plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/B6/4F/87/B64F87EA2043FFCCFF202F0F5E7BBF00.xml
maintenance eec0f1660f added B6
2024-06-21 12:48:53 +02:00

298 lines
38 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="A271D592FBB156ACFBA9D3A9E56ECEE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3661.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10097937" ID-ZooBank="448C4455-5A22-4C99-AA04-6FAF6DAFB879" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629859198406" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="BEUKEMA, WOUTER, DE POUS, PHILIP, DONAIRE-BARROSO, DAVID, BOGAERTS, SERGÉ, GARCIA-PORTA, JOAN, ESCORIZA, DANIEL, ARRIBAS, OSCAR J., MOUDEN, EL HASSAN EL &amp; CARRANZA, SALVADOR" docDate="2013" docId="B64F87EA2043FFCCFF202F0F5E7BBF00" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03661p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3661 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3661.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Salamandra algira subsp. tingitana Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="4A76FF922054FFD5FFB728425B6BBE1C" masterDocTitle="3661" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1699588517814" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="B6074D93E4213C34C46D4291EBDE9EC8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6CBDCDD90D84B10E76651D84F6C99CCD">
<mods:title id="41FE74D22F7C66F5E700F0121AE8D615">3661</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5E2755B269DCF46BAF7C7C452C8B6B57" type="personal">
<mods:role id="06D41BE0732B88A5ADA506FC5338EA72">
<mods:roleTerm id="938665805CAF375449C018E77BDD8571">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="083173B5E08DEF238513C6467FEA8E7E">BEUKEMA, WOUTER</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8B816012DA97A53160D0CCB7D8EDFB8B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="24DFA03C4CA39ACB8793C37A3CB983B9">
<mods:roleTerm id="EC5F21A9D770263385CFEFF74A445FCB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1D36B105E168124947D50D7983A2D634">DE POUS, PHILIP</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4966B1AFBCED7C42064A7C4F2DDA827A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="32DA1449E66AB5DA0409F85B139C6FAD">
<mods:roleTerm id="A86DAA350BD2DB30E34F89FE99140A68">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8199D8B2FB065BE85EC39944967E6321">DONAIRE-BARROSO, DAVID</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D1593AAD1AA62A4D1B161453E20AFE88" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0F6941743EFDFF8CB0B34779DD15A747">
<mods:roleTerm id="4ED69733BD7F157D232A1FB3A55F4016">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4CDA236D35490CDBDF16736CAAAC9485">BOGAERTS, SERGÉ</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BEFF5944607F5C3ED3B55CF527C1A17A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="65DCD8B12A8B078EFF86E77329E525B1">
<mods:roleTerm id="0FDEB500F7A8EAD99191EC35466849CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E5EAE435822E96A9934003B2D9D7D6B7">GARCIA-PORTA, JOAN</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0CE62357DED40413594C111F46B7C279" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AB19E54BAF9E5D1A3713061C5A916A78">
<mods:roleTerm id="458DAA397F0D152338839896770034E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3D757CB2E89E9B7C0527F2D22E0F4EA4">ESCORIZA, DANIEL</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6E9BA7E8674361220285EB03361F2628" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E78AEF6231F88AC1108647A2A5A9544F">
<mods:roleTerm id="C7376FDEDB7AEE34581DAFF64E2E7836">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="91F702689F400181FB0A4D4DBE0BEFCD">ARRIBAS, OSCAR J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="50D64C1C6D0B408FEFE757C18D5519F1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="38B0BB283C843012ED7BA3E6A7C81076">
<mods:roleTerm id="B255BA1ADFB1ED9644DB0D9517FDF581">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0D5CF1BABD833CA156AD0ACE1635678A">MOUDEN, EL HASSAN EL</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AD25BFD1A4B54FD1A93D58A4FE591F85" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2DD4BA6EDFA0C023F73D39720CB9E405">
<mods:roleTerm id="353FB08171D07FD8E953A8CE4594CB60">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="621519F6F06819888EDC3EF3B7963E1B">CARRANZA, SALVADOR</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="11C55297B6B5376B147E3AA85DB44A2F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="83D94C5B506841EBA9754DD1412E9EEA" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="37D69EF6D36ADFF7FEB456222089F877">
<mods:title id="40D9FBC98B3E46B64D4120C1CCD6D960">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B0791689C85991915B69B4B6A29A2F85">
<mods:date id="28AB0434DDF3CEB28AB965800022E95A">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1AB2EB34592D076792CC1C2F5F1C8F80" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="374CA0C944984F152F69DACDC3C0ADEA">2013-05-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="1ABB790DDB71CEA1B2737B0B87E63735" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4D4720396827D57D1CB00E6A24CC13E2">3661</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4760CCF229F334BC1A691364826FBE92" type="issue">
<mods:number id="46837CD305A48BE1035EE8387FB42582">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="667D356E75E5BA4FC79F8177DACD08D4" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A0B8757AA78C5B7985356F645D91B46A">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="09A61AF5EED10F515CBEAABE35B6436D">60</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="E2820463CA795392FD5276A8AD1792B3">
<mods:url id="DBEB9C737A40DDCA4A64E2970A8CA6A0">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3661.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="341D50B4C61CB96270761CA23FF49044">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="31C7AD2DF42EE7F8B7C1D1862E67CCC5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3661.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DAC277EE1369E5C4663A4D3EB5C7B156" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AC2DB0FCB1453EEC0C93EC0B7921B551" type="Zenodo-Dep">10097937</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="87A9CC2DC91755EFAC1AB1353D8A5332" type="ZooBank">448C4455-5A22-4C99-AA04-6FAF6DAFB879</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="B64F87EA2043FFCCFF202F0F5E7BBF00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B64F87EA2043FFCCFF202F0F5E7BBF00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B64F87EA2043FFCCFF202F0F5E7BBF00" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<subSubSection id="76FC65772043FFC2FF202F0F58F8B97A" box="[151,915,1869,1894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3E5936FC2043FFC2FF202F0F58F8B97A" blockId="23.[151,915,1869,1929]" box="[151,915,1869,1894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<heading id="651181902043FFC2FF202F0F58F8B97A" bold="true" box="[151,915,1869,1894]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F2043FFC2FF202F0F58F8B97A" ID-CoL="7L2HZ" authority="Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts 2003" authorityName="Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,915,1869,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="algira" subSpecies="tingitana">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE2043FFC2FF202F0F58F8B97A" bold="true" box="[151,915,1869,1894]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE2043FFC2FF202F0F5AB4B97A" bold="true" box="[151,479,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Salamandra algira tingitana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D2043FFC2FE512F0F58F8B97A" author="Bogaerts, S. &amp; Donaire-Barroso, D." box="[486,915,1869,1894]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="47 - 51" refId="ref37456" refString="Bogaerts, S. &amp; Donaire-Barroso, D. (2003) Sobre el politipismo en Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 14, 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="2003">Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts 2003</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76FC65772043FFCDFF202F335935B830" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
<paragraph id="3E5936FC2043FFC2FF202F335A77B995" blockId="23.[151,915,1869,1929]" box="[151,284,1905,1929]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<figureCitation id="A6DD2A792043FFC2FF202F335A73B995" box="[151,280,1905,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-131@23.[151,1436,185,1653]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 8. Members of the Salamandridae family native to Morocco. A: Salamandra algira spelaea Beni Snassen (DE). B-D: Salamandra algira tingitana; B: Jbel Musa (PdP); C: Tagramt (SB); D: Cudia Adru (DD). E-H: Salamandra algira splendens ssp. nov.; E: Bou Iblane (DD); F: Chefchaouen (DD) (holotype specimen); G: Bab Berret (DE); H: Ketama (DD). I-K: Pleurodeles waltl; I: Forêt de Mamora (WB); J: Casablanca (Gabriel Martínez del Mármol); K: Moulay Abdeslam (SB)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10097953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10097953/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs. 8B–E</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E5936FC2043FFC2FF202FFB5EF7B9E9" blockId="23.[151,1436,1977,2037]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE2043FFC2FF202FFB5AA1B9CE" bold="true" box="[151,458,1977,2002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">Background information.</emphasis>
Information about
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F2043FFC2FD1D2FFB5867B9CD" authorityName="Bedriaga" authorityYear="1883" box="[682,780,1977,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algira">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE2043FFC2FD1D2FFB5867B9CD" box="[682,780,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">S. algira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remained scarce for more than a century after the initial description of Bedriaga (1883) which was based on individuals from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="46F1766C2043FFC2FBF42F9F5FF0B9E9" box="[1091,1179,2013,2037]" name="Algeria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Algeria</collectingCountry>
. Both Bedriaga (1883)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E5936FC204CFFCDFF2028D55F42BC98" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
and
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFF7E28DA5A8DBEB3" author="Pasteur and Bons" box="[201,486,151,175]" firstAuthor="Pasteur" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref44195" refString="Pasteur, G. &amp; Bons, J. (1959) Les Batraciens du Maroc. Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique Cherifien, Serie Zoologique, Rabat, 241 pp." type="book" year="1959">Pasteur and Bons (1959)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F204CFFCDFDE128DA59D2BEAC" authorityName="Bedriaga" authorityYear="1883" box="[598,697,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algira">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFDE128DA59D2BEAC" box="[598,697,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. algira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be larvae-bearing. Hence, observations of populations which deposit fully-developed juveniles among the limestone outcrops in extreme north-western
<collectingCountry id="46F1766C204CFFCDFB0928FE5E48BECF" box="[1214,1315,188,211]" name="Morocco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(Donaire- Barroso &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFEA828A25AA0BEEB" author="Bogaerts" box="[287,459,223,248]" firstAuthor="Bogaerts" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref37432" refString="Bogaerts, S. (2001) Breeding Brongersma's Toad, Bufo brongersmai. Pod @ arcis, 2, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="2001">Bogaerts 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Donaire-Barroso
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFD1128A3598FBEE4" box="[678,740,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2001) were unexpected. Subsequent research showed that populations from northwestern
<collectingCountry id="46F1766C204CFFCDFE4A29465909BF07" box="[509,610,260,283]" name="Morocco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Morocco</collectingCountry>
consistently lack red discoloration while often showing white specks or rosettes on the underside (
<figureCitation id="A6DD2A79204CFFCDFE7F29655937BF23" box="[456,604,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1497,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-223@26.[151,1436,193,1476]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Upper panel: distribution of Salamandra algira ssp. in Morocco, indicating identified geographical barriers. Lower panel: variation in ventral pattern and coloration among Moroccan Salamandra algira ssp. A: Salamandra algira tingitana, west of Tetouan; B: Salamandra algira tingitana, Moulay Abdeslam; C: Salamandra algira splendens ssp. nov., Bou Iblane; D: Salamandra algira splendens ssp. nov., Ketama." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10097957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10097957/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 10A&amp;B</figureCitation>
). The northernmost populations were shown to possess a high tendency towards hypoluteism and melanism (Bogaerts &amp; Donaire-Barroso 2003). As a result of the aforementioned characteristics,
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFEFE292D5863BF9B" author="Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts" box="[329,776,367,392]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="84 - 100" refId="ref39375" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 a) A new subspecies of Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883 from northern Morocco. Pod @ rcis, 4, 84 - 100." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts (2003a)</bibRefCitation>
described
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFC3F29325F47BF9B" box="[904,1068,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. a. tingitana</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="E15D885E204CFFCDFB88292D5FCCBF9B" box="[1087,1191,367,391]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: MNCN 41037; type locality: &quot;
<quantity id="F91E9B19204CFFCDFEB029D65A3DBFB7" box="[263,342,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
altitude on Jabal Muse (= Jabal Mousa) north
<collectingCountry id="46F1766C204CFFCDFC3829D65897BFB0" box="[911,1020,404,428]" name="Morocco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Morocco</collectingCountry>
&quot;). Recent studies have shown
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFAD129D65B97BFD3" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. a. tingitana</emphasis>
to possess a more extended distribution than initially thought, while mtDNA studies showed the taxon to consist of three clades which diverged during the Pleistocene (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFCE0299E5F2CBFE8" author="Beukema" box="[855,1095,476,500]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beukema" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref37142" refString="Beukema, W., De Pous, P., Donaire, D., Escoriza, D., Bogaerts, S., Toxopeus, A. G., De Bie, C. A. J. M., Roca, J. &amp; Carranza, S. (2010) Biogeography and contemporary climatic differentation among Moroccan Salamandra algira. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 626 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2010.01506. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beukema
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFC7D299F5F68BFE8" box="[970,1027,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Only the northernmost clade deposits fully-developed juveniles, while populations located in the triangle formed by Tetouan, Ksar el-Kébir and Chefchaouen deposit larvae. The boundary between these is approximately located near the Oued Martil, with larvae occasionally having been found west of Tetouan (D. Donaire-Barroso pers. obs.), the southernmost population bearing fully-developed juveniles according to
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFC902A2E5F4EBC98" author="Beukema" box="[807,1061,620,644]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beukema" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref37142" refString="Beukema, W., De Pous, P., Donaire, D., Escoriza, D., Bogaerts, S., Toxopeus, A. G., De Bie, C. A. J. M., Roca, J. &amp; Carranza, S. (2010) Biogeography and contemporary climatic differentation among Moroccan Salamandra algira. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 626 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2010.01506. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beukema
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFC2F2A2F58BBBC98" box="[920,976,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E5936FC204CFFCDFF702AD25A75BAD8" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFF702AD25AECBCB4" bold="true" box="[199,391,655,680]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
Across the largely Mediterranean-influenced region located between the Strait of
<collectingCountry id="46F1766C204CFFCDFA802ACD5EF7BCBB" box="[1335,1436,655,679]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
and Tetouan,
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFE852AF65ABFBCD0" box="[306,468,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. a. tingitana</emphasis>
inhabits chiefly limestone outcrops from sea level up to
<specimenCount id="28E0FD75204CFFCDFBD12AF65FDCBCD7" box="[1126,1207,692,716]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">
<quantity id="F91E9B19204CFFCDFBD12AF65FD9BCD7" box="[1126,1202,692,716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Both barren eroded mountain summits (e.g. the
<typeStatus id="E15D885E204CFFCDFE782A9A5A94BCEC" box="[463,511,728,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
locality, Jbel Musa) as well as hilly terrain covered by maquis,
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F204CFFCDFB7F2A9A5E63BCF3" box="[1224,1288,728,751]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFB7F2A9A5E63BCF3" box="[1224,1288,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F204CFFCDFA892A9A5EF7BCEC" box="[1342,1436,728,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFA892A9A5EF7BCEC" box="[1342,1436,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees have been recorded as habitat (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFD9B2ABE58A9BD08" author="Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts" box="[556,962,764,788]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="84 - 100" refId="ref39375" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 a) A new subspecies of Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883 from northern Morocco. Pod @ rcis, 4, 84 - 100." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts 2003a</bibRefCitation>
). Populations recorded in this area deposit fully-developed juveniles, even though temporary surface water is available at multiple sites (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFB772B5D5A2BBD40" author="Bogaerts, S." firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref37432" refString="Bogaerts, S. (2001) Breeding Brongersma's Toad, Bufo brongersmai. Pod @ arcis, 2, 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="2001">Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Donaire-Barroso
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFDAF2B07593FBD40" box="[536,596,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2001;
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFD1D2B065F21BD40" author="Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts" box="[682,1098,836,860]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="84 - 100" refId="ref39375" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 a) A new subspecies of Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883 from northern Morocco. Pod @ rcis, 4, 84 - 100." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts 2003a</bibRefCitation>
). On rare occasions, either a single or small number of larvae can be deposited in these water bodies during periods of abundant rainfall (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFF292BCE5ACCBDB8" author="Martinez-Medina" box="[158,423,908,932]" firstAuthor="Martinez-Medina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="2 - 5" refId="ref43592" refString="Martinez-Medina, F. J. (2001) Nuevos registros de anfibios y reptiles (Amphibia, Reptilia) en la Sierra del Haus (Noroeste de Marruecos). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 12, 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="2001">Martínez-Medina 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFE032BCE5821BDB8" author="Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts" box="[436,842,908,932]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="84 - 100" refId="ref39375" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 a) A new subspecies of Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883 from northern Morocco. Pod @ rcis, 4, 84 - 100." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts 2003a</bibRefCitation>
). The activity period ranges from October to March, throughout which individuals are exclusively nocturnal, and only emerge from their shelters during humid or rainy weather (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFF482B965963BDF0" author="Martinez-Medina" box="[255,520,980,1004]" firstAuthor="Martinez-Medina" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="2 - 5" refId="ref43592" refString="Martinez-Medina, F. J. (2001) Nuevos registros de anfibios y reptiles (Amphibia, Reptilia) en la Sierra del Haus (Noroeste de Marruecos). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 12, 2 - 5." type="journal article" year="2001">Martínez-Medina 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFDA12B9658C6BDF0" author="Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts" box="[534,941,980,1004]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="84 - 100" refId="ref39375" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 a) A new subspecies of Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883 from northern Morocco. Pod @ rcis, 4, 84 - 100." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts 2003a</bibRefCitation>
). Low temperatures (&lt;10º C) and presence of considerable wind does not have a negative influence on activity in general, in contrast to most European
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F204CFFCDFF202C5E5A4BBA28" authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[151,288,1052,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFF202C5E5A4BBA28" box="[151,288,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Salamandra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFE752C5E5879BA28" author="Thiesmeier &amp; Gunther" box="[450,786,1052,1076]" firstAuthor="Thiesmeier" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="82 - 104" refId="ref46477" refString="Thiesmeier, B &amp; Gunther, R. (1996) Feuersalamander - Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Gunther, R. (Ed.), Die Amphibien und Reptilien Deutschlands. Fisher, Jena, 82 - 104." type="book chapter" year="1996">Thiesmeier &amp; Günther 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFC942C5E5883BA28" author="Thiesmeier" box="[803,1000,1052,1076]" firstAuthor="Thiesmeier" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref46523" refString="Thiesmeier, B. (2004) Der Feuersalamander. Laurenti Verlag, Bielefeld, 192 pp." type="book" year="2004">Thiesmeier 2004</bibRefCitation>
; pers. obs. D. Donaire-Barroso &amp; S. Bogaerts). During the day, individuals hide under superficial shelters such as rocks in humid weather throughout the activity period, while they retreat deep into karstic crevices from April to September (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFB0A2C265A21BABC" author="Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="84 - 100" refId="ref39375" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 a) A new subspecies of Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883 from northern Morocco. Pod @ rcis, 4, 84 - 100." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts 2003a</bibRefCitation>
). Up to 17 fully developed juveniles can be deposited between October to March (Donaire-Barroso
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFF202CEF5BA4BAD8" box="[151,207,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E5936FC204CFFCDFF702C8D5935B830" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Southwards, the occurrence is limited to mountainous or hilly terrain between Tetouan, Ksar el-Kébir and Chefchaouen up to at least
<quantity id="F91E9B19204CFFCDFE642CB65941BB17" box="[467,554,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.274" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1274.0">1274 m</quantity>
(Fôret de Bouachem), where populations generally occur close to springs or brooks in (half-open) forests, agricultural terraces and limestone outcrops (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFBFB2D555B89BB48" author="Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 40" refId="ref39411" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 b) Datos sobre taxonomia, ecologia y biologia de Alytes maurus (Pasteur &amp; Bons, 1962) (Anura; Discoglossidae). Butlleti de la Societat Catalana d'Herpetologia, 16, 25 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Donaire-Barroso &amp; Bogaerts 2003b</bibRefCitation>
). General activity of these larvae-bearing populations is likely similar to that of the populations which deposit fully-developed juveniles, although the former might benefit from a more humid, Atlantic climate among the western mountain ranges of the Tingitana Peninsula (
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFCA92DC65F7ABB80" author="Beukema" box="[798,1041,1412,1436]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beukema" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref37142" refString="Beukema, W., De Pous, P., Donaire, D., Escoriza, D., Bogaerts, S., Toxopeus, A. G., De Bie, C. A. J. M., Roca, J. &amp; Carranza, S. (2010) Biogeography and contemporary climatic differentation among Moroccan Salamandra algira. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 626 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2010.01506. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beukema
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFC252DC758A0BB80" box="[914,971,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Larvae have been encountered in streams, springs and occasionally in temporary ponds.
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFCB22DE55FD5BBA3" author="Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts" box="[773,1214,1447,1472]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 40" refId="ref39411" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 b) Datos sobre taxonomia, ecologia y biologia de Alytes maurus (Pasteur &amp; Bons, 1962) (Anura; Discoglossidae). Butlleti de la Societat Catalana d'Herpetologia, 16, 25 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts (2003b)</bibRefCitation>
encountered larvae at
<quantity id="F91E9B19204CFFCDFF042D8E5B90BBFF" box="[179,251,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
a.s.l. approximately
<quantity id="F91E9B19204CFFCDFE5E2D8E595ABBF8" box="[489,561,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
south-west of Tetouan at the end of February, while D. Donaire-Barroso and W. Beukema (pers. obs.) observed recently metamorphosed juveniles with gill remnants at
<quantity id="F91E9B19204CFFCDFB172DAD5F83B81B" box="[1184,1256,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
a.s.l. north-east of Ksar el-Kebir during the same period.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76FC6577204CFFCCFF702E755E7BBF00" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3E5936FC204CFFCDFF702E75597DB957" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFF702E755A0BB84C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1591,1616]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
The distribution map (
<figureCitation id="A6DD2A79204CFFCDFDD32E7559D7B853" box="[612,700,1591,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,342,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-293@25.[151,1436,339,1235]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niche models and distribution records of Salamandra algira (A); Pleurodeles waltl (B); Alytes maurus (C); and Discoglossus spp. (D) in Morocco. Warmer colours indicate higher climate suitability. Dark spots indicate records derived from literature, white spots show new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10097955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10097955/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) is composed of records from
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFBA02E7A5E47B853" author="Bons and Geniez" box="[1047,1324,1591,1615]" firstAuthor="Bons" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref37681" refString="Bons J. &amp; Geniez, P. (1996) Amphibiens et Reptiles du Maroc (Sahara Occidental compris), Atlas biogeographique. Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Barcelona, Spain, 320 pp." type="book" year="1996">Bons and Geniez (1996)</bibRefCitation>
, Donaire- Barroso and Bogaerts (2003a) and
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFD9F2E1E5840B868" author="Beukema" box="[552,811,1628,1652]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beukema" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref37142" refString="Beukema, W., De Pous, P., Donaire, D., Escoriza, D., Bogaerts, S., Toxopeus, A. G., De Bie, C. A. J. M., Roca, J. &amp; Carranza, S. (2010) Biogeography and contemporary climatic differentation among Moroccan Salamandra algira. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 626 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2010.01506. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beukema
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFD2C2E1F59BEB868" box="[667,725,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. While most records fill in gaps within the continuous mountain ranges, several are located at the periphery of the distribution area, suggesting a wider range during the Pleistocene. An earlier suggested, isolated occurrence in the Ahl Serif northeast of Ksar-el-Kebir based on predictive species distribution modelling by
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFD302E8558EBB8C3" author="Beukema" box="[647,896,1735,1760]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beukema" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref37142" refString="Beukema, W., De Pous, P., Donaire, D., Escoriza, D., Bogaerts, S., Toxopeus, A. G., De Bie, C. A. J. M., Roca, J. &amp; Carranza, S. (2010) Biogeography and contemporary climatic differentation among Moroccan Salamandra algira. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 626 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2010.01506. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beukema
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFD402E8B5844B8FC" box="[759,815,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
has been confirmed. As the niche model on
<figureCitation id="A6DD2A79204CFFCDFAC72E855BD2B918" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,342,1234]" captionTargetId="figure-293@25.[151,1436,339,1235]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 9. Niche models and distribution records of Salamandra algira (A); Pleurodeles waltl (B); Alytes maurus (C); and Discoglossus spp. (D) in Morocco. Warmer colours indicate higher climate suitability. Dark spots indicate records derived from literature, white spots show new records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10097955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10097955/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
is composed of climatic data only (as opposed to that shown in
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFC332EAE5F04B918" author="Beukema" box="[900,1135,1772,1796]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Beukema" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref37142" refString="Beukema, W., De Pous, P., Donaire, D., Escoriza, D., Bogaerts, S., Toxopeus, A. G., De Bie, C. A. J. M., Roca, J. &amp; Carranza, S. (2010) Biogeography and contemporary climatic differentation among Moroccan Salamandra algira. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 101, 626 - 641. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2010.01506. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beukema
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFC432EAF5F46B918" box="[1012,1069,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
), it is likely overpredicting the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F204CFFCDFEC52F525ABDB934" authorityName="Bedriaga" authorityYear="1883" box="[370,470,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algira">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFEC52F525ABDB934" box="[370,470,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. algira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="46F1766C204CFFCDFDB52F525900B93B" box="[514,619,1808,1831]" name="Morocco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Morocco</collectingCountry>
. See
<figureCitation id="A6DD2A79204CFFCDFD1B2F4D5994B93B" box="[684,767,1807,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1497,1520]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,198,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-223@26.[151,1436,193,1476]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 10. Upper panel: distribution of Salamandra algira ssp. in Morocco, indicating identified geographical barriers. Lower panel: variation in ventral pattern and coloration among Moroccan Salamandra algira ssp. A: Salamandra algira tingitana, west of Tetouan; B: Salamandra algira tingitana, Moulay Abdeslam; C: Salamandra algira splendens ssp. nov., Bou Iblane; D: Salamandra algira splendens ssp. nov., Ketama." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10097957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10097957/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
for the distribution of
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFBA62F525FDDB93B" box="[1041,1206,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. a. tingitana</emphasis>
in relation to other Moroccan
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F204CFFCDFEB82F765A88B950" authorityName="Bedriaga" authorityYear="1883" box="[271,483,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algira">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFEB82F765A88B950" box="[271,483,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Salamandra algira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E5936FC204CFFCDFF702F15580FB973" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2012]" box="[199,868,1879,1904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFF702F155A99B96C" bold="true" box="[199,498,1879,1904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">National Red List Status.</emphasis>
Vulnerable (as part of
<taxonomicName id="F9E64D7F204CFFCDFD442F1A5838B96C" authorityName="Bedriaga" authorityYear="1883" box="[755,851,1880,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="algira">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFD442F1A5838B96C" box="[755,851,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. algira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E5936FC204CFFCCFF702F395E7BBF00" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,2012]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,151,284]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFF702F395AA2B988" bold="true" box="[199,457,1915,1940]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">Taxonomic comment.</emphasis>
The original description of
<emphasis id="0C92EAEE204CFFCDFCB82F3E58DAB988" box="[783,945,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S. a. tingitana</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="5A774B0D204CFFCDFC572F3E5EF7B988" author="Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts" box="[992,1436,1916,1940]" firstAuthor="Donaire-Barroso" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="84 - 100" refId="ref39375" refString="Donaire-Barroso, D. &amp; Bogaerts, S. (2003 a) A new subspecies of Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883 from northern Morocco. Pod @ rcis, 4, 84 - 100." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Donaire-Barroso and Bogaerts (2003a)</bibRefCitation>
appeared in Pod@rcis, an online bilingual herpetological journal which has irregularly appeared since 2000. As such, this publication appeared well before a recent amendment of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) which permits electronic publication of new scientific names and nomenclatural acts (ICZN 2012). However, as detailed in the colophon of each Pod@rcis issue, copies of published papers were deposited on paper and CD-ROM at the PNMH, RMNH, Koninklijke Bibliotheek (The Hague,
<collectingCountry id="46F1766C204DFFCCFB84289D5FD4BEEB" box="[1075,1215,223,247]" name="Netherlands" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
), ZMA and ZMFK. Pod@rcis therefore meets the requirements of Article 8.6 of the ICZN, representing a published work.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink