size of the polypar and abpolypar spines, which measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FD15FDC5FCA6FD42" box="[718,885,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The abpolypar spines are spaced
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FB22FDC5FA4EFD42" box="[1273,1437,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.14" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart, and the polypar spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FDC6FD21FD52FD6E" box="[541,641,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.23">0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FD14FD21FCF2FD6E" box="[719,801,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, f). However, the inclination of abpolypar spines is more pronounced than the polypar spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FDEBFD1DFD51FD0A" box="[560,642,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, f). The spines become more numerous and taller, narrower and needlelike as the axis gets thicker, with the longitudinal rows being lost (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FC58FD79FC05FD36" box="[899,982,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, g, h). On thick branches about
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FAE5FD79FAACFD36" box="[1342,1407,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, their inclination is no longer very regular, and some are inclined basally as well as distally and others are perpendicular to the axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FE67FCB1FDDDFCFE" box="[444,526,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, h). On such branches, the spines are needle-like and still slightly papillose, with the papillae elongated towards the tip of the spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FD08FCEDFCF6FC9A" box="[723,805,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, k). Bifid spines are almost absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E42A1493494245FB6DFCEDFADBFC9A" box="[1206,1288,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@42.[151,1436,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 24. Myriopathes cf. myriophylla (Pallas, 1766) INV.131334. (a) In situ picture of the entire colony. (b) Detailed view of a branch and its pinnulation. (c) Close-up view of incipient branches and primary pinnules (ib—incipient branches; pp—primary pinnules; sp—secondary pinnules; tp—tertiary pinnules). (d) An incipient branch with bilateral primary pinnules with up to four uniserial secondary pinnules. (e) Section of a subpinnule 0.09 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (f) Section of a primary pinnule 0.14 mm in diameter, the polypar side is on the right. (g–h) Branches of different diameter showing the spine arrangement and morphology. (i) Polypar spine of a primary pinnule. (j) Abpolypar spine of a primary pinnule. (k) Tall, needle-like spines of a branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4402275" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4402275/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
, g). On these branches there is no distinction between polypar and abpolypar spines. They measure
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FB81FCC9FB2EFC46" box="[1114,1277,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.18" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height on a branch
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FF31FC25FE93FC62" box="[234,320,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and the mutual distance cannot be calculated as the longitudinal arrangement is lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193494245FF1CFC00FB21FACA" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FF1CFC00FE6EFC0E" bold="true" box="[199,445,942,969]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FD9CFC01FD06FC0E" authorityName="Opresko" authorityYear="2001" box="[583,725,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FD9CFC01FD06FC0E" box="[583,725,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Myriopathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with a flabellate corallum, which encompasses
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FA99FC01FA45FC0E" authorityName="INV." baseAuthorityName="Ellis & Solander" baseAuthorityYear="1786" box="[1346,1430,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ulex">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FA99FC01FA45FC0E" box="[1346,1430,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. ulex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FF4CFC7DFE92FC2B" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[151,321,979,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FF4CFC7DFE92FC2B" box="[151,321,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FE94FC7DFE04FC2A" authorityName="INV." baseAuthorityName="Pax" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[335,471,979,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stechowi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FE94FC7DFE04FC2A" box="[335,471,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. stechowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FE3EFC7DFDB3FC2B" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[485,608,979,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FE3EFC7DFDB3FC2B" box="[485,608,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FDB5FC7DFD31FC2B" baseAuthorityName="Opresko" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[622,738,979,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FDB5FC7DFD31FC2B" box="[622,738,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FCC3FC7DFC16FC2A" authorityName="INV." baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[792,965,979,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FCC3FC7DFC16FC2A" box="[792,965,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. myriophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Opresko 2001), only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FB34FC7DFA4FFC2A" authorityName="INV." baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1263,1436,979,1005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FB34FC7DFA4FFC2A" box="[1263,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. myriophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a pinnulation pattern similar to that of the Malagasy specimen and only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FC38FC59FB5DFBD6" authorityName="INV." baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[995,1166,1015,1041]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FC38FC59FB5DFBD6" box="[995,1166,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. myriophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has tertiary pinnules. In the type specimen, the primary pinnules are up to
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FD1EFBB5FCD5FBF2" box="[709,774,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and the secondary pinnules
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FBA0FBB5FB6FFBF2" box="[1147,1212,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. These lengths are similar to those seen in the Malagasy specimen. The secondary pinnules of the latter specimen do not have the tendency to be on the lowermost portion of each primary as much as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FC08FBCDFAEDFBBA" authority="(Opresko 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Opresko" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[979,1342,1123,1149]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FC08FBCDFB52FBBA" box="[979,1153,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. myriophylla</emphasis>
|
||
(Opresko 2001)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as they are generally found
|
||
<quantity id="BA279B7493494245FEA3FB29FE6AFB66" box="[376,441,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the base of the primary. Additionally, a single tertiary pinnule occurs in the present specimen as seen in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A264883393494245FE7AFB05FE29FB02" box="[417,506,1195,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FDC6FB05FD1BFB02" baseAuthorityName="Opresko" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[541,712,1195,1221]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FDC6FB05FD1BFB02" box="[541,712,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. myriophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by Opresko (2001). Therefore, the present specimen is assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BADF4D1293494245FEC7FB61FE3EFB2E" baseAuthorityName="Opresko" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[284,493,1231,1257]" class="Anthozoa" family="Myriopathidae" genus="Myriopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myriophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FEC7FB61FEE8FB2F" box="[284,315,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FEBDFB61FE3EFB2E" box="[358,493,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">myriophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the slight differences (seen in angles of insertions of the pinnules, their number per cm or the maximum length of the pinnules for instance) are considered here as small variations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35C5651A93494245FF1CFAB8FD5AFA91" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D60369193494245FF1CFAB8FD5AFA91" blockId="43.[151,1437,151,1366]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FABEA8393494245FF1CFAB8FEB2FAF7" bold="true" box="[199,353,1302,1328]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Indian Ocean (
|
||
<typeStatus id="A264883393494245FDC8FAB9FD96FAF6" box="[531,581,1303,1329]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093494245FD6AFAB9FCEAFAF5" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[689,825,1303,1330]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref38623" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1766) Elenchus Zoophytorum Sistens Generum Adumbrationes Generaliores et Specierum Cognitarum Succinctas Descriptiones Cum Selectis Auctorum Synonymis. Hagae-Comitum, Frankfurt, 451 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6595" type="book" year="1766">Pallas 1766</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193494245FC94FAB9FC6FFAF6" box="[847,956,1303,1329]" name="Indonesia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093494245FC16FAB9FB01FAF6" author="Ellis, J. & Solander, D." box="[973,1234,1303,1329]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref36947" refString="Ellis, J. & Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes collected by the late John Ellis, systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. White, B. & Son, London, 208 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2145" type="book" year="1786">Ellis & Solander 1786</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="194E4B6093494245FB3BFAB9FA44FAF6" author="van Pesch, A. J." box="[1248,1431,1303,1329]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref39477" refString="van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monographie, 17, 1 - 258." type="journal article" year="1914">van Pesch 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Opresko 2001),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C8760193494245FE97FA95FE00FA92" box="[332,467,1339,1365]" name="Madagascar" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |