1304 lines
140 KiB
XML
1304 lines
140 KiB
XML
<document id="7E205EEA77F64FC8CAE4234B006EC192" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2fe0964-7b45-43ef-9163-174c5630077c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="247626" ID-ZooBank="20D125E7-8CC0-4942-8AF9-75EA31EBBD53" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460692284396" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cupello, Mario & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2013" docId="707787C65973624BFF0A250036379D89" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03722p482.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3722 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gromphas aeruginosa Perty 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="452" masterDocId="8C4EFFBE597A6244FF9D2705375A9E2D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina)" masterLastPageNumber="482" masterPageNumber="439" pageNumber="448" updateTime="1698351887993" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2B3AE86A97F444DDFFF776DED0BD1642">Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DDB5F480AF41F1087990B21CD9D21582">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8927424E733F42E6529B2A08DF7C6F65">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8C1E926768D81D6AF2CE5246A2F258B4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3A2DC1B0633F5FDEAFAFC485C68463A0">
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<mods:date id="22B6B45E58866A5ED90C2645280075E6">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BC801164E7F57C74B3ACB91372316FA9">3722</mods:number>
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<treatment id="707787C65973624BFF0A250036379D89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5668589" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5668589" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:707787C65973624BFF0A250036379D89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/707787C65973624BFF0A250036379D89" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
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<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5973624DFF0A250032239CAB" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF0A2500353D9C32" blockId="9.[151,969,517,576]" box="[151,615,517,543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
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<heading id="A32981BC5973624DFF0A2500353D9C32" bold="true" box="[151,615,517,543]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF0A2500353D9C32" bold="true" box="[151,615,517,543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFF292500353D9C32" ID-CoL="6L4HD" authority="Perty, 1830" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[180,615,517,543]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF292500369B9C32" bold="true" box="[180,449,517,543]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Perty, 1830)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF0A252234939C6D" blockId="9.[151,969,517,576]" box="[151,969,551,576]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Figs. 1–6, 16, 22, 24, 29, 34, 36–37, 39, 41, 46, 48, 52–53, 57, 62–63, 66</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF0A257432239CAB" blockId="9.[151,1437,624,952]" box="[151,1401,624,646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFF0A257436A39CAB" authority="Perty, 1830: 39" authorityName="Perty" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1830" box="[151,505,624,646]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF0A2574360D9CAB" box="[151,343,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Perty, 1830: 39
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lacordaire 1856: 105; Burmeister 1874: 130; Scherer 1983: 298; Cupello 2013: 15–17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5973624DFF0A258B33A59D95" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF0A258B34AB9D56" blockId="9.[151,1437,624,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFF0A258B35679C89" authority="Harold 1859: 199" authorityName="Harold" authorityPageNumber="199" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,573,654,677]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF0A258B36239C88" box="[151,377,654,677]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
: Harold 1859: 199
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Harold 1869a: 1016, 1869b: 62; Waterhouse 1891: 60; Heyne & Taschenberg 1908: 64, plate 9
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFEA725A836DC9CEE" box="[314,390,685,707]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
; Ohaus 1909: 135; Gillet 1911: 80; d’Olsoufieff 1924: 20, 58, 138, plate II Fig. 3, plate IX; Pessoa & Lane 1941: 478; Blackwelder 1944: 208; Barattini & Saenz 1960: 23, 1964: 177; Halffter & Matthews 1966: 131; Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 566; Halffter & Edmonds 1982: 86; Scherer 1983: 298; Kirk 1992: 49; Amézquita
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFB7025EE327E9D2D" box="[1261,1316,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999: 119; Escobar 2000: 206; Medina & Lopera-Toro 2000: 303 Fig. 3c, 305 Fig. 4c; Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193; Medina
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFAB5240F32069D32" box="[1320,1372,777,799]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001: 138; Noriega 2002: 72, 2004: 40; Philips
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFDEB242C35F19D13" box="[630,683,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004b: 59
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFCBC242D34369D13" box="[801,876,808,830]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[195,1380,179,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[195,1380,179,1891]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Frontal view of cephalic projections. 29: Gromphas aeruginosa. 29 a) Major specimen with cephalic projection extremely broad. 29 b) Major specimen with apical notch. 29 c) Worn major specimen. 29 d) Medium specimen. 29 e) Minor specimen. 30: G. lemoinei. 30 a) Major specimen. 30 b) Medium specimen. 30 c) Minor specimen. 31) G. amazonica. 32) G. inermis. 33) G. dichroa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247634/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFCE5242D34CE9D13" box="[888,916,808,830]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 62" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[433,1142,199,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[428,1160,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 62. Schematic drawings. 57 – 61: Medial sclerite of internal sac. 57) Gromphas aeruginosa. 58) G. lemoinei. 59) G. inermis. 60) G. amazonica. 61) G. dichroa. 62) Internal sac of G. aeruginosa (TE = temones; MS = medial sclerite; AS = apical sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247638/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">62</figureCitation>
|
||
; Quinteros
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFB91242C331B9D13" box="[1036,1089,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006: 78; Monaghan
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFABB242C32019D13" box="[1318,1371,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007: 681; Hamel-Leigue
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFE05244D36949D71" box="[408,462,838,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: 49, 2013: 281; Medina & Pulido 2009: 61; González-Hernández & Navarrete-Heredia 2011: 479; Figueroa
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFE042463369C9D56" box="[409,454,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012: 1; Korasaki
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFD13246335989D56" box="[654,706,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012: 427; Cupello 2013: 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF0A248133A59D95" blockId="9.[151,1437,624,952]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFF0A248135039DB7" authority="Blanchard, 1846: 181" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityPageNumber="181" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,601,900,922]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF0A2481362C9DB7" box="[151,374,900,922]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Gromphas lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard, 1846: 181
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Harold 1859: 199; Harold, 1869a: 1016, 1869b: 62; Gillet, 1911: 80; d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 138; Blackwelder, 1944: 208; Barattini & Saenz 1960: 23, 1964: 177; Hamel-Leigue
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFBFB24A633C09D95" box="[1126,1178,930,952]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009: 61.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B59736248FF0A24E0323E9A50" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF0A24E0347A9AA0" blockId="9.[151,1436,996,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF0A24E035BE9DD0" bold="true" box="[151,740,996,1022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<typeStatus id="276588725973624DFF0A24E037889DD3" box="[151,210,997,1022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFEF324E135819DD3" authority="Perty, 1830" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[366,731,996,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFEF324E135119DD0" bold="true" box="[366,587,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Perty, 1830
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="276588725973624DFD7024E3343B9DD3" box="[749,865,998,1022]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: designated by Scherer (1983), undetermined sex, (“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405973624DFF34230C364C9A0F" box="[169,278,1033,1058]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
|
||
”, “3-8 typi”, “
|
||
<typeStatus id="276588725973624DFE45230F35489A0F" box="[472,530,1034,1058]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
von
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFDFF230C34E19A0F" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" box="[610,955,1033,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFDFF230C34329A0C" box="[610,872,1033,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
Perty
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, “alte Sammlung”, “
|
||
<typeStatus id="276588725973624DFB53230C321F9A0F" box="[1230,1349,1033,1058]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFACA230F36369A6B" authority="Perty." authorityName="Perty." class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFACA230F367A9A68" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Perty.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. Dr. G. Scherer, 1981”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFD582328337D9A6B" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" box="[709,1063,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFD58232834949A68" box="[709,974,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Gromphas aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Perty)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
det. G. Scherer, 1981”), ZSMC (examined by photos [
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFE0E235436BE9A47" box="[403,484,1105,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,198,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lectotype of G. aeruginosa. 6 a) Frontal view. 6 b) Dorsal view. 6 c) Posterior view. 6 d) Lateral view. 6 e) Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247628/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
a–e]).
|
||
<typeStatus id="276588725973624DFDB12354358E9A47" box="[556,724,1105,1130]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595973624DFD42235734369A47" box="[735,876,1105,1130]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, ZSMC (not examined).—
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFB012354363E9AA3" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFB01235436059AA3" authority="Blanchard, 1846" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFB01235432C69A47" bold="true" box="[1180,1436,1105,1130]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Gromphas lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard, 1846
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Not located at MNHN; unknown to us.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF5A239C36399AD7" blockId="9.[151,1436,996,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF5A239C36319A9F" bold="true" box="[199,363,1177,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<typeStatus id="276588725973624DFF5A239C36589A9F" box="[199,258,1177,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFE1A239C35379A9F" bold="true" box="[391,621,1177,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFE1A239C35399A9F" box="[391,611,1177,1202]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFE1A239C35399A9F" bold="true" box="[391,611,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
“Habitat in mediterraneis Prov. S. Pauli et Minarum” (Perty 1830; but see comments below).—
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFE2423B934099AFB" bold="true" box="[441,851,1212,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535973624DFE2423B934179AFB" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[441,845,1212,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFE2423B935E49AF8" bold="true" box="[441,702,1212,1237]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Gromphas lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
“Province de Santa-Cruz de la Sierra (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405973624DFAAF23B832D39AFB" box="[1330,1417,1213,1238]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
)” (Blanchard 1846).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF5A220034FF9B4B" blockId="9.[151,1436,996,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25973624DFF5A2200362C9B33" bold="true" box="[199,374,1285,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Redescription:</emphasis>
|
||
Color: Anterior region of head black, remainder of dorsum with bright and metallic reflections of green, yellow, copper, and burgundy; some of these colors predominating or, more commonly, a mixture of all. Pygidium colored as elytra. Metasternum bright and of uniform color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF5A227433199813" blockId="9.[151,1436,996,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
Head: Clypeus with two lobes in the apex (in worn specimens lobes absent and apex round or truncate); margin between these lobes and genae round (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFDF8229035E49B83" box="[613,702,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Margin of genae extended beyond clypeal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFAAB229032CA9B83" box="[1334,1424,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus with smooth tegument adjacent to eyes; granulation gradually denser and squamous toward outer margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFF0222D837A29BDB" box="[159,248,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cephalic projection ranging from a low and transverse elevation arched upward to a horn flattened antero-posteriorly with apex distinctly bifid (apex truncate or rounded in worn specimens); horn granulate on both faces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFF7D212036679813" box="[224,317,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[195,1380,179,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[195,1380,179,1891]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Frontal view of cephalic projections. 29: Gromphas aeruginosa. 29 a) Major specimen with cephalic projection extremely broad. 29 b) Major specimen with apical notch. 29 c) Worn major specimen. 29 d) Medium specimen. 29 e) Minor specimen. 30: G. lemoinei. 30 a) Major specimen. 30 b) Medium specimen. 30 c) Minor specimen. 31) G. amazonica. 32) G. inermis. 33) G. dichroa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247634/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
a–e). Frons smooth adjacent to eyes and granulate in center (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFC7F2120336C9813" box="[994,1078,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF5A214C36B898E3" blockId="9.[151,1436,996,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Thorax: Lateral region of pronotum with dense squamous granulation (Fig. 16); granulation gradually sparser toward posteromedian region (Figs. 1–5). Longitudinal midline with smooth and glossy tegument present at center of pronotum (clearly in Fig. 3). Posterior pronotal fossae always present; granulation absent in fossae. Posterior margin of pronotum rounded.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF5A21DC369299AF" blockId="9.[151,1436,996,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Anterior region of pronotum with ornamentation ranging from two shallow impressions in anterior margin (Fig. 5) to prominence with two tapered projections apically obtuse or slightly acute; usually, projections largely divergent and directed towards sides of body; lateral margin of prominence curved (Fig. 1) or, less usually, straight (Fig. 2); separation between projections always very wide; anterior to prominence, a pair of concavities with smooth tegument (Fig. 16).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05973624DFF5A208B35FF99C3" blockId="9.[151,1436,996,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">
|
||
Mesosternum with dense pilosity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFDD1208835FB998B" box="[588,673,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1223,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1202]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 52. Anteromedian angle of metasternum. 49) Gromphas dichroa. 50) G. inermis. 51) G. amazonica. 52) G. aeruginosa (arrow indicates median carina of mesosternum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247636/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metasternum with fine and sparse punctation in the center, almost imperceptible in worn specimens. Anteromedian angle of metasternum flat and with rounded apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555973624DFB7620B4326799E7" box="[1259,1341,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1223,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1202]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 52. Anteromedian angle of metasternum. 49) Gromphas dichroa. 50) G. inermis. 51) G. amazonica. 52) G. aeruginosa (arrow indicates median carina of mesosternum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247636/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="448">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
), area in front of angle with evident setae (Figs. 16, 52).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05970624EFF0A229536709BCE" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<table id="8ADEC47059709DBBFF0A229532C79BCE" box="[151,1437,1424,1507]" gridcols="3" gridrows="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<tr id="46EE349259709DBBFF0A229532C79B8B" box="[151,1437,1424,1446]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<th id="053F5DEE59709DBBFF0A2295359E9B8B" box="[151,708,1424,1446]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25970624EFF0A2295359E9B8B" bold="true" box="[151,708,1424,1446]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
FIGURES 1–5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535970624EFEDF229535E59B8B" authority="Perty, 1830" authorityName="Perty" authorityYear="1830" box="[322,703,1424,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25970624EFEDF229535769B8B" bold="true" box="[322,556,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Perty, 1830)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="053F5DEE59709DBBFD56229534D09B8B" box="[715,906,1424,1446]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25970624EFD56229535BB9B8B" bold="true" box="[715,737,1424,1446]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">1)</emphasis>
|
||
Large specimen
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="053F5DEE59709DBBFC0C229532C79B8B" box="[913,1437,1424,1446]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">with curved lateral margin of pronotal prominence.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="46EE349259709DBBFF0A22AA32C79BE8" box="[151,1437,1455,1477]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<th id="053F5DEE59709DBBFF0A22AA359E9BE8" box="[151,708,1455,1477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25970624EFF0A22AA37F69BE8" bold="true" box="[151,172,1455,1477]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">2)</emphasis>
|
||
Large specimen with lateral margin of prominence
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="053F5DEE59709DBBFD5622AA34D09BE8" box="[715,906,1455,1477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">unusually straight.</td>
|
||
<td id="053F5DEE59709DBBFC0C22AA32C79BE8" box="[913,1437,1455,1477]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25970624EFC0C22AA34E19BE8" bold="true" box="[913,955,1455,1477]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">3-5)</emphasis>
|
||
Series of medium-sized and small specimens.
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="46EE349259709DBBFF0A22C832C79BCE" box="[151,1437,1485,1507]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="449" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="053F5DEE59709DBBFF0A22C8359E9BCE" box="[151,708,1485,1507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Scale = 5 mm.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05970624EFF5A210933BC989E" blockId="10.[151,1436,1547,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Legs: Protibiae very broad in both sexes; in ventral view, longitudinal carina simple in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFAA4210E32D5980E" box="[1337,1423,1547,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protibial spur with apex slightly bent laterally and downward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFCCB212B34EE986A" box="[854,948,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFC22212B3485986A" box="[959,991,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">46</figureCitation>
|
||
); inner apical protibial angle with a tuft of long setae in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFE522156357E9846" box="[463,548,1619,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical protarsomere tapered and only slightly elongate at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFA9B215632399846" box="[1286,1379,1619,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFAED215632CA9841" box="[1392,1424,1619,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metatibiae very broad and robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFDAD217335D298A2" box="[560,648,1654,1679]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesotarsi and metatarsi not particularly enlarged and with apical tarsomeres slightly curved apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFDB0219E35D8989E" box="[557,642,1691,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metatibial spur with apex distinctly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFB18219E3380989E" box="[1157,1242,1691,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05970624EFF5A21BB32DB98D1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1547,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Elytra: Striae very fine and, especially those more medial, carinulate from base to no more than midlength of of elytra, where they become simple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFDA021E635CB98D6" box="[573,657,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
); interstriae flat. Sutural margin only sparsely punctate (Figs. 1–5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05970624EFF5A20033597994A" blockId="10.[151,1436,1547,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Abdomen: Pygidium flat and not margined basally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFCB2200334D29932" box="[815,904,1798,1823]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes with a pair of weak and almost imperceptible impressions on sides. Groove of propygidium extending to base of pygidium or penetrating to its basal third. Abdominal sternites sparsely punctate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05970624EFF5A207635699982" blockId="10.[151,1436,1547,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">
|
||
Aedeagus: Phallobase, in ventral view, with a very narrow apical membranous area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFBE22076338999A1" box="[1151,1235,1907,1932]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 56" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,195,1222]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[156,1431,193,1222]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 56. Schematic drawings of aedeagi (a—dorsal view, b—lateral view, c—ventral view; dashed lines delimit ventral groove). 53) Gromphas aeruginosa. 54) G. dichroa. 55) G. inermis. 56) G. amazonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247637/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Medial sclerite strongly curved downward (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A555970624EFE4F2093357D9982" box="[466,551,1942,1967]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 62" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[433,1142,199,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[428,1160,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 62. Schematic drawings. 57 – 61: Medial sclerite of internal sac. 57) Gromphas aeruginosa. 58) G. lemoinei. 59) G. inermis. 60) G. amazonica. 61) G. dichroa. 62) Internal sac of G. aeruginosa (TE = temones; MS = medial sclerite; AS = apical sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247638/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="449">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="ACA166585971624FFF0A23C132D59AF7" box="[151,1423,1220,1242]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247628/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" targetBox="[160,1430,198,1198]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05971624FFF0A23C132D59AF7" blockId="11.[151,1423,1220,1242]" box="[151,1423,1220,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFF0A23C1353E9AF7" bold="true" box="[151,612,1220,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
FIGURE 6. Lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535971624FFE3823C1356C9AF7" box="[421,566,1220,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFE3823C1356C9AF7" bold="true" box="[421,566,1220,1242]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 6a)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Frontal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFD6B23C134409AF7" bold="true" box="[758,794,1220,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">6b)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFC3B23C1349D9AF7" bold="true" box="[934,967,1220,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">6c)</emphasis>
|
||
Posterior view.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFBF723C133D79AF7" bold="true" box="[1130,1165,1220,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">6d)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFA8323C132659AF7" bold="true" box="[1310,1343,1220,1242]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">6e)</emphasis>
|
||
Labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05971624FFF5A2207324A9B87" blockId="11.[151,1437,1282,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFF5A2207359E9B36" bold="true" box="[199,708,1282,1307]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
Measurements: Males (
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595971624FFE40220735DB9B36" box="[477,641,1282,1307]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" type="generic">65 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): TL:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 15.44;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFCD7220634219B37" box="[842,891,1283,1306]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 20.3; MN: 11.6; SD: 1.87.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFB2E220733BA9B36" bold="true" box="[1203,1248,1282,1307]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PL:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 12.42;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFAFA220632C29B37" box="[1383,1432,1283,1306]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 15.9; MN: 9.6; SD: 1.32.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFE2E222036B29B13" bold="true" box="[435,488,1317,1342]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PW:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 9.13;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFDC2222235CA9B13" box="[607,656,1319,1342]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 11.7; MN: 6.8; SD: 1.17.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFC2B222034BB9B13" bold="true" box="[950,993,1317,1342]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PP:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 2.79;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFBC5222233D09B13" box="[1112,1162,1319,1342]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 4.7; MN: 0.9; SD: 0.84.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFF0A224F36B79B4E" bold="true" box="[151,493,1354,1379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
Females (
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595971624FFE9A224F36F09B4E" box="[263,426,1354,1379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): TL:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 15.71;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFDEC224E35F99B4F" box="[625,675,1355,1378]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 20.3; MN: 11.9; SD: 1.87.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFC4A224F33599B4E" bold="true" box="[983,1027,1354,1379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PL:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 12.59;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFB14224E33E19B4F" box="[1161,1211,1355,1378]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 15.3; MN: 9.7; SD: 1.36.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFF4B226836519BAB" bold="true" box="[214,267,1389,1414]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PW:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 9.29;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFE1B226A36ED9BAB" box="[390,439,1391,1414]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 12.4; MN: 6.9; SD: 1.2.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFD45226834599BAB" bold="true" box="[728,771,1389,1414]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PP:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 2.89;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405971624FFCE3226A34F59BAB" box="[894,943,1391,1414]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">MX</collectingCountry>
|
||
: 5; M: 1; SD: 0.95.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFB0C2268379C9B86" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
Total (
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595971624FFB43226832D59BAB" box="[1246,1423,1389,1414]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" type="generic">115 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
): TL:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 15.56; SD: 1.87.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFE20229736B09B86" bold="true" box="[445,490,1426,1451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PL:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 12.49; SD: 1.34.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFD7F2297344D9B86" bold="true" box="[738,791,1426,1451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PW:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 9.19; SD: 1.18.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFB9C229733769B86" bold="true" box="[1025,1068,1426,1451]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">PP:</emphasis>
|
||
AV: 2.83; SD: 0.89.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05971624FFF5A22B0332198AF" blockId="11.[151,1437,1282,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFF5A22B0347B9BE3" bold="true" box="[199,801,1461,1486]" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
A wide variation in the degree of development of the ornamentation is observed in this species. Small specimens have the cephalic projection and especially the pronotal prominence weakly developed (in smaller specimens the pronotal prominence is completely absent and the two anterior concavities are reduced to a pair of shallow impressions [Fig. 5]), while large specimens have them well developed, with the width of pronotal prominence up to
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B355971624FFC8B2140340D9873" box="[790,855,1605,1630]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(Figs. 1–2). Between these two extremes, an entire gradual variation is present, with most specimens in an intermediate position (Figs. 3–4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059716248FF5A218833389EF8" blockId="11.[151,1437,1282,2027]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">
|
||
Previous authors mistakenly believed that this difference in development was related to sexual dimorphism. Perty (1830) stated that males had an armed head and thorax, while females had the head transversely carinate and thorax unarmed; and Blanchard (1846) thought that the cephalic horns of females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535971624FFBE221D332C698C3" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[1151,1436,1749,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFBE221D3324498C3" box="[1151,1310,1749,1774]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be brief and rudimentary. d’Olsoufieff (1924) was the first to recognize correctly that the females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535971624FFA1921FE364F991B" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFA1921FE364F991B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could have the ornamentation as developed as males; even so, in some recent works, such as the cladistic analysis of Philips
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFE502046355F9976" box="[461,517,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004b), the ornamentation is still incorrectly regarded as sexually dimorphic. We observed that the average width of the pronotal prominence does not differ significantly between the sexes, and the same is true with the cephalic projection. Having already recognized this, Barattini & Saenz (1960, 1964) pointed out the presence of a wide allometry in this species. As demonstrated for a wide variety of other dung beetles, the ornamentation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535971624FFEC320D636A199C7" box="[350,507,2003,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25971624FFEC320D636A199C7" box="[350,507,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="450">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is positively allometric in relation to body length and pronotal width, but lacks the dimorphic condition found in some other genera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FCBC279234E29E9D" box="[801,952,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onthophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FCBC279234E29E9D" box="[801,952,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Onthophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FC72279D332A9E82" box="[1007,1136,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxysternon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FC72279D332A9E82" box="[1007,1136,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Oxysternon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in other beetles (
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FAF1279C32CF9E9D" box="[1388,1429,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
, Eberhard & Gutiérrez 1991; Edmonds & Zidek 2004; Emlen 1997a, b; Kawano 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059766248FF5A27DA36559F80" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FE5827E5353B9ED5" box="[453,609,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FE5827E5353B9ED5" box="[453,609,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus appears to be restricted to that observed for the genus in general (
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FAEE27E432CF9ED5" box="[1395,1429,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, protarsus present only in females and sixth visible abdominal sternite narrowed in the middle in males and of even width in females). Barattini & Saenz (1960, 1964) observed a sexual difference in the apex of clypeus; according to them, only the females have the clypeus upturned. It is true that many well-preserved specimens of both sexes have the margin of the clypeus (and of genae, to a lesser degree) slightly folded, but we did not observe any sexual difference.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059766248FF5A26BD369B9CA9" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">
|
||
In addition to the degree of development, the shape of the ornamentation also varies. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FA1926BD364F9FD9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FA1926BD364F9FD9" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may possess the projections of pronotal prominence with apices acuminate or rounded. Most specimens have the projections widely divergent, but in a few specimens the projections are subparallel and the pronotal prominence is “U” shaped (Fig. 2). Still, all this variation occurs within a very limited range, and a cohesive unit is clearly visible. The species closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FDD2254D35B59C4D" box="[591,751,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FDD2254D35B59C4D" box="[591,751,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FC9D254D34D89C4D" box="[768,898,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FC9D254D34D89C4D" box="[768,898,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a different shape of this prominence (see discussion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FEAC256836F59CA8" box="[305,431,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FEAC256836F59CA8" box="[305,431,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059766248FF5A258A34239D38" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">
|
||
Unrelated to the development, the carinulae of the elytral striae also vary widely. In most specimens only the two most medial striae have evident carinulae, and they never extend beyond the apical half of the elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A5559766248FAA625B132D59CE1" box="[1339,1423,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, many specimens have the second stria entirely simple and the first very weakly carinulate, while in others the carinulae are evident even in the third and fourth striae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059766248FF5A241A323E9A50" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">
|
||
Harold (1869b), after observing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FDC5242535D29D15" box="[600,648,800,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FCBA242533609D15" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[807,1082,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FCBA2425349A9D15" box="[807,960,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
then deposited at the Jardin des Plantes (current MNHN), confirmed the synonymy between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FCCD244034B59D71" box="[848,1007,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FCCD244034B59D71" box="[848,1007,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FBB62440321E9D70" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[1067,1348,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FBB6244033929D70" box="[1067,1224,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that he proposed in 1859. Although we have not examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FC9B246D346C9DAD" box="[774,822,872,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FC45246D33B79DAD" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[984,1261,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FC45246D33289DAD" box="[984,1138,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see comments below), this seems to be a correct position, since the description of Blanchard is very clear and consistent with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FA192488364F9DE5" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FA192488364F9DE5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, we examined more than 20 Bolivian specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FC6324B533C59DE5" box="[1022,1183,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FC6324B533C59DE5" box="[1022,1183,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and did not find any notable difference from the rest of the species. The other species present in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059766248FC7524D133679DC0" box="[1000,1085,980,1005]" name="Bolivia" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FBD424D033E69DC1" box="[1097,1212,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FBD424D033E69DC1" box="[1097,1212,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, clearly does not fit the description given by Blanchard (
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FDDD24FC35329A3D" box="[576,616,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
, “
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FD1B24FC357F9A18" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Le prothorax est trés-épais, élevé antérieurement et muni dans cette partie de deux pointes divergentes</emphasis>
|
||
”). The only other species that would be consistent with this description,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FA19231837AD9A75" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FA19231837AD9A75" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, does not occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059766248FE46233A35749A75" box="[475,558,1087,1112]" name="Bolivia" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
or in the rest of the Amazon subregion. Also, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FB59234537889A50" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FB59234532C69A75" box="[1220,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Perty
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was at no time cited by Blanchard, suggesting that he was unaware of the description of Perty’s species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B59766249FF5A238234D19960" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059766248FF5A238235049BC8" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FF5A2382360B9A8D" bold="true" box="[199,337,1159,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FE11238D36E69A8D" box="[396,444,1160,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FDB6238D35939A8D" box="[555,713,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FDB6238D35939A8D" box="[555,713,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected during the expedition of Johann Baptist von Spix and Karl Friedrich Philip von Martius through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059766248FD3F23A935BC9AE8" box="[674,742,1196,1221]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="8C60101059766248FD6823A934229AE9" box="[757,888,1196,1220]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" value="1817" valueMax="1820">1817–1820</date>
|
||
), who, from Rio de Janeiro, toured the southeast, northeast and north of that country (Papavero 1971). Despite being cited as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FBBE23D533099AC5" box="[1059,1107,1232,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality by Perty, the former provinces and now states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059766248FB9E23F1331D9B20" box="[1027,1095,1268,1293]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
are certainly not part of the distribution of this strictly Amazonian species. None of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FC87221234E69B1D" box="[794,956,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
or the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FB8D2212332D9B1D" box="[1040,1143,1303,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FB3D221D32659B1D" box="[1184,1343,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FB3D221D32659B1D" box="[1184,1343,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess labels indicating something more precise than
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059766248FD28223935A39B78" box="[693,761,1340,1365]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A5559766248FC91223934099B78" box="[780,851,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,198,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lectotype of G. aeruginosa. 6 a) Frontal view. 6 b) Dorsal view. 6 c) Posterior view. 6 d) Lateral view. 6 e) Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247628/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Although the material collected in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059766248FF0A225A37819B55" box="[151,219,1375,1400]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in the Amazon were sent to Bavaria at different times (Papavero 1971), it is possible that they have been mixed up, which would have led to Perty’s mistake (also revealing,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FC59228133909BB0" box="[964,1226,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcomelas">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FC59228133909BB0" box="[964,1226,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Phanaeus chalcomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another Amazon species collected by Spix and Martius and originally described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FC1F22AD349D9B92" box="[898,967,1448,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FC1F22AD349D9B92" box="[898,967,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Onitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Perty (1830), also has the wrong
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FAF622AC32C69BEC" box="[1387,1436,1449,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of São Paulo and Minas Gerais).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059766248FF5A22F432489960" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">
|
||
Many
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FE9322F436649824" box="[270,318,1521,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens described by Perty were lost during World War I and II, but most of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FB4822F4325F9824" box="[1237,1285,1521,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FF0A211136739800" box="[151,297,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
survived, including eight
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FDD0211035F49800" box="[589,686,1557,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FD492110337A9801" authority="Scherer 1983" authorityName="Scherer" authorityYear="1983" box="[724,1056,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FD492110342B9801" box="[724,881,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Scherer 1983)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to Scherer (1983), the original labels written in pencil by Perty were removed from these specimens and replaced by other labels by subsequent curators. Designated by Scherer (1983), the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FC922159342E9858" box="[783,884,1628,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FC00215833609859" box="[925,1082,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FC00215833609859" box="[925,1082,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A5559766248FBD6215933D49858" box="[1099,1166,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,198,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lectotype of G. aeruginosa. 6 a) Frontal view. 6 b) Dorsal view. 6 c) Posterior view. 6 d) Lateral view. 6 e) Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247628/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) has seven labels, none written in pencil (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A5559766248FEFF217A36F298B5" box="[354,424,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1220,1242]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,198,1198]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1199]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lectotype of G. aeruginosa. 6 a) Frontal view. 6 b) Dorsal view. 6 c) Posterior view. 6 d) Lateral view. 6 e) Labels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247628/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Based on information indicated by him, the orange label written “
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FB27218533B698B5" box="[1210,1260,1664,1688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">type</typeStatus>
|
||
von
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359766248FAB5217A36029891" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259766248FAB5217A364E9891" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
Perty
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was prepared by Hans Kulzer, former preparator of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München; and the circular green label indicates that the material came from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059766248FC5721C2337798CD" box="[970,1069,1735,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The red-border label written by Scherer states “
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FED421E936E79928" box="[329,445,1772,1797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="holotype">holotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
”, although the specimen has been designated by Scherer himself (Scherer 1983) as a “lectoholotypus”, equivalent to
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FE68200A35009905" box="[501,602,1807,1832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Evenhuis 2008). It is clear that Perty (1830) based his description on more than one specimen because he made comparisons between what he considered to be males and females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059766248FF5A205D358799F0" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451">
|
||
We examined only photographs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FDE5205235BB995D" box="[632,737,1879,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and therefore could not to confirm its sex. Scherer said it was a male, but it is likely he believed that the differences in the development of ornamentation were sexually dimorphic. The confusion in sex determination probably occurred also with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259766248FB9220A533EE9994" box="[1039,1204,1952,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="451" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, of which, according to Scherer, there were three males and four females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A279D36E39F49" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
We initially doubted the commonly cited date of publication of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FC28279D33D49E9D" box="[949,1166,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FC28279D33D49E9D" box="[949,1166,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but 1830 seems to be correct. Blackwelder (1957) and Scherer (1983) cited this year as the publication of pages 1–60 of the “
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FAD627B836419ED5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Insecta Brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
” part of “
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FE0B27DA347D9ED5" box="[406,807,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Delectus Animalium Articulatorum</emphasis>
|
||
”;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FCD827E533479ED5" box="[837,1053,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FCD827E533479ED5" box="[837,1053,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described on page 39. Also published in 1830, the eighth plate has the figure “8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FC8E260034B69F31" box="[787,1004,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FC8E260034B69F31" box="[787,1004,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, the first published illustration of a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FEB5262236C79F6D" box="[296,413,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FEB5262236C79F6D" box="[296,413,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Gromphas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known to us. (The date of publication of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FCE4262D33D59F6D" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[889,1167,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FCE4262D334F9F6D" box="[889,1045,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also discussed in the comments on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FEA9264836F39F48" box="[308,425,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FEA9264836F39F48" box="[308,425,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. dichroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A266A34C39FFD" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259776249FF67267536709FA5" box="[250,298,368,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FED22675353E9FA5" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[335,612,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FED2267536B09FA5" box="[335,490,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not found by us. Based on what Blanchard (1846) wrote, we assume that is a series of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259776249FECA269036E79F80" box="[343,445,405,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. This assumption is based on the length provided for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FB91269032799F80" authority="Blanchard" authorityName="Blanchard" box="[1036,1315,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FB91269033FC9F80" box="[1036,1190,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
|
||
Blanchard
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; he did not mention an exact measurement, but a range (“
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FD0426B234269FFD" box="[665,892,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">long. 15 à 30 millim</emphasis>
|
||
”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A26D833D29D15" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
Two junior primary homonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FDD426D834059FD8" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" box="[585,863,477,501]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FDD426D834479FD9" box="[585,797,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Onitis aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Perty
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were proposed in the 19th century:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FB6C26D8367A9C35" authority="Gistel, 1831" authorityName="Gistel" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FB6C26D832C69FD9" box="[1265,1436,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">O. aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Gistel, 1831
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FECB250535D39C35" authority="Klug, 1855" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1855" box="[342,649,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FECB2505355B9C35" box="[342,513,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">O. aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Klug, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first name was proposed for a Brazilian species, but has not been cited (as valid or invalid) by any other author since; as its description is too vague and no
|
||
<typeStatus id="2765887259776249FB5D252033AA9C10" box="[1216,1264,549,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are known to exist, Cupello (2013) regarded it as a
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FD7C254C34D69C4D" box="[737,908,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to suppress the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FC8D2568335D9CA8" authority="Gistel" authorityName="Gistel" box="[784,1031,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FC8D256834E69CA9" box="[784,956,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">O. aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Gistel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the purposes of the Principle of Priority and of the Principle of Homonymy. The Klug’s name, however, is consistently and largely applied to an Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FE3225B036A99CE1" box="[431,499,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FE3225B036A99CE1" box="[431,499,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Onitis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it is not considered as congeneric of Perty’s species since the latter was transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FEA125D236EB9CDD" box="[316,433,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FEA125D236EB9CDD" box="[316,433,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Gromphas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Harold (1859). Therefore, in order to preserve stability, Cupello (2013) asked the ICZN to rule that the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FE5125F835ED9D38" authority="Klug" authorityName="Klug" box="[460,695,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FE5125F835229D39" box="[460,632,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">O. aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Klug
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not invalid by reason to being a junior primary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FA1C25F836399D15" authority="Perty" authorityName="Perty" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FA1C25F8367A9D15" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">O. aeruginosus</emphasis>
|
||
Perty
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus remains as the valid name of this African dung beetle species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A244132CC9A3D" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
The reported occurrences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FD85244035E29D71" box="[536,696,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FD85244035E29D71" box="[536,696,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FD79244034169D70" box="[740,844,837,861]" name="Paraguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Heyne & Taschemberg 1908) and in the Guianas (Vulcano & Pereira 1967) are probably incorrect. The presence in the Colombian departments of Meta and Casanare, as pointed out by Medina & Pulido (2009), is also unlikely; it is possible that the specimens studied by them are misidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FE0624B535419DE5" box="[411,539,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FE0624B535419DE5" box="[411,539,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in fact, we examined several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FB9324B533D79DE5" box="[1038,1165,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FB9324B533D79DE5" box="[1038,1165,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in Meta). The specimens from the MZSP collection recorded for Santa Catarina,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FC5124D133499DC0" box="[972,1043,980,1005]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, certainly are mislabeled. These specimens were found in a drawer among specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FC9924FD342C9A3D" box="[772,886,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FC9924FD342C9A3D" box="[772,886,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that had the same labels, correct for that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A231937BA9A8D" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FF5A231936179A18" bold="true" box="[199,333,1052,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Bionomics:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FEC5231935029A19" box="[344,600,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FEC5231935029A19" box="[344,600,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be a common species in artificial open environments and in natural Amazonian savannas (Amezquita
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FDE9234435F59A75" box="[628,687,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999, Kirk 1992, Ohaus 1909). Specimens are found in pastures feeding on cattle and equine dung, and are also collected in traps baited with human feces (Hamel-Leigue
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FAFF236032C69A50" box="[1378,1436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A23A9332E9B79" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
Regarding the activity time, Kirk (1992) and Hamel-Leigue
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FC0923A8348B9AE8" box="[916,977,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009) observed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FB4623A832279AE9" box="[1243,1405,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FB4623A832279AE9" box="[1243,1405,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diurnal. However, specimens collected in Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FCF123CA34E89AC5" box="[876,946,1231,1256]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by R. L. Gonçalves have labels stating that they have been caught in a light trap. This species is also common at lights in towns of Acre and Rondonia in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FAC523F132C69B20" box="[1368,1436,1268,1293]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(FZVM, personal observation). The altitudinal range recorded for this species is
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B3559776249FBA4221233E09B02" box="[1081,1210,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="345.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="190.0">190–500 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FB7F2212326F9B1D" box="[1250,1333,1303,1328]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Hamel- Leigue
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FF712238367E9B78" box="[236,292,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009) and
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B3559776249FE3F2239357B9B79" box="[418,545,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="275.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="200.0">200–350 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FDD8223935E99B78" box="[581,691,1340,1365]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Amezquita
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FCD8223834249B78" box="[837,894,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999, Noriega 2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A225A36BE9BB0" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
Based on the specimen labels examined in this present work, we can say that the adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359776249FB4E2265322B9B55" box="[1235,1393,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FB4E2265322B9B55" box="[1235,1393,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are collected throughout the year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D059776249FF5A22A234D19960" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FF5A22A236AD9BED" bold="true" box="[199,503,1447,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Geographic distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Amazonian subregion: Napo, Imeri, Varzea, Ucayali, Madeira, Tapajós-Xingú, Pantanal and Yungas. Chacoan subregion: Chaco.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FD4522C934DA9BC8" bold="true" box="[728,896,1484,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FD4522C934219BC8" box="[728,891,1484,1509]" name="Colombia" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Huila: Gigante. Amazonas: Letícia.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FABA22C932C19BC8" bold="true" box="[1319,1435,1484,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FABA22C932CC9BC8" box="[1319,1430,1484,1509]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Amazonas: Benjamin Constant, Borba, Eirunepé, Fonte Boa, Guajará, Itacoatiara, Manacapuru, Manaus, Parintins, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, São Paulo de Olivença, Tabatinga, Tefé. Pará: Altamira, Juruti, Óbidos, Santarém. Acre: Bujari, Cruzeiro do Sul, Feijó, Rio Branco. Rondônia: Porto Velho.
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FC5B21323307987D" bold="true" box="[966,1117,1591,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FC5B21323302987D" box="[966,1112,1591,1616]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Napo. Orellana: Francisco Orellana (Chiruisla Station).
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FE79215935639858" bold="true" box="[484,569,1628,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FE792159356E9858" box="[484,564,1628,1653]" name="Peru" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Loreto: Maynas (Iquitos). San Martin: San Martin (El Porvernir). Ucayali: Coronel Portillo (Iparía; Callería: Pucallpa; Yarinacocha. Huánuco: Leoncio Prado (Tingo María). Madre de Dios: Tahuamanu (Iñapari); Tambopata (Puerto Maldonado: Lago Sandoval). Cuzco: Quispicanchi (Camanti: Quince Mil).
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FF4A21C2360098CD" bold="true" box="[215,346,1735,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059776249FF4A21C2360F98CD" box="[215,341,1735,1760]" name="Bolivia" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Beni: (El Trapiche: Estación Biológica del Beni). Santa Cruz: Agustín Saavedra, Andrés Ibáñez (El Torno: La Angostura; Palmasola; Potrerillos del Guenda), Cordillera, Florida (Pampa Grande: Mataral), Ichilo (Buena Vista), José Miguel de Velasco (San Miguel de Velasco), Ñuflo de Chávez (Los Troncos), Obispo Santistevan (Montero; Saavedra). Cochabamba: Chapare. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60E52A5559776249FCB7203134249960" box="[810,894,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1595]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1595]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 66. Distribution map of the five species of Gromphas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247640/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5977624BFF5A205236379D89" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="F86136D05977624BFF5A205236379D89" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,933]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FF5A205236E9995D" bold="true" box="[199,435,1879,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">Material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FE21205D3575995D" box="[444,559,1879,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="male">320 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FDF5205D35AB995D" box="[616,753,1879,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="female">271 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(381 with undetermined sex).
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259776249FBCA2052338D995D" bold="true" box="[1111,1239,1879,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452">BOLlVIA:</emphasis>
|
||
without date and collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FE872079363899B8" box="[282,354,1916,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(BMNH). COCHABAMBA: Chapare, without date and collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FBE42079339B99B8" box="[1145,1217,1916,1941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Chapare, without date, Zischka col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FE7920A5351E9994" box="[484,580,1952,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Chapare,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FCB620A534259995" box="[811,895,1952,1976]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B3559776249FCB620A534219995" box="[811,891,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
, without date, Zischka col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FB4620A5327F9994" box="[1243,1317,1952,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC). SANTA CRUZ: Flórida, Pampa Grande, Mataral,
|
||
<date id="8C60101059776249FD5220C1340199F1" box="[719,859,1988,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" value="1994-12-08">08.XII.1994</date>
|
||
, M. Quiroz col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD5959776249FBB220C1332C99F0" box="[1071,1142,1988,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="452" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); Cordillera, Rio Parapetí,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFE9F279236179E9D" box="[258,333,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1964-01">I.1964</date>
|
||
, Martínez col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD8F279235009E9D" box="[530,602,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); José Miguel de Velasco, San Miguel de Velasco,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFA91279232C29E9D" box="[1292,1432,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="2009-12-26">26.XII.2009</date>
|
||
, Vidaurre
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25974624AFE9D27B836689EF8" box="[256,306,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="453">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. cols.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE0B27B936879EF8" box="[406,477,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Obispo Santisteva, Cuatro Ojos, without date and collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFA9227B9320F9EF8" box="[1295,1365,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFA1327B937B99ED5" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Obispo Santisteva, Montero, Rio Piraí,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFCBA27E534FD9ED5" box="[807,935,224,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1987-03-23">23.III.1987</date>
|
||
, F. D. B. col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBF427DA33939ED5" box="[1129,1225,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); Obispo Santisteva, Rio Piraí,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFE01260135509F31" box="[412,522,260,284]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1994-01-08">08.I.1994</date>
|
||
, S. Graz col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD51260134439F30" box="[716,793,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFCC6260134989F30" box="[859,962,260,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); Obispo Santisteva, Saavedra, CIMCA (Centro Integral de Manejo del Comportamiento Animal),
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC14262D33519F6D" box="[905,1035,296,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1987-09-10">10.IX.1987</date>
|
||
, C. J. Pruett col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB7F262232729F6D" box="[1250,1320,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); Obispo Santisteva, Saavedra, CIMCA,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFDC5264935809F49" box="[600,730,332,356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1988-09-09">09.IX.1988</date>
|
||
, C. J. Pruett col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC232649335C9F48" box="[958,1030,332,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); Gutierrez, Nueva Moka,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A266A37AE9FA5" box="[151,244,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1956-03">III.1956</date>
|
||
, A. Martínez col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE45266A356F9FA5" box="[472,565,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Ichilo, Buena Vista, 700 pés (
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC6F266A331E9FA5" box="[1010,1092,367,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B355974624AFC6F266A331A9FA5" box="[1010,1088,367,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.18" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" unit="m" value="518.0">518 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFBC4267533F59FA5" box="[1113,1199,368,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1922-10">X.1922</date>
|
||
, J. Steinbach co.l—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFA0E266A37979F80" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(BMNH); Ichilo, Buena Vista,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFDA9269135249F80" box="[564,638,404,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1950-01">I.1950</date>
|
||
, A. Martínez col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFCF8269134F79F80" box="[869,941,404,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC7B269133129F80" box="[998,1096,404,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Ichilo, Buena Vista,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A26B237B19FFD" box="[151,235,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1950-02">II.1950</date>
|
||
, without collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE4B26B235719FFD" box="[470,555,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(MLPA); Sara, Nueva Moka,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC1826B2348A9FFD" box="[901,976,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1963-01">I.1963</date>
|
||
, A. Martínez col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB2526B2325A9FFD" box="[1208,1280,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFAA426BD32C69FFD" box="[1337,1436,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP).
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25974624AFE9D26D9362E9FD8" bold="true" box="[256,372,476,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405974624AFE9D26D936359FD8" box="[256,367,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="453">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ACRE: Bujari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFDBA26D935F39FD8" box="[551,681,476,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1995-06-20">20.VI.1995</date>
|
||
, L. M. de Andrade col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC5726D9337F9FD8" box="[970,1061,476,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Bujari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFB7326D932239FD8" box="[1262,1401,476,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1995-07-09">09.VII.1995</date>
|
||
, L. M. de Andrade col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE1226FA36B19C35" box="[399,491,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Cruzeiro do Sul,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC8226FA34249C35" box="[799,894,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1952-06">VI.1952</date>
|
||
, J. Correa col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBA426FA33D59C35" box="[1081,1167,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB5826FA326A9C35" box="[1221,1328,511,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Cruzeiro do Sul,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFEC0252136E69C10" box="[349,444,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1952-09">IX.1952</date>
|
||
, J. Correia col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD15252135BB9C10" box="[648,737,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC81252134D19C10" box="[796,907,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBB0252133DF9C10" box="[1069,1157,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB5D252132759C10" box="[1216,1327,548,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Cruzeiro do Sul,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFEF82542369E9C4D" box="[357,452,583,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1956-09">IX.1956</date>
|
||
, R. L. Gonçalves col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD7B2542341B9C4D" box="[742,833,583,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC1F254234A99C4D" box="[898,1011,583,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Cruzeiro do Sul, Fazenda Morada Nova,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175974624AFEDF2569369A9CA8" box="[322,448,620,645]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" precision="15" value="-7.6325">07º37’57”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175974624AFE57256935039CA8" box="[458,601,620,645]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" precision="15" value="-72.728615">72º43’43”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFDFB256934579CA8" box="[614,781,620,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1996-11-25" valueMax="1996-11-26" valueMin="1996-11-25">25-26.XI.1996</date>
|
||
, C. S. Motta
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25974624AFC3B256834BA9CA8" box="[934,992,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="453">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBB3256933DF9CA8" box="[1070,1157,620,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(INPA); Feijó,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFAA5256932CD9CA8" box="[1336,1431,620,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1956-11">XI.1956</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFEA6258A36FE9C85" box="[315,420,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">22 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE792595353C9C85" box="[484,614,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">23 females</specimenCount>
|
||
; Feijó,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFD5F258A34719C85" box="[706,811,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1956-12">XII.1956</date>
|
||
, Werner col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC7C258A33769C85" box="[993,1068,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBF1259533869C85" box="[1132,1244,655,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Iquiri,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A25B136529CE0" box="[151,264,692,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1951-08">VIII.1951</date>
|
||
, without collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD9D25B135169CE0" box="[512,588,692,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Rio Branco,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFCF825B134809CE1" box="[869,986,692,716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1988-05-30">30.V.1988</date>
|
||
, Craveiro col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB3925B133AB9CE0" box="[1188,1265,692,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Rio Branco,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF6825DD36D39CDD" box="[245,393,728,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1994-08-11">11.VIII.1994</date>
|
||
, M. L. Guerreiro col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD0A25D235A89CDD" box="[663,754,727,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Rio Branco,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC6B25DD33D09CDD" box="[1014,1162,728,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1994-08-19">19.VIII.1994</date>
|
||
, N. Batista col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFAC825D232C19CDD" box="[1365,1435,727,752]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Rio Branco,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFE0325F935469D38" box="[414,540,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1995-04-14">14.IV.1995</date>
|
||
, M. F. S. de Oliveira & A. M. de Almeida—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBAB25F933CE9D38" box="[1078,1172,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Rio Branco,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A241A36439D15" box="[151,281,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1995-06-10">10.VI.1995</date>
|
||
, S. M. N. Galdino col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDDD241A35C49D15" box="[576,670,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Rio Branco,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC36241A33769D15" box="[939,1068,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1995-06-15">15.VI.1995</date>
|
||
, S. M. F. Almeida col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFACE241A32C19D15" box="[1363,1435,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFF54244136779D70" box="[201,301,836,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Rio Branco, Campus Universitário,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFCDA244134929D71" box="[839,968,836,861]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1982-03-15">15.III.1982</date>
|
||
, William col.—1 with undetermined sex (DZRJ). AMAZONAS: Benjamin Constant, III-IV.1942, A. Parko col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC50246233799DAD" box="[973,1059,871,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBC7246D33E19DAD" box="[1114,1211,871,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Benjamin Constant,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFE90248936319D88" box="[269,363,908,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1960-11">XI.1960</date>
|
||
, collector illegible—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDFB2489359C9D88" box="[614,710,908,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Benjamin Constant,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFBB2248933C29D88" box="[1071,1176,908,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1960-12">XII.1960</date>
|
||
, L. G. Pereira col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFA13248937829DE5" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE8B24B536DC9DE5" box="[278,390,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Benjamin Constant, 0
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFD6324B534359DE5" box="[766,879,944,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="2004-03-09">9.III.2004</date>
|
||
, P. H. Silva col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBCC24AA33EB9DE5" box="[1105,1201,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Benjamin Constant,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175974624AFE9724D136D59DC0" box="[266,399,980,1005]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" precision="15" value="-21.429167">21º25’45’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175974624AFE0524D135739DC0" box="[408,553,980,1005]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" precision="15" value="-44.60583">44º36’21’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFDAB24D135CF9DC1" box="[566,661,980,1004]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="2008-09">IX.2008</date>
|
||
, V. Korasaki col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFCE424D1349A9DC0" box="[889,960,980,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A24FD37A89A3D" box="[151,242,1016,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1942-04">IV.1942</date>
|
||
, B. Pohl col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE3D24F236AC9A3D" box="[416,502,1015,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDB024FD35C49A3D" box="[557,670,1015,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
; Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari, IV-VI.1942, A. Parko col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFAC824F232C69A3D" box="[1365,1436,1015,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFF57231936759A18" box="[202,303,1052,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC82231934D29A19" box="[799,904,1052,1076]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1942-07">VII.1942</date>
|
||
, A. Parko col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBCE231933EE9A18" box="[1107,1204,1052,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFE08233A355D9A75" box="[405,519,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1960-08">VIII.1960</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD26233A344F9A75" box="[699,789,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFCC9234534929A75" box="[852,968,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
; Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFAD0233A32C29A75" box="[1357,1432,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1961-01">I.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFEA3236136C29A50" box="[318,408,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE442361351A9A50" box="[473,576,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFBAA236133CF9A50" box="[1079,1173,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1961-03">III.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFACD236132C69A50" box="[1360,1436,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari, I-VIII.1961, Dirings col.—136 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFE6123A935149AE8" box="[508,590,1196,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1961-05">V.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD6323A934039AE8" box="[766,857,1196,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A23CA36529AC5" box="[151,264,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1961-08">VIII.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE5D23CA357D9AC5" box="[448,551,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">13 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDF523CA35839AC5" box="[616,729,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFB5223CA326D9AC5" box="[1231,1335,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1961-12">XII.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFF4123F1366B9B20" box="[220,305,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFEFA23F136889B20" box="[359,466,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC3B23F134A19B20" box="[934,1019,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1962-10">X.1962</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB3A23F133A19B20" box="[1191,1275,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFAAD23F132C69B20" box="[1328,1436,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFDF9221235999B1D" box="[612,707,1303,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1962-11">XI.1962</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFCEE221234949B1D" box="[883,974,1303,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari, IX-XI.1962, Dirings col.—210 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFB7D223932669B78" box="[1248,1340,1340,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1963-04">IV.1963</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFF43225A36169B55" box="[222,332,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFCA1225A34CB9B55" box="[828,913,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1963-10">X.1963</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBDA225A33EC9B55" box="[1095,1206,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari, Alto Amazonas, without date, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC172281348C9BB0" box="[906,982,1412,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB92228133289BB0" box="[1039,1138,1412,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Borba,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFAA7228132CD9BB1" box="[1338,1431,1412,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1943-03">III.1943</date>
|
||
, A. Parko col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFED122A236FC9BED" box="[332,422,1447,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE7F22AD350B9BED" box="[482,593,1447,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD6922AD34199BED" box="[756,835,1447,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Borba,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405974624AFB8922AD33149B92" box="[1044,1102,1448,1471]" name="Malta" pageId="14" pageNumber="453">Mata</collectingCountry>
|
||
do Borba,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFB4E22AD327D9BED" box="[1235,1319,1448,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1943-02">II.1943</date>
|
||
, A. Parko col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFF4122C9366C9BC8" box="[220,310,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE4022C935179BC8" box="[477,589,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Codajás,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFCA822C934F49BC8" box="[821,942,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1935-10-10">10.X.1935</date>
|
||
, without collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB0322C933AD9BC8" box="[1182,1271,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFAAB22C932C69BC8" box="[1334,1436,1484,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Eirunepé (João Pessoa), Rio Juruá,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFD0C22EA34499825" box="[657,787,1519,1544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1936-09-10">10.IX.1936</date>
|
||
, Zellibor-Hauff col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB8922EA332A9825" box="[1044,1136,1519,1544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFA9122F5320D9825" box="[1292,1367,1519,1544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFA1322F537B49800" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Fonte Boa,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFE78211135609800" box="[485,570,1556,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1975-10">X.1975</date>
|
||
, F. M. Oliveira col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFCA8211134D09800" box="[821,906,1556,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC5E2111336A9800" box="[963,1072,1556,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Guajará,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFA912111322E9801" box="[1292,1396,1556,1580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1943-07">VII.1943</date>
|
||
, A. Parko col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFEB12132362F987D" box="[300,373,1591,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Lago Amanã,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFD0D213D35AA987D" box="[656,752,1592,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1983-11">XI.1983</date>
|
||
, R. C. Best col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC5721323349987D" box="[970,1043,1591,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBD3213D33E8987D" box="[1102,1202,1591,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(INPA); Itacoatiara,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A215937AC9858" box="[151,246,1628,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1961-11">XI.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE202159357F9858" box="[445,549,1628,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Manacapuru, Costa do Pesqueiro II,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175974624AFB1C215933A49858" box="[1153,1278,1628,1653]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" precision="15" value="-3.3930554">03º23’35”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA50175974624AFA95215932C29858" box="[1288,1432,1628,1653]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" precision="15" value="-60.615833">60º36’57”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF0A217A364398B5" box="[151,281,1663,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="2006-09-16">16.IX.2006</date>
|
||
, F. F. Xavier col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD92217A350198B5" box="[527,603,1663,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(INPA); Manaus, without date and collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB12217A33B298B5" box="[1167,1256,1663,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFAB7218532C698B5" box="[1322,1436,1663,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Manaus,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFEF321A1368C9891" box="[366,470,1700,1724]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1927-07">VII.1927</date>
|
||
, J. F. Zikán col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD2821A1344E9890" box="[693,788,1700,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Manaus,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC6A21A133339891" box="[1015,1129,1700,1724]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1927-08">VIII.1927</date>
|
||
, J. F. Zikán col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFADE21A132C69890" box="[1347,1436,1700,1725]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Manaus, 1936, A. Ducke col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDE521C2358D98CD" box="[632,727,1735,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Manaus, INPA/Aleixo,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFBC121C2338198CD" box="[1116,1243,1735,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1990-04-06">06.IV.1990</date>
|
||
, J. A. O. Guerra col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFF4121E9366F9928" box="[220,309,1772,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(INPA); Manaus, Rio Negro, VII (without year), J. F. Zikán col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBCD21E933C09928" box="[1104,1178,1772,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(FIOC); Manaus, Rio Negro,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFF71201536049905" box="[236,350,1808,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1927-08">VIII.1927</date>
|
||
, J. F. Zikán col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDA8200A35269905" box="[565,636,1807,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFD282015344D9905" box="[693,791,1807,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Parintins, 1921, Garbe col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB43200A326A9905" box="[1246,1328,1807,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Rio Negro, without date and collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC0E203134B59960" box="[915,1007,1844,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); São Paulo de Olivença, Rio Solimões, without date, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDC9205235C7995D" box="[596,669,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Tabatinga,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFC0C205234A0995D" box="[913,1018,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1956-12">XII.1956</date>
|
||
, Pereira col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFB38205233A7995D" box="[1189,1277,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFAA5205D32C6995D" box="[1336,1436,1879,1904]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Tefé, without date, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFDE12079358899B8" box="[636,722,1916,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC95207934D899B8" box="[776,898,1916,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Tefé, without date, J. F. Zikán col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFA0E207937B99994" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Tefé, VIII (without year), J. F. Zikán,—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFC8B20A534019994" box="[790,859,1952,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Tefé,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFB9720A533269995" box="[1034,1148,1952,1976]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1921-08">VIII.1921</date>
|
||
, J. F. Zikán col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFADA20A532C69994" box="[1351,1436,1952,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(FIOC) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFEB720C1362099F0" box="[298,378,1988,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFE2620C1357A99F0" box="[443,544,1988,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Tefé,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFD7F20C1341B99F1" box="[738,833,1988,2012]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1921-09">IX.1921</date>
|
||
, without collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595974624AFBAA20C133DB99F0" box="[1079,1153,1988,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Tefé,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105974624AFADF20C032CD99F0" box="[1346,1431,1988,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="453" value="1958-10">X.1958</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—14 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Tefé,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFCA7279234F69E9D" box="[826,940,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1960-08">VIII.1960</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—15 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Tefé,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFEA227B936F29EF8" box="[319,424,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1961-12">XII.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFDC927B935F29EF8" box="[596,680,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFD4027B934649EF8" box="[733,830,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Tefé,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFC7027B933119EF8" box="[1005,1099,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1962-03">III.1962</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFB6A27B932109EF8" box="[1271,1354,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFA1D27B937B99ED5" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">10 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Tefé,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFE3827E5354C9ED5" box="[421,534,224,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1991-08">VIII.1991</date>
|
||
, O. Roppa & P. Magno cols.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFC0827DA33569ED5" box="[917,1036,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">128 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFBD227E533949ED5" box="[1103,1230,223,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">87 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ). PARÁ: Altamira, Rio Xingu, without date, J. F. Zikán col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFC842601343F9F30" box="[793,869,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFC35260133559F30" box="[936,1039,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(FIOC); Juruti, without date and collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFE87262236389F6D" box="[282,354,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFE02262D35549F6D" box="[415,526,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Óbidos,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFD762622340E9F6D" box="[747,852,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1953-12">XII.1953</date>
|
||
, J. Brazilino col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFBA7262233D99F6D" box="[1082,1155,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ); Santarém,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFAEB262D36789F48" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1967-12-27" valueMax="1967-12-28" valueMin="1967-12-27">27- 28.XII.1967</date>
|
||
, Exp. Perm. Amaz. col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFDCC264935C39F48" box="[593,665,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP). RONDÔNIA: Porto Velho, Rio Madeira,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFB79264932609F49" box="[1252,1338,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1932-10">X.1932</date>
|
||
, B. Pohl col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFF41266A36699FA5" box="[220,307,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFEF62675368D9FA5" box="[363,471,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP). SANTA CATARINA: Rio Vermelho,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFC6E266A33009FA5" box="[1011,1114,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1961-12">XII.1961</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFA97266A32369FA5" box="[1290,1388,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFF0A2690365F9F80" box="[151,261,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Rio Vermelho,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFDB7269135DF9F80" box="[554,645,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1963-04">IV.1963</date>
|
||
, Dirings col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFCAA269134D79F80" box="[823,909,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFC552691336D9F80" box="[968,1079,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP).
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25975624BFB31269132099F80" bold="true" box="[1196,1363,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405975624BFB31269132159F80" box="[1196,1359,404,429]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="454">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1905, Fry col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFE8C26B236009FFD" box="[273,346,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFE0A26BD36A19FFD" box="[407,507,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(BMNH); 1910, Fry col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFCDD26B234D09FFD" box="[832,906,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(BMNH). AMAZONAS: Letícia,
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B355975624BFA8726BD323E9FFD" box="[1306,1380,439,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" unit="ft" value="700.0">700 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFAEB26BD36719FD9" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1970-08-08" valueMax="1970-08-09" valueMin="1970-08-08">08- 09.VIII.1970</date>
|
||
, H. & A. Howden cols.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFDF926D935F49FD8" box="[612,686,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFD7126D9340A9FD8" box="[748,848,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); Letícia,
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B355975624BFBAC26D933269FD8" box="[1073,1148,476,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" unit="ft" value="700.0">700 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFB1226D932769FD8" box="[1167,1324,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1972-02-19" valueMax="1972-02-25" valueMin="1972-02-19">19-25.II.1972</date>
|
||
, H. & A. Howden cols.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFECE26FA36C09C35" box="[339,410,511,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC); Letícia,
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B355975624BFDE9250535E69C35" box="[628,700,511,536]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" unit="ft" value="700.0">700 ft</quantity>
|
||
.,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFD50250534D79C35" box="[717,909,512,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1974-02-23" valueMax="1974-03-02" valueMin="1974-02-23">23.II-02.III.1974</date>
|
||
, H. & A. Howden cols.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFB2426FA325B9C35" box="[1209,1281,511,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFAA7250532C69C35" box="[1338,1436,511,536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CMNC). CALQUETÁ: Vegas Del Calquetá, without date, O. Rojas col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFB9D252133059C10" box="[1024,1119,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MIZA). HUILA: Gigante,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFF0A254D37A59C4D" box="[151,255,584,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1979-07">VII.1979</date>
|
||
, O. Rojas col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFE5E254235469C4D" box="[451,540,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFDC4254D35939C4D" box="[601,713,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MIZA); Gigante,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFC34254D33449C4D" box="[937,1054,584,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1981-06-04">4.VI.1981</date>
|
||
, O. Rojas col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFB7B254232759C4D" box="[1254,1327,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MIZA); Gigante, parte alta da cordilheira, without date, O. Rojas col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFCC1256934E29CA8" box="[860,952,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MIZA); Gigante, parte alta da cordilheira, 1981, O. Rojas col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFE05258A36AD9C85" box="[408,503,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MIZA); Gigante, parte alta da cordilheira,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFC64258A33D69C85" box="[1017,1164,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1982-01-06" valueMax="1982-01-07" valueMin="1982-01-06">06-07.I.1982</date>
|
||
, O. Rojas col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFACF258A32C69C85" box="[1362,1436,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MIZA); Gigante, sopé da cordilheira, whitout date, O. Rojas col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFC2925B134A49CE0" box="[948,1022,692,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MIZA).
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25975624BFBE925B132519CE0" bold="true" box="[1140,1291,692,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405975624BFBE925B1325C9CE0" box="[1140,1286,692,717]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="454">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NAPO: Rio Coca,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFF7E25DD36189CDD" box="[227,322,728,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="2000-09">IX.2000</date>
|
||
, D. J. Inward & K. A. Jackson cols.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFC8125D2343D9CDD" box="[796,871,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(BMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25975624BFC7025D233189CDD" bold="true" box="[1005,1090,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80C976405975624BFC7025D233679CDD" box="[1005,1085,727,752]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="454">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
UCAYALI: Coronel Portillo, Pucallpa,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFE9625F936299D39" box="[267,371,764,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1978-12">XII.1978</date>
|
||
, without collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFDF725F935919D38" box="[618,715,764,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Coronel Portillo, Pucallpa, X-XI.1992, L. E. Peña col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFF7C241A366A9D15" box="[225,304,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFEE7242536B59D15" box="[378,495,799,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Coronel Portillo, Pucallpa, Rio Ucayalli,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFBE9242533E49D15" box="[1140,1214,800,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B355975624BFBE9242533E09D15" box="[1140,1210,800,824]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" unit="m" value="200.0">200m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFB4E242532689D15" box="[1235,1330,800,824]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1947-09">IX.1947</date>
|
||
, without collector—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFE872441363B9D70" box="[282,353,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP); Coronel Portillo, Yarinacocha,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFCAA244134D39D71" box="[823,905,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="3F269B355975624BFCAA244134DF9D71" box="[823,901,836,861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFC0B244133639D70" box="[918,1081,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="2001-07-08" valueMax="2001-07-15" valueMin="2001-07-08">8-15.VII.2001</date>
|
||
, D. Curoe col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFB612441320E9D70" box="[1276,1364,836,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFA13244137B49DAD" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(CEMT); Coronel Portillo, Yarinacocha, Rio Ucayali,
|
||
<date id="8C6010105975624BFCC72462348B9DAD" box="[858,977,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" value="1946-10-11">11.X.1946</date>
|
||
, J. Schunke col.—
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFB342462325D9DAD" box="[1193,1287,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MNRJ) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595975624BFF0A248936599D88" box="[151,259,908,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="454" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(MZSP).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |