treatments-xml/data/70/77/87/707787C659636261FF0A238D330E9A75.xml

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<mods:title id="816B0B2816ACFEBD303A26CBFC6A55F3">Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="472591881177B6CA42C1485441361A72">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F208291D733CAE39315839BDA26CAE17">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="707787C659636261FF0A238D330E9A75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5668597" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119580669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5668597" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:707787C659636261FF0A238D330E9A75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/707787C659636261FF0A238D330E9A75" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="475" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5963625DFF0A238D34EF9B49" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF0A238D35659A8F" blockId="25.[151,692,1159,1219]" box="[151,575,1159,1186]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="A32981BC5963625DFF0A238D35659A8F" bold="true" box="[151,575,1159,1186]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF0A238D35659A8F" bold="true" box="[151,575,1159,1186]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
5. 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFF29238235659A8F" ID-CoL="6L4GZ" authority="Harold, 1869" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[180,575,1159,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF29238236CF9A8C" bold="true" box="[180,405,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Gromphas inermis</emphasis>
Harold, 1869
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF0A23AF35EE9AEE" blockId="25.[151,692,1159,1219]" box="[151,692,1194,1219]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<figureCitation id="60E52A555963625DFF0A23AF37B29AEE" box="[151,232,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
, 20, 23, 28, 32, 40, 43, 50, 55, 59, 65–66
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF0A23F734EF9B49" blockId="25.[151,1437,1266,1748]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFF0A23F735C79B25" authority="Harold, 1869b: 62" authorityName="Harold" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,669,1266,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF0A23F736099B25" box="[151,339,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Gromphas inermis</emphasis>
Harold, 1869b: 62, 1869a: 1016
</taxonomicName>
; Bates 1870: 175; Burmeister 1874: 130; Preudhomme-de-Borre 1886: 105; Judulien 1899: 375; Gahan &amp; Arrow 1903: 246; Heyne &amp; Taschenberg 1908: 64; Tremoleras 1910: 25; Bruch 1911: 189; Gillet 1911: 80; d’Olsoufieff 1924: 59; Blackwelder 1944: 208; Barattini &amp; Saenz, 1960: 25, 1964: 179; Halffter &amp; Matthews 1966: 131; Martínez 1989: 67; Tylianakis &amp; Dimaki 2006: 291.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B5963625DFF0A226832C698F9" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="description">
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF0A226836E9989B" blockId="25.[151,1437,1266,1748]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFF0A226835019BAE" authority="Burmeister, 1874: 130" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,603,1389,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairii">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF0A226836299BAE" box="[151,371,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Gromphas lacordairii</emphasis>
Burmeister, 1874: 130
</taxonomicName>
(cited as “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFD5A226B34F89BAE" authority="Dejean" authorityName="Dejean" box="[711,930,1389,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFD5A226B34089BAE" box="[711,850,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
Dejean
</taxonomicName>
” or “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFC4A226B33F79BAE" authority="Brulle" authorityName="Brulle" box="[983,1197,1389,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFC4A226B33399BAE" box="[983,1123,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
Brullé
</taxonomicName>
”); Lacordaire 1876: 10, plate 27 Fig. 4; Tremoleras 1910: 25; Bruch 1911: 189; Gillet 1911: 80; Fabre 1919: 244; d’Olsoufieff 1924: 20, 59, 139, plate II Fig. 2, plate IX; Manter 1928: 345; Pessoa &amp; Lane 1941: 472; Blackwelder 1944: 208; Lange 1947: 313; Lima 1953: 62; Ruffinelli &amp; Carbonell 1953: 25; Janssens 1954: plate II; Martínez 1959: 95; Barattini &amp; Saenz 1960: 25, 1964: 179; Halffter &amp; Matthews 1966: 131, 225; Halffter &amp; Edmonds 1982: 84, 86; Martínez, 1989: 67; Flechmann 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFAB522EC320F9BD3" box="[1320,1365,1512,1534]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
. 1995: 267; Flechmann &amp; Rodrigues 1995: 304; Louzada 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFD5B210D35A39831" box="[710,761,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
1996: 164; Monteresino 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFC68210D33729831" box="[1013,1064,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
1996: 109; Walsh &amp; Gandolfo 1996: 582, 583 Fig. 1E, 285–287; Walsh &amp; Cordo 1997: 194; Martínez &amp; Cruz 1999: 805; Koller 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFBC2212333C89816" box="[1119,1170,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
1999: 405, 2007: 85; Vazde-Mello 2000: 193; Morelli 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFE612140356B9877" box="[508,561,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2002: 54; Hamel-Leigue 2006: 6, 2009: 49, 2013: 281; Damborsky 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFB6F2140327D9877" box="[1266,1319,1604,1626]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 149; Sánchez &amp; Genise 2008: 49; Vieira 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFDAF2166353F9855" box="[562,613,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 722; Almeida &amp; Mise 2009: 238; Silva 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFBA7216633379855" box="[1082,1133,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2009: 36; Audino 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFAB6216632049855" box="[1323,1374,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 125; González-Hernández &amp; Navarrete-Heredia 2011: 479; Silva 2011: 552; Vaz-de-Mello 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFB0B2187339498BA" box="[1174,1230,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 59, Fig. 95; Figueroa 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFEBA21A4360E989B" box="[295,340,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF0A21BB32C698F9" blockId="25.[151,1437,1266,1748]" box="[151,1436,1726,1748]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFF0A21BB36B398F9" box="[151,489,1726,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lacordairei" subSpecies="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF0A21BB36B398F9" box="[151,489,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Gromphas lacordairei bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 59 (cited as “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFCA121BB348E98F9" box="[828,980,1726,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lacordairei" variety="bipunctata">
var. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFCF521BB348E98F9" box="[872,980,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”); Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFB6521BB32C698F9" bold="true" box="[1272,1436,1726,1748]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">New synonymy</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B59636264FF0A200435BF9815" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F86136D05963625DFF0A2004334699DC" blockId="25.[151,1436,1793,2034]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFF0A200435FD9937" bold="true" box="[151,679,1793,1818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFF0A200437889937" box="[151,210,1793,1818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Type</typeStatus>
specimens:— 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFEE6200435F89937" authority="Harold, 1869" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[379,674,1793,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFEE6200436AE9937" bold="true" box="[379,500,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">G. inermis</emphasis>
Harold, 1869
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFD2F2007347C9937" box="[690,806,1794,1818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFCA8200434A99937" bold="true" box="[821,1011,1793,1818]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">here designated</emphasis>
, male (handwritten “Buenos Aires”, Harold’s handwritten “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFE38202335019913" authority="Harold" authorityName="Harold" box="[421,603,1829,1854]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFE38202336A39910" box="[421,505,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">inermis</emphasis>
Harold
</taxonomicName>
”, printed on white paper bordered in black “Ex musaeo E. Harold”, 
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFF0A204F3666994F" box="[151,316,1866,1890]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
”, “ 
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFEFB204F3552994F" box="[358,520,1866,1890]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFD87204C346C994C" authority="Har." authorityName="Har." box="[538,822,1865,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFD87204C35AF994C" box="[538,757,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Gromphas inermis</emphasis>
Har.
</taxonomicName>
Vaz-de-Mello, 2013”), MNHN, ex col. Oberthür (examined). 
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFEB92068369B99AB" box="[292,449,1901,1926]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
: Not located at MNHN unknown to us.— 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFC0A206932C699AB" bold="true" box="[919,1436,1900,1926]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFC0A206933EC99A8" box="[919,1206,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lacordairei" subSpecies="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFC0A206933EC99A8" bold="true" box="[919,1206,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">G. lacordairei bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
d’Olsoufieff, 1924:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFF0A209736569987" box="[151,268,1938,1962]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFEBC209436BC9987" bold="true" box="[289,486,1937,1962]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">here designated</emphasis>
, male (bordered in black “ 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405963625DFCD5209434CA9987" box="[840,912,1937,1962]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Brésil</collectingCountry>
, Prov. Matto Grosso, P. Germain, 1886”, “ 
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFF3C20B3361399E3" box="[161,329,1974,1998]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
”, “ 
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFEF620B3355799E3" box="[363,525,1974,1998]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFD8520B0344E99E3" box="[536,788,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFD8520B0344E99E3" box="[536,788,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">Gromphas lacordairei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535963625DFC8220B3335E99E3" authority="Ols." authorityName="Ols." box="[799,1028,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lacordairei" variety="bipunctata">
var. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25963625DFCCE20B0349199E3" box="[851,971,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="464">bipunctata</emphasis>
Ols.
</taxonomicName>
Vaz-de-Mello, 2013”), MNHN, ex col. Oberthür (examined). 
<typeStatus id="276588725963625DFE5C20DC350499DF" box="[449,606,2009,2034]" pageId="25" pageNumber="464" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
: Not located at MNHN; unknown to us.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05960625EFF0A2121350098BB" blockId="26.[151,1436,1572,1686]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFF0A212135719817" bold="true" box="[151,555,1572,1594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">FIGURES 16–20. Lateral views. 16)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535960625EFDAB212134479817" box="[566,797,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFDAB212134479817" box="[566,797,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFCB3212134159817" bold="true" box="[814,847,1572,1594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">17)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535960625EFCC72120348B9817" box="[858,977,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFCC72120348B9817" box="[858,977,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFC7E2121335E9817" bold="true" box="[995,1028,1572,1594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">18)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535960625EFB92212033C79817" box="[1039,1181,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFB92212033C79817" box="[1039,1181,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFB332121338A9817" bold="true" box="[1198,1232,1572,1594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">19)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535960625EFB46212032129817" box="[1243,1352,1572,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFB46212032129817" box="[1243,1352,1572,1594]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFAC7212132269817" bold="true" box="[1370,1404,1572,1594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">20:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535960625EFA1B212037B99874" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFA1B212037B99874" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFF72214636449874" bold="true" box="[239,286,1603,1625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">20a)</emphasis>
Major specimen (the white arrow indicates “pronotal hump” and blue arrow indicates elevation of sutural margin of elytra). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFE9A2164366C985A" bold="true" box="[263,310,1633,1655]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">20b)</emphasis>
Medium-sized specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFDD72164352D985A" bold="true" box="[586,631,1633,1655]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">20c)</emphasis>
Minor specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFCA52164343D985A" bold="true" box="[824,871,1633,1655]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">20d)</emphasis>
Lateral view of row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia (indicated by arrow). Scale = 
<quantity id="3F269B355960625EFD842185350D98BB" box="[537,599,1664,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05960625EFF5A21B835679933" blockId="26.[151,1436,1724,2038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFF5A21B836AE98FB" bold="true" box="[199,500,1724,1750]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
<typeStatus id="276588725960625EFF5A21B8365898FB" box="[199,258,1725,1750]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535960625EFEEE21B936B198F8" box="[371,491,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFEEE21B936B198F8" bold="true" box="[371,491,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Buenos Aires, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405960625EFD3821B8344E98FB" box="[677,788,1725,1750]" name="Argentina" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="276588725960625EFCB821BB340D98FB" box="[805,855,1726,1750]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">type</typeStatus>
locality of the 
<typeStatus id="276588725960625EFB9A21B8332B98FB" box="[1031,1137,1725,1750]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, according Article 76.2 of the Code [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999]). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFC4B21E433A798D7" bold="true" box="[982,1277,1761,1786]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535960625EFC4B21E433A998D7" box="[982,1267,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lacordairei" subSpecies="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFC4B21E433A998D7" bold="true" box="[982,1267,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">G. lacordairei bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Mato Grosso, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405960625EFF0A200037819933" box="[151,219,1797,1822]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<typeStatus id="276588725960625EFF77200336469933" box="[234,284,1798,1822]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">type</typeStatus>
locality of the 
<typeStatus id="276588725960625EFE582000356B9933" box="[453,561,1797,1822]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05960625EFF5A202C36689983" blockId="26.[151,1436,1724,2038]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25960625EFF5A202C362C996F" bold="true" box="[199,374,1833,1858]" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Redescription:</emphasis>
Color: Anterior region of clypeus black; remainder of dorsum with metallic reflections and color ranging from black (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555960625EFE592048354D994B" box="[452,535,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
c) to dark green (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555960625EFD4320483475994B" box="[734,815,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
b) or entirely copper with green reflections (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555960625EFAB0204832DA994B" box="[1325,1408,1869,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
a). Metasternum with distinct color, usually bright dark blue, blue with green reflections, or shiny green. Pygidium green or blue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05960625FFF5A20BC36EC9EF8" blockId="26.[151,1436,1724,2038]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="466" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">
Head: Margin of clypeus with four lobes (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555960625EFD2A20BC345599FF" box="[695,783,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
); apical margin folded upwardly, especially two median lobes. Genae and frons completely granulate, including region adjacent to eyes (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555960625EFBD620D833FE99DB" box="[1099,1188,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 28" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1593]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 28. Dorsal view of head. 24) Gromphas aeruginosa (only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 25) G. lemoinei (same). 26) G. dichroa (clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 27) G. amazonica (margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 28) G. inermis (same)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="465">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). Cephalic projection raised in a carina with emarginate apex in major specimens (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFCC9279234F09E9D" box="[852,938,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[195,1380,179,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[195,1380,179,1891]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Frontal view of cephalic projections. 29: Gromphas aeruginosa. 29 a) Major specimen with cephalic projection extremely broad. 29 b) Major specimen with apical notch. 29 c) Worn major specimen. 29 d) Medium specimen. 29 e) Minor specimen. 30: G. lemoinei. 30 a) Major specimen. 30 b) Medium specimen. 30 c) Minor specimen. 31) G. amazonica. 32) G. inermis. 33) G. dichroa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247634/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
), and only slightly projecting with rounded apex in minor specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A27DA36CD9FAA" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Thorax: Pronotum globular, in larger specimens, with evident anterior swelling (“pronotal hump”, Fig. 20a, white arrow); lateral region and center with dense granulation (Figs. 20a–d); posterior region smooth (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFA972606323E9F31" box="[1290,1380,259,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
a–c). Longitudinal midline of glossy and smooth tegument absent or, rarely, very tenuous; posterior fossae usually absent, represented in some specimens by two very shallow, faint impressions (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFB96264E33059F4E" box="[1035,1119,331,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin projected at middle (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFE92266B363A9FAA" box="[271,352,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
a–c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A2696362E9FDE" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Mesosternum with dense pilosity (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFDD0269735F99F86" box="[589,675,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1223,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1202]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 52. Anteromedian angle of metasternum. 49) Gromphas dichroa. 50) G. inermis. 51) G. amazonica. 52) G. aeruginosa (arrow indicates median carina of mesosternum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247636/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
). Metasternum with very dense punctation in center. Anteromedian angle of metasternum convex and with globose apex (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFC9926B334009FE2" box="[772,858,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 49 – 52" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1223,1245]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1201]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1202]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 49 – 52. Anteromedian angle of metasternum. 49) Gromphas dichroa. 50) G. inermis. 51) G. amazonica. 52) G. aeruginosa (arrow indicates median carina of mesosternum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247636/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
); area in front of anteromedian angle with evident setae (Figs. 20, 50).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A26FA33319CE4" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Legs: Protibiae narrower in males than in females (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFC9426F834069C3B" box="[777,860,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
); in ventral view, longitudinal carina with a row of tubercles on basal one-half in males (Figs. 20d, 23b) and simple in females (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFB922524333F9C17" box="[1039,1125,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
a). Protibial spur with apex strongly expanded and curved downward (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFD192540344B9C73" box="[644,785,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Figs. 21, 23</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFCBC2540341B9C73" box="[801,833,581,606]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">45</figureCitation>
); inner apical angle of protibiae with a tuft of setae longer in males than in females (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFDBE256C35269CAC" box="[547,636,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Apical protarsomere short, without spiniform projection (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFAAB256C32CA9CAF" box="[1334,1424,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
). Mesotarsi and metatarsi not particularly enlarged and with apical tarsomeres only slightly curved apically (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFAA1258932CA9C88" box="[1340,1424,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). Metatibiae very broad and robust (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFD8725B535379CE4" box="[538,621,688,713]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Metatibial spur with apex straight (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFB9725B533059CE4" box="[1034,1119,688,713]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A25D134F09D19" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Elytra: Striae very fine and simple, not carinulate. Sutural margin densely punctate and clearly raised in its apical half in major specimens (Fig. 20a, blue arrow); in basal third or basal half, sheen and punctation of sutural margin extend onto first or second interstriae (easily seen in 
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFCA1241E34D79D19" box="[828,909,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A243A35E79D56" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Abdomen: Pygidium flat, not margined basally (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFC91243A343D9D75" box="[780,871,831,856]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). Groove of propygidium extending to base of pygidium. Abdominal sternites densely punctate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A248335659DEE" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Aedeagus: Phallobase, in ventral view, with apical membranous area only slightly wider (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFB4E248332739DB2" box="[1235,1321,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 56" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,195,1222]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[156,1431,193,1222]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 56. Schematic drawings of aedeagi (a—dorsal view, b—lateral view, c—ventral view; dashed lines delimit ventral groove). 53) Gromphas aeruginosa. 54) G. dichroa. 55) G. inermis. 56) G. amazonica." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247637/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
c). Medial sclerite only slightly curved (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFE4324AF35689DEE" box="[478,562,938,963]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 62" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1134,1156]" captionTargetBox="[433,1142,199,1103]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[428,1160,193,1113]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 62. Schematic drawings. 57 – 61: Medial sclerite of internal sac. 57) Gromphas aeruginosa. 58) G. lemoinei. 59) G. inermis. 60) G. amazonica. 61) G. dichroa. 62) Internal sac of G. aeruginosa (TE = temones; MS = medial sclerite; AS = apical sclerites)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247638/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A24CB32779A7F" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFF5A24CB359D9DCA" bold="true" box="[199,711,974,999]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Measurements: Males (
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595961625FFE4224CB35D99DCA" box="[479,643,974,999]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" type="generic">43 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 13.49; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405961625FFCCD24CA34DB9DCB" box="[848,897,975,998]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">MX</collectingCountry>
: 17.4: MN: 9.3; SD: 1.65. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFB2F24CB33849DCA" bold="true" box="[1202,1246,974,999]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">PL:</emphasis>
AV: 11.78; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405961625FFAFA24CA32C29DCB" box="[1383,1432,975,998]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">MX</collectingCountry>
: 14.6; MN: 8.4; SD: 1.41. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFE2524F736B69A26" bold="true" box="[440,492,1010,1035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 8.08; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405961625FFDFB24F635CD9A27" box="[614,663,1011,1034]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">MX</collectingCountry>
: 10.5; MN: 5.6; SD: 1.04. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC5924F732469A26" bold="true" box="[964,1308,1010,1035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Females (
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595961625FFBA824F733839A26" box="[1077,1241,1010,1035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" type="generic">44 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 13.56; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405961625FFF0A231237929A03" box="[151,200,1047,1070]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">MX</collectingCountry>
: 16.6; MN: 9.9; SD: 1.46. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFE6C231035449A03" bold="true" box="[497,542,1045,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">PL:</emphasis>
AV: 11.79; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405961625FFD3E2312358E9A03" box="[675,724,1047,1070]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">MX</collectingCountry>
: 13.8; MN: 8.8; SD: 1.21; 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC63231033689A03" bold="true" box="[1022,1074,1045,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 8.15; 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405961625FFB37231233819A03" box="[1194,1243,1047,1070]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">MX</collectingCountry>
: 9.8; MN: 6; SD: 0.88. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFF4B233C35529A7F" bold="true" box="[214,520,1081,1106]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Total (
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595961625FFEBF233C369F9A7F" box="[290,453,1081,1106]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" type="generic">87 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 13.53; SD: 1.55. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC9D233C34769A7F" bold="true" box="[768,812,1081,1106]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">PL:</emphasis>
AV: 11.77; SD: 1.3. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFB8B233C33109A7F" bold="true" box="[1046,1098,1081,1106]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 8.11; SD: 0.96.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A2358320F9B05" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFF5A235834799A5B" bold="true" box="[199,803,1117,1142]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion:</emphasis>
Much of the intraspecific variation of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFB6D235B323D9A58" box="[1264,1383,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFB6D235B323D9A58" box="[1264,1383,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a function of size. Very small specimens have the cephalic projection almost entirely reduced, showing only a carina slightly arched upward; in major specimens, on the other hand, this projection rises beyond that, but never as in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFA1923A0364F9ACD" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFA1923A0364F9ACD" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFED023CC36949ACC" box="[333,462,1224,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFED023CC36949ACC" box="[333,462,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFE4323CD35699ACC" box="[478,563,1224,1249]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 33" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[195,1380,179,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[195,1380,179,1891]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 33. Frontal view of cephalic projections. 29: Gromphas aeruginosa. 29 a) Major specimen with cephalic projection extremely broad. 29 b) Major specimen with apical notch. 29 c) Worn major specimen. 29 d) Medium specimen. 29 e) Minor specimen. 30: G. lemoinei. 30 a) Major specimen. 30 b) Medium specimen. 30 c) Minor specimen. 31) G. amazonica. 32) G. inermis. 33) G. dichroa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247634/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). In minor specimens the “pronotal hump” is not evident (Fig. 20c), while in the major specimens the anterior region of the pronotum is notably swollen (Fig. 20a, white arrow). The elevation of the sutural margin of elytra is more obvious in larger specimens than in small ones (Fig. 20a, blue arrow).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D05961625FFF5A2231325B99DE" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Most specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFE022231354B9B61" box="[415,529,1332,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFE022231354B9B61" box="[415,529,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have no posterior pronotal fossae, as in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFC522231333C9B61" box="[975,1126,1332,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC522231333C9B61" box="[975,1126,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we examined 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD595961625FFA1C223136569B5D" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
of both sexes that have a pair of weak circular impressions in the posterior region of pronotum, but differ from the posterior fossae of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFD82227935E79BBE" box="[543,701,1404,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFD82227935E79BBE" box="[543,701,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFD50227934169BB9" box="[717,844,1403,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFD50227934169BB9" box="[717,844,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFC10227933589BB9" box="[909,1026,1403,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC10227933589BB9" box="[909,1026,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in position and being much smaller (
<figureCitation id="60E52A555961625FFF02229B37A99B9A" box="[159,243,1438,1463]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). These specimens have “partial length” between 8.4 and 
<quantity id="3F269B355961625FFCE4229A34819B9A" box="[889,987,1439,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="11.3">11.3 mm</quantity>
and pronotal width between 5.6 and 
<quantity id="3F269B355961625FFAE4229A379F9BF7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFF4C22C137AE9BF6" box="[209,244,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">i.e.</emphasis>
, measurements below the average for 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFD3B22C634439BF6" box="[678,793,1475,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFD3B22C634439BF6" box="[678,793,1475,1499]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Interestingly, other specimens in the same size range do not have any trace of these fossae. D’Olsoufieff (1924) was the first to observe the presence of fossae in this species, claiming to have seen them in two small specimens from Mato Grosso, 
<collectingCountry id="80C976405961625FFBB4210F332B980E" box="[1065,1137,1546,1571]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Despite not having found any other morphological distinction with the rest of the species, he proposed the “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFBF3212B3247986B" box="[1134,1309,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lacordairei" variety="bipunctata">
var. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFB3821283247986B" box="[1189,1309,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” for these specimens based only on the presence of these fossae (“ 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC9E2157341D989F" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">Deux petits exemplaires de Matto-Grosso ont deux fossettes basales du pronotum petites mais bien marquées, ce que je n’ai pas observé chez les autres. Le matériel manquant d’un côté et n’ayant pas trouvé d’autres différences avec les</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFCD2219C349D989F" box="[847,967,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">lacordairei</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC4D219F37AC98F8" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">typiques, je ne les compte pas en espèce distincte</emphasis>
(…). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFEA621BB337398F8" box="[315,1065,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">
Je me borne, pour les exemplaires cités, à leur donner le nom 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFC6221BB337398F8" box="[1023,1065,1726,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lacordairei" variety="bipunctata">var.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
bipunctata 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFB3121BB338898F8" box="[1196,1234,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">nov</emphasis>
.”). Following the Article 45.6.4 of the Code, as the name “ 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFDFB21E5358498D4" box="[614,734,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">bipunctata</emphasis>
” was expressly described as a variety by d’Olsoufieff, it must be regarded as of subspecific category and thus available. Nevertheless, as we observed that these fossae are present throughout the distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFDD1202D359B996D" box="[588,705,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFDD1202D359B996D" box="[588,705,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Porto Murtinho, Selvíria, Seropédica, Curitiba, Timbó, Torres, Santiago del Estero, Córdoba and Bañado de Medina), are always restricted to small specimens, and by the absence of any other distinctive characters, we believe that it is only a matter of individual variability and therefore propose synonymy with the nominotypical subspecies. Similarly, two specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFC422091332D9986" box="[991,1143,1940,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFC422091332D9986" box="[991,1143,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by us also have a pair of these fossae; however, one has above average size for that species, indicating that, at least in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535961625FFA1920B2364A99DE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="466" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25961625FFA1920B2364A99DE" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="466">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they are not restricted to small specimens (but nonetheless simple individual variability).
</paragraph>
<caption id="ACA1665859666258FF0A2084360F99DE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="467" targetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="F86136D059666258FF0A2084360F99DE" blockId="28.[151,1436,1921,2035]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FF0A208436B499BA" bold="true" box="[151,494,1921,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">FIGURES 21–23. Protibiae. 21:</emphasis>
Dorsal view of protibia of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359666258FC94208434B299BA" box="[777,1000,1921,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FC94208434B299BA" box="[777,1000,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FC6B2084337E99BA" bold="true" box="[1014,1060,1921,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">21a)</emphasis>
Female. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FB19208433EE99BA" bold="true" box="[1156,1204,1921,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">21b)</emphasis>
Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FE1E209A36FE9998" bold="true" box="[387,420,1951,1973]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">22)</emphasis>
Ventral view of female protibia of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359666258FC8920A534F9999B" box="[788,931,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FC8920A534F9999B" box="[788,931,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FC2C209A34899998" bold="true" box="[945,979,1951,1973]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">23:</emphasis>
Ventral view of protibia of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359666258FB6B20A53205999B" box="[1270,1375,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="467" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FB6B20A53205999B" box="[1270,1375,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FAF0209A32C69998" bold="true" box="[1389,1436,1951,1973]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">23a)</emphasis>
Female. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259666258FF7220BB364499F9" bold="true" box="[239,286,1982,2004]" pageId="28" pageNumber="467">23b)</emphasis>
Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ACA1665859676259FF0A214A33AF988F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247633/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" targetBox="[151,1436,200,1593]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="F86136D059676259FF0A214A33AF988F" blockId="29.[151,1436,1615,1698]" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FF0A214A35289848" bold="true" box="[151,626,1615,1637]" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">FIGURES 24–28. Dorsal view of head. 24)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359676259FDE1214A343B9848" box="[636,865,1615,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FDE1214A343B9848" box="[636,865,1615,1637]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(only one pair of clypeal lobes and tegument smooth adjacent to eyes). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FEC12168362498AE" bold="true" box="[348,382,1645,1667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">25)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359676259FE17216B355B98AE" box="[394,513,1645,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FE17216B355B98AE" box="[394,513,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(same). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FDFE216835DF98AE" bold="true" box="[611,645,1645,1667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">26)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359676259FD0D216B35A598AE" box="[656,767,1645,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FD0D216B35A598AE" box="[656,767,1645,1667]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(clypeus truncate and strong granulation around eyes). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FAC42168322198AE" bold="true" box="[1369,1403,1645,1667]" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">27)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359676259FA1B216B365F988F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FA1B216B365F988F" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(margin of clypeus with two pairs of lobes; strong granulation around eyes). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FB8E2189336F988F" bold="true" box="[1043,1077,1676,1698]" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">28)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359676259FBA6218833F9988F" box="[1083,1187,1677,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FBA6218833F9988F" box="[1083,1187,1677,1698]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(same).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F86136D059676259FF5A21CC33CC99B8" blockId="29.[151,1436,1737,1942]" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">
Sexual dimorphism in this species is easily observable, contrary to Barattini &amp; Saénz (1964): “ 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FB6D21CC36439907" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">la morphologie externe de cette espèce n’est pas affectée par le sexe, seuls les caractères sexuels primaires permettent de les différencier</emphasis>
”. Among other sexual characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359676259FD79201434039907" box="[740,857,1809,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FD79201434039907" box="[740,857,1809,1834]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is possible to determine the sex of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359676259FA98201732229907" box="[1285,1400,1810,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259676259FA98201732229907" box="[1285,1400,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by examining the ventral carina of the protibia, which is simple in females (
<figureCitation id="60E52A5559676259FC48203033729963" box="[981,1064,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1921,1943]" captionTargetBox="[248,1348,181,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[248,1349,181,1909]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Protibiae. 21: Dorsal view of protibia of Gromphas amazonica. 21 a) Female. 21 b) Male (arrow indicates non-articulating spur). 22) Ventral view of female protibia of G. aeruginosa. 23: Ventral view of protibia of G. inermis. 23 a) Female. 23 b) Male (white arrow indicates tubercle of inner apical angle and blue arrow indicates row of tubercles on ventral carina of protibia)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247632/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="468">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
a) and with a row of tubercles in males (Figs. 20d, 23b). Interestingly, Barattini &amp; Saenz (1964) mentioned this characteristic, but did not recognize it as a male sexual feature. Only in very worn specimens these tubercles are difficult to see.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ACA166585964625AFF0A207936F899C3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247634/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="469" targetBox="[195,1380,179,1890]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="F86136D05964625AFF0A207936F899C3" blockId="30.[151,1436,1916,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFF0A2079347F99BF" bold="true" box="[151,805,1916,1938]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">FIGURES 29–33. Frontal view of cephalic projections. 29:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535964625AFCB22079334F99BE" box="[815,1045,1916,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFCB22079334F99BE" box="[815,1045,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFBBB2079330E99BF" bold="true" box="[1062,1108,1916,1938]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">29a)</emphasis>
Major specimen with cephalic projection extremely broad. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFE2B209E36BF999C" bold="true" box="[438,485,1947,1969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">29b)</emphasis>
Major specimen with apical notch. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFCCC209E3424999C" bold="true" box="[849,894,1947,1969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">29c)</emphasis>
Worn major specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFBED209E33FA999C" bold="true" box="[1136,1184,1947,1969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">29d)</emphasis>
Medium specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFAF2209E32C6999C" bold="true" box="[1391,1436,1947,1969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">29e)</emphasis>
Minor specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFED420BF363199FD" bold="true" box="[329,363,1978,2000]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">30:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535964625AFEEC20BF36BE99FD" box="[369,484,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFEEC20BF36BE99FD" box="[369,484,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFE6C20BF354599FD" bold="true" box="[497,543,1978,2000]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">30a)</emphasis>
Major specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFD4A20BF345C99FD" bold="true" box="[727,774,1978,2000]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">30b)</emphasis>
Medium specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFC4B20BF335999FD" bold="true" box="[982,1027,1978,2000]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">30c)</emphasis>
Minor specimen. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFB2120BF338799FD" bold="true" box="[1212,1245,1978,2000]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">31)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535964625AFB7920BF323799FD" box="[1252,1389,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFB7920BF323799FD" box="[1252,1389,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFAE720BF32C699FD" bold="true" box="[1402,1436,1978,2000]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">32)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535964625AFF0A20DC37A599C3" box="[151,255,2009,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFF0A20DC37A599C3" box="[151,255,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFE9620DD367699C3" bold="true" box="[267,300,2008,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">33)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535964625AFEAE20DC36C799C3" box="[307,413,2008,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="469" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25964625AFEAE20DC36C799C3" box="[307,413,2008,2030]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="469">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ACA166585965625BFF0A2026354099DC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" targetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="F86136D05965625BFF0A2026354099DC" blockId="31.[151,1436,1827,2033]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFF0A202636D99914" bold="true" box="[151,387,1827,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">FIGURES 34–48. 34:</emphasis>
Sixth visible abdominal sternite of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFC99202634B19914" box="[772,1003,1827,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFC99202634B19914" box="[772,1003,1827,1849]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFC66202633739914" bold="true" box="[1019,1065,1827,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">34a)</emphasis>
Male. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFBE4202633F29914" bold="true" box="[1145,1192,1827,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">34b)</emphasis>
Female. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFA93202632759914" bold="true" box="[1294,1327,1827,1849]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">35)</emphasis>
Margined pygidium of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFE87204636D99975" box="[282,387,1858,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFE87204636D99975" box="[282,387,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFE0D204736E89975" bold="true" box="[400,434,1858,1880]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">36)</emphasis>
Non-margined pygidium of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFD48204634399975" box="[725,867,1859,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFD48204634399975" box="[725,867,1859,1880]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFCF2204734CB9975" bold="true" box="[879,913,1858,1880]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">37)</emphasis>
Elytral striae of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFBA1204633939975" box="[1084,1225,1859,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFBA1204633939975" box="[1084,1225,1859,1880]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFB4B204733A29975" bold="true" box="[1238,1272,1858,1880]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">38)</emphasis>
Elytral striae of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFF0A2067367B995A" box="[151,289,1890,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFF0A2067367B995A" box="[151,289,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFEB020643615995A" bold="true" box="[301,335,1889,1911]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">39)</emphasis>
Curved metatibial spur of 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFDFF206735AD995A" box="[610,759,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFDFF206735A9995A" box="[610,755,1890,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">G. aeruginosa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFD6120643444995A" bold="true" box="[764,798,1889,1911]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">40)</emphasis>
Straight metatibial spur of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFBAB206733C4995A" box="[1078,1182,1890,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFBAB206733C4995A" box="[1078,1182,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFB3620643396995A" bold="true" box="[1195,1228,1889,1911]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">41)</emphasis>
Robust metatibia of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFF0A2085367F99BB" box="[151,293,1920,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFF0A2085367F99BB" box="[151,293,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFEAC207A360999B8" bold="true" box="[305,339,1919,1941]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">42)</emphasis>
Thin metatibia of 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFD922085352C99BB" box="[527,630,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. d i c h ro a</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFD1B207A35FD99B8" bold="true" box="[646,679,1919,1941]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">43)</emphasis>
Posterior pronotal fossae present in some 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFBC8208533E099BB" box="[1109,1210,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. i n e rm i s</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFB57207A33B199B8" bold="true" box="[1226,1259,1919,1941]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">44)</emphasis>
Antennal club of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFF0A209A365C9999" box="[151,262,1950,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFF0A209A365C9999" box="[151,262,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFE85209B36609999" bold="true" box="[280,314,1950,1972]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">45)</emphasis>
Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFC94209A34C29999" box="[777,920,1951,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFC94209A34C29999" box="[777,920,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFC36209B34969999" bold="true" box="[939,972,1950,1972]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">46)</emphasis>
Protarsus and straight protibial spur of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFA1B209A365399FE" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFA1B209A365399FE" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFE8A20B8366299FE" bold="true" box="[279,312,1981,2003]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">47)</emphasis>
Metatarsus of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFE4920BB356499FE" box="[468,574,1981,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFE4920BB356499FE" box="[468,574,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFC4A20B834A399FE" bold="true" box="[983,1017,1981,2003]" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">48)</emphasis>
Metatarsus of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D535965625BFB0920BB327999FE" box="[1172,1315,1982,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="470" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC25965625BFB0920BB327999FE" box="[1172,1315,1982,2003]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="470">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ACA16658595A6264FF0A23C2345A9AD1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247636/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1201]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="F86136D0595A6264FF0A23C2345A9AD1" blockId="32.[151,1434,1223,1276]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FF0A23C2347A9AF0" bold="true" box="[151,800,1223,1245]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">FIGURES 49–52. Anteromedian angle of metasternum. 49)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FCB523C234B29AF0" box="[808,1000,1223,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FCB523C234B29AF0" box="[808,1000,1223,1245]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Gromphas dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FC6A23C233429AF0" bold="true" box="[1015,1048,1223,1245]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">50)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FBBC23CD33D09AF0" box="[1057,1162,1224,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FBBC23CD33D09AF0" box="[1057,1162,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FB0423C233E09AF0" bold="true" box="[1177,1210,1223,1245]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">51)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FB5E23CD32149AF0" box="[1219,1358,1224,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FB5E23CD32149AF0" box="[1219,1358,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FAC123C232249AF0" bold="true" box="[1372,1406,1223,1245]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">52)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FA1B23CD36539AD1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FA1B23CD36539AD1" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(arrow indicates median carina of mesosternum).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F86136D0595A6264FF5A222635BF9815" blockId="32.[151,1436,1315,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">
Unique features of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FE34222135459B16" box="[425,543,1316,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FE34222135459B16" box="[425,543,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are: (a) posterior margin of pronotum projected at middle (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55595A6264FB47222632639B11" box="[1242,1337,1315,1340]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,198,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 15. 13: Gromphas amazonica Bates, 1870. 13 a) Dark blue specimen. 13 b) Reddish-brown specimen. 13 c) Dark green specimen. 14: Gromphas dichroa Blanchard, 1846. 14 a) Red-blue specimen. 14 b) Intermediate yellow-blue specimen. 14 c) Green specimen. 15: Gromphas inermis Harold, 1869. 15 a) Coppery specimen. 15 b) Dark green specimen. 15 c) Black specimen. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247631/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
a–c); (b) metatibial spur straight at apex (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55595A6264FE60224235159B72" box="[509,591,1351,1376]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
) (in all other species it is distinctly curved [
<figureCitation id="60E52A55595A6264FBA9224233D09B72" box="[1076,1162,1351,1376]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[241,1350,179,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[241,1350,179,1804]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 48. 34: Sixth visible abdominal sternite of Gromphas aeruginosa. 34 a) Male. 34 b) Female. 35) Margined pygidium of G. dichroa. 36) Non-margined pygidium of G. aeruginosa. 37) Elytral striae of G. aeruginosa. 38) Elytral striae of G. amazonica. 39) Curved metatibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 40) Straight metatibial spur of G. inermis. 41) Robust metatibia of G. aeruginosa. 42) Thin metatibia of G. d i c h ro a. 43) Posterior pronotal fossae present in some G. i n e rm i s. 44) Antennal club of G. dichroa. 45) Protarsus and expanded protibial spur of G. amazonica. 46) Protarsus and straight protibial spur of G. aeruginosa. 47) Metatarsus of G. dichroa with apical tarsomere strongly curved. 48) Metatarsus of G. aeruginosa with apical tarsomere only slighty curved at apex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247635/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
]); (c) and sutural margin of elytra clearly raised in its apical half (Fig. 20a, blue arrow). The pronotal hump is also limited to large specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FF2B229536709B8A" box="[182,298,1424,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FF2B229536709B8A" box="[182,298,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 20a, white arrow). As in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FD11229534709B8A" box="[652,810,1424,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FD11229534709B8A" box="[652,810,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and especially 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FC47229533009B85" box="[986,1114,1423,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FC47229533009B85" box="[986,1114,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pronotum of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FAB5229532C69B8A" box="[1320,1436,1424,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FAB5229532C69B8A" box="[1320,1436,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has granulation evident at center (in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FDB222B135929BE6" box="[559,712,1460,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FDB222B135929BE6" box="[559,712,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FD6022B134289BE1" box="[765,882,1459,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FD6022B134289BE1" box="[765,882,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, granulation is absent). 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FBE222B632159BE6" box="[1151,1359,1459,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FBE222B632159BE6" box="[1151,1359,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Gromphas inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares only with 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FE9522DD36DD9BDD" box="[264,391,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FE9522DD36DD9BDD" box="[264,391,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a densely punctate sutural margin of elytra and metasternum (in 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FBC322DD33AF9BC2" box="[1118,1269,1496,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FBC322DD33AF9BC2" box="[1118,1269,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the punctation is also dense, but never at the same density of these two species). See comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FB3722F9321F983E" box="[1194,1349,1532,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FB3722F9321F983E" box="[1194,1349,1532,1555]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FA1922F937B79815" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FA1922F937B79815" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the discussion of these respective species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B595A6267FF5A214632C699DD" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="474" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F86136D0595A6264FF5A214635E59922" blockId="32.[151,1436,1315,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FF5A2146360B9871" bold="true" box="[199,337,1603,1628]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Comments:</emphasis>
Although we have found only one specimen that was undoubtedly part of the 
<typeStatus id="27658872595A6264FB7C2141324B9871" box="[1249,1297,1604,1628]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FA19214137B19852" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FA19214137B19852" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we know that Harold (1869b) based his description in more than one specimen because he gave a size range (“ 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FF65218E369E9889" box="[248,452,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">long. 12–15 mill.</emphasis>
”), mentioned sexual dimorphism and cited more than one collection locality (“ 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FA1D2189351998EA" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">
St. 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FF0A21AA365798E5" box="[151,269,1711,1736]" class="Polyplacophora" family="Mopaliidae" genus="Catharina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neoloricata" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Catharina</taxonomicName>
, Buenos Aires, Corrientes
</emphasis>
” and “ 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FD0121AA344C98E5" box="[668,790,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">G. inermis</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FCBF21AA347998C6" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">
findet sich in Montivideo und Buenos Aires, dann im südlichen 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595A6264FE9721D6362B98C1" box="[266,369,1747,1772]" name="Brazil" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Brasilien</collectingCountry>
von Porto Allegro bis Santa Catarina
</emphasis>
”). Thus, we designate this specimen as the 
<typeStatus id="27658872595A6264FA8B21D6322798C1" box="[1302,1405,1747,1772]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FF0A21FD36539922" box="[151,265,1784,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FF0A21FD36539922" box="[151,265,1784,1807]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the 
<typeStatus id="27658872595A6264FEDC21F236B9993D" box="[321,483,1783,1808]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
are unknown to us.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0595A6264FF5A201E326A9956" blockId="32.[151,1436,1315,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">
D’Olsoufieff (1924) made clear that he based his description of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FC102019337D9919" box="[909,1063,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FC102019337D9919" box="[909,1063,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FBB02019338E9919" box="[1069,1236,1819,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="lacordairei" variety="bipunctata">
var. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FBC1201E338E9919" box="[1116,1236,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two specimens from Mato Grosso, 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595A6264FEE0203A369F9975" box="[381,453,1855,1880]" name="Brazil" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. However, we were able to locate only one of these specimens at MNHN. Here, we designate this specimen as the 
<typeStatus id="27658872595A6264FE722066350F9951" box="[495,597,1891,1916]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FDE6206134CF9951" box="[635,917,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lacordairei" subSpecies="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FDE6206134CF9951" box="[635,917,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. lacordairei bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the 
<typeStatus id="27658872595A6264FC51206633399951" box="[972,1123,1891,1916]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
is unknown to us.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0595A6264FF5A2082366099CA" blockId="32.[151,1436,1315,2023]" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">
Judulien (1899) briefly described the larva of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FD75208D340599B2" box="[744,863,1928,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595A6264FD75208D340599B2" box="[744,863,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="471">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. His observation that it bears five antennomeres contradicts Edmonds &amp; Halffter (1978), who observed that all known larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595A6264FB1920AE324D99E9" box="[1156,1303,1963,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scarabaeinae">Scarabaeinae</taxonomicName>
have four antennomeres.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ACA16658595B6265FF0A23DE330B9B3D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247637/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" targetBox="[159,1430,195,1222]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="F86136D0595B6265FF0A23DE330B9B3D" blockId="33.[151,1436,1243,1296]" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FF0A23DE36339B3D" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">FIGURES 53–56. Schematic drawings of aedeagi (a—dorsal view, b—lateral view, c—ventral view; dashed lines delimit ventral groove). 53)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FEED23FF35089B3D" box="[368,594,1274,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FEED23FF35089B3D" box="[368,594,1274,1296]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FDC223FF35DA9B3D" bold="true" box="[607,640,1274,1296]" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">54)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FD1A23FE35AB9B3D" box="[647,753,1274,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FD1A23FE35AB9B3D" box="[647,753,1274,1296]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FD6023FF34459B3D" bold="true" box="[765,799,1274,1296]" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">55)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FCB823FE34D79B3D" box="[805,909,1275,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FCB823FE34D79B3D" box="[805,909,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FC0723FF34E19B3D" bold="true" box="[922,955,1274,1296]" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">56)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FC5F23FE33109B3D" box="[962,1098,1275,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FC5F23FE33109B3D" box="[962,1098,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F86136D0595B6265FF5A223233C0989E" blockId="33.[151,1436,1335,2034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FF5A223236179B7D" bold="true" box="[199,333,1335,1360]" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Bionomics:</emphasis>
Brullé (1837) was the first author to publish information on the natural history of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FABD223232CF9B7D" box="[1312,1429,1335,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FABD223232CF9B7D" box="[1312,1429,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, probably referring to 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FE1A225936A39B5E" box="[391,505,1372,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FE1A225936A39B5E" box="[391,505,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to him, Lacordaire noted that this species burrows beneath horse dung. Subsequent authors (Judulien 1899, Fabre 1919, Halffter &amp; Matthews 1966, Halffter &amp; Edmonds 1982, Sánchez &amp; Genise 2008) studied more thoroughly the nesting behavior of this species. 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FB8122A733AB9B97" box="[1052,1265,1442,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FB8122A733AB9B97" box="[1052,1265,1442,1467]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Gromphas inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been also reported as a consumer of human, equine, bovine, and ovine dung in pastures (Lange 1947, Flechtmann &amp; Rodrigues 1995, Flechtmann 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FE7622EF357C982C" box="[491,550,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
1995, Walsh &amp; Cordo 1997, Morelli 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FC4322EF3348982C" box="[990,1042,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
. 2002, Hamel-Leigue 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FA8522EF3209982C" box="[1304,1363,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2006, Silva 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FF41210836429808" box="[220,280,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
2009), and one specimen was collected by Louzada 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FC16210834929808" box="[907,968,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
(1996) using rotten cow spleen as bait. Flechtmann 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FEB9213436079865" box="[292,349,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
(1995) and Monteresino 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FD1C213435E19865" box="[641,699,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
(1996) reported that 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FC32213533799865" box="[943,1059,1584,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FC32213533799865" box="[943,1059,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diurnal. This species was also recognized as an intermediate host of the acanthocephalan worm 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FC3C2156378198A2" authority="Pallas, 1781" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1781" class="Archiacanthocephala" family="Oligacanthorhynchidae" genus="Macracanthorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oligacanthorhynchida" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Acanthocephala" rank="species" species="hirudinaceus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FC3C215632669841" box="[929,1340,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus</emphasis>
(Pallas, 1781)
</taxonomicName>
, a parasite of the domestic pig, 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FDFE2172358198A2" box="[611,731,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Sus scrofa</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758 (Manter 1928, Lima 1953, Martínez 1959, Monteresino 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FEB6219E3606989E" box="[299,348,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">et al</emphasis>
., 1996). Our data indicate that 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FD24219E3476989F" box="[697,812,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FD24219E3476989F" box="[697,812,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is collected throughout the year.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F86136D0595B6265FF5A21BB34F299DF" blockId="33.[151,1436,1335,2034]" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">
A curious pattern of edaphic preference was observed between 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FC0321BB334998F8" box="[926,1043,1726,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FC0321BB334998F8" box="[926,1043,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FBD021B8378298D7" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcator">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FBD021B8324198FB" box="[1101,1307,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Ontherus sulcator</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
in two studies. Flechtmann &amp; Rodrigues (1995), studying the fauna of dung beetles of Jaraguá do Sul (Santa Catarina, 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595B6265FE99200136179930" box="[260,333,1796,1821]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), observed a clear differential distribution between these two species; while 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FB312000327A9930" box="[1196,1312,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FB312000327A9930" box="[1196,1312,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found only in flooded areas, 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FE09202C3548996C" box="[404,530,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcator">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FE09202C3548996C" box="[404,530,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">O. sulcator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was largely confined to sloping areas with no accumulation of water. Likewise, Sánchez &amp; Genise (2008), working at Navarro (Buenos Aires, 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595B6265FCCD204E349E9949" box="[848,964,1867,1892]" name="Argentina" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Argentina</collectingCountry>
), noted that 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FBD6204933E79949" box="[1099,1213,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FBD6204933E79949" box="[1099,1213,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was more abundant around a lake, while 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FE1B206A355C99AA" box="[390,518,1902,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Ontherus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcator">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FE1B206A355C99AA" box="[390,518,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">O. sulcator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was predominant on higher ground. As pointed out by Flechtmann &amp; Rodrigues (1995), it is likely that water saturation of the soil influences the spatial distribution of these species. Edaphic preference has been reported for other Phanaeini, in particular for North American species of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D53595B6265FB7720B0320299E3" box="[1258,1368,1973,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FB7720B0320299E3" box="[1258,1368,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">Phanaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595B6265FAF120B232CF99E3" box="[1388,1429,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="472">e.g.</emphasis>
, Fincher 1973, Blume &amp; Aga 1978, Edmonds 1994, Rasmussen 1994).
</paragraph>
<caption id="ACA1665859586266FF0A236B36669AEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247638/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" targetBox="[433,1142,199,1103]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="F86136D059586266FF0A236B36669AEF" blockId="34.[151,1436,1134,1218]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FF0A236B35D59AA9" bold="true" box="[151,655,1134,1156]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">FIGURES 57–62. Schematic drawings. 57–61:</emphasis>
Medial sclerite of internal sac. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FC47236B34A69AA9" bold="true" box="[986,1020,1134,1156]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">57)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FB99236B33B29AA8" box="[1028,1256,1134,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FB99236B33B29AA8" box="[1028,1256,1134,1157]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">Gromphas aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FB6A236B32429AA9" bold="true" box="[1271,1304,1134,1156]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">58)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FABC236A32CF9AA9" box="[1313,1429,1134,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FABC236A32CF9AA9" box="[1313,1429,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FF0A238837E29A8E" bold="true" box="[151,184,1165,1187]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">59)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FF5D238B36729A8E" box="[192,296,1166,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FF5D238B36729A8E" box="[192,296,1166,1187]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FEAB2388360D9A8E" bold="true" box="[310,343,1165,1187]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">60)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FEC2238B36B39A8E" box="[351,489,1166,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FEC2238B36B39A8E" box="[351,489,1166,1187]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FE6A238835429A8E" bold="true" box="[503,536,1165,1187]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">61)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FDBD238B35D09A8E" box="[544,650,1165,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FDBD238B35D09A8E" box="[544,650,1165,1187]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FD05238835E39A8E" bold="true" box="[664,697,1165,1187]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">62)</emphasis>
Internal sac of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FCC7238B34B39A8E" box="[858,1001,1166,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FCC7238B34B39A8E" box="[858,1001,1166,1187]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TE= temones; MS= medial sclerite; AS= apical sclerites).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ACA1665859586266FF0A204736F2995B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247639/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" targetBox="[261,1325,1298,1813]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="F86136D059586266FF0A204736F2995B" blockId="34.[151,1434,1858,1910]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FF0A204733159975" bold="true" box="[151,1103,1858,1880]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">FIGURES 63–65. Schematic drawings of spermatheca and spermathecal gland. 63)</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FBC1204732169975" box="[1116,1356,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FBC1204732129975" box="[1116,1352,1858,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">Gromphas aeruginosa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FAC5204732209975" bold="true" box="[1368,1402,1858,1880]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">64)</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FA1B20473656995B" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FA1B20473652995B" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">G. amazonica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259586266FE8C20653669995B" bold="true" box="[273,307,1888,1910]" pageId="34" pageNumber="473">65)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359586266FEA4206436FE995B" box="[313,420,1889,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">G. inermis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="ACA1665859596267FF0A2154347B984A" box="[151,801,1617,1639]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247640/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="474" targetBox="[151,1436,183,1595]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="F86136D059596267FF0A2154347B984A" blockId="35.[151,801,1617,1639]" box="[151,801,1617,1639]" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259596267FF0A21543645984A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1617,1639]" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">FIGURE 66.</emphasis>
Distribution map of the five species of 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359596267FD2C21543441984A" box="[689,795,1617,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="474" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259596267FD2C21543441984A" box="[689,795,1617,1639]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F86136D059596267FF5A219632C699DD" blockId="35.[151,1437,1683,2032]" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259596267FF5A219636AF9881" bold="true" box="[199,501,1683,1708]" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">Geographic distribution:</emphasis>
Amazon subregion: Pantanal. Chacoan subregion: Cerrado, Chaco, and Pampa. Parana subregion: Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Parana Forest, and 
<taxonomicName id="3FDE4D5359596267FCEE21BD339698E2" authority="Forest." authorityName="Forest." box="[883,1228,1719,1744]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="35" pageNumber="474" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259596267FCEE21BD332F98FD" box="[883,1141,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
Forest.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259596267FB4821B2321098FD" bold="true" box="[1237,1354,1719,1744]" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059596267FB4821B2321F98FD" box="[1237,1349,1719,1744]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Bahia: Mucuri. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, Nobres, Poconé, Rosário Oeste, Santo Antônio de Leverger. Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana, Campo Grande, Corumbá, Porto Murtinho, Selvíria. Minas Gerais: Pouso Alegre. Espírito Santo: Linhares, São Mateus (Ilha de Guriri). Rio de Janeiro: Armação de Búzios, Cabo Frio, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo, Seropédica. São Paulo: Araçatuba, Cássia dos Coqueiros, Indiana, Piracicaba, Ribeirão Preto, São José do Rio Preto. Paraná: Castro, Curitiba, Foz do Iguaçu, Ivaí, Lapa, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Ponta Grossa. Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Canoinhas, Corupá, Jaraguá do Sul, Joinville, Mafra, Rio Negrinho, Rodeio, São Bento do Sul, Seara, Timbó. Rio Grande do Sul: Aceguá, Bagé, Mostardas, Pelotas, Porto Alegre, Santo Augusto, Torres, Tramandaí. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC259596267FD6820D2342299DD" bold="true" box="[757,888,2007,2032]" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">
<collectingCountry id="80C9764059596267FD6820D2342999DD" box="[757,883,2007,2032]" name="Bolivia" pageId="35" pageNumber="474">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Beni. Santa Cruz: Chiquitos. Tarija (Tarija).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B595E6260FF0A279235AA9FA5" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="description">
<paragraph id="F86136D0595E6260FF0A279235AA9FA5" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595E6260FF0A2792366D9E9D" bold="true" box="[151,311,151,176]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FF0A279236689E9D" box="[151,306,151,176]" name="Paraguay" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Amambay: Pedro Juan Caballero. 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FD4A279D34089E9D" box="[727,850,151,176]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
. Caaguazú: Caaguazú. Distrito Capital: Assunção. Paraguarí: Ybycuí. Guairá: Colonia Independencia, Villarrica. Caazapá: Caazapá. Itapúa: Coronel Bogado. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595E6260FF0A27DA36119ED5" bold="true" box="[151,331,223,248]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FF0A27DA361D9ED5" box="[151,327,223,248]" name="Argentina" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Salta: Guachipas, Salta. 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FDF927E535909EDA" box="[612,714,224,247]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">Formosa</collectingCountry>
: Guaycolec. Chaco. Santiago del Estero: Río Hondo (Termas do Río Hondo). Misiones. Corrientes: Ituzaingó, 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FD39260134759F31" box="[676,815,260,284]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">Santo Tomé</collectingCountry>
. Santa Fé. Córdoba: Río Primero (La Para), San Justo (Miramar). Entre Ríos. Buenos Aires: Florencio Varela, La Plata, Navarro, Puán, San Isidro (Boulogne Sur Mer). Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595E6260FDDC2649358E9F48" bold="true" box="[577,724,332,357]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FDDC264935959F48" box="[577,719,332,357]" name="Uruguay" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">URUGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Artigas. Rivera: Vichadero; Tacuarembó. Cerro Largo: Melo. Durazno. Flórida. Maldonado. Montevidéu. (
<figureCitation id="60E52A55595E6260FD12266A35B99FA5" box="[655,739,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1617,1639]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1595]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,181,1595]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 66. Distribution map of the five species of Gromphas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/247640/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0C4655B595E6261FF5A2691330E9A75" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F86136D0595E6261FF5A2691330E9A75" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595E6260FF5A269136EE9F80" bold="true" box="[199,436,404,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE202691356B9F80" box="[445,561,404,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">244 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FDF1269135AE9F80" box="[620,756,404,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">211 females</specimenCount>
(590 with undetermined sex). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595E6260FBC8269132509F80" bold="true" box="[1109,1290,404,429]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FBC82691325F9F80" box="[1109,1285,404,429]" name="Argentina" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
1939, Parko col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FF7C26B236649FFD" box="[225,318,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ). BUENOS AIRES: La Plata, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBA326B233C99FFD" box="[1086,1171,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB5626BD32749FFD" box="[1227,1326,439,464]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MLPA); Puán, F. Sola, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FEA026D936DD9FD8" box="[317,391,476,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1959-01">I.1959</date>
, A. Martínez col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FDF626D935989FD8" box="[619,706,476,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD6126D934339FD8" box="[764,873,476,501]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
(MZSP). CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FB6326D832799FD9" box="[1278,1315,477,500]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">DE</collectingCountry>
BUENOS AIRES: 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FF60250536129C35" box="[253,328,512,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1993-01">I.1993</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FDDC26FA35D69C35" box="[577,652,511,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT). CHACO: without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB4226FA32719C35" box="[1247,1323,511,536]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP). CÓRDOBA: 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FEB3252136F49C10" box="[302,430,548,573]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1939-03-16">16.III.1939</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD07252135859C10" box="[666,735,548,573]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FCCF2521348A9C11" box="[850,976,548,572]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1939-04-04">04.IV.1939</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB262521325B9C10" box="[1211,1281,548,573]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Río Primero, La Para, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FEF9254236E09C4D" box="[356,442,583,608]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1986-10">X.1986</date>
, Z. Monteresino col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD59254234519C4D" box="[708,779,583,608]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT). CORRIENTES: 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FBA0254D339C9C4D" box="[1085,1222,584,608]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">Santo Tomé</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FB4F254232619C4D" box="[1234,1339,583,608]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1925-12">XII.1925</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE87256936329CA8" box="[282,360,620,645]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MLPA). 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FE772569352C9CA9" box="[490,630,620,644]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">FORMOSA</collectingCountry>
: Guaycolec, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FC88256934339CA9" box="[789,873,620,644]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1949-02">II.1949</date>
, A. Martínez col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBFD256933E49CA8" box="[1120,1214,620,645]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(MZSP). SALTA: Guachipas, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FE86258A363C9C85" box="[283,358,655,680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1951-01">I.1951</date>
, A. Martínez col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FDD4258A35FF9C85" box="[585,677,655,680]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP). SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO: without date, Wagner col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FF0A25B137AA9CE0" box="[151,240,692,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FEB125B136C19CE0" box="[300,411,692,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(MLPA); Rio Salado, without date, Wagner col— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC7A25B1336A9CE0" box="[999,1072,692,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MLPA). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595E6260FB3425B132769CE0" bold="true" box="[1193,1324,692,717]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FB3425B1327D9CE0" box="[1193,1319,692,717]" name="Bolivia" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
TARIJA: Tarija, between Yaguacua-Caiza, 
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FD8425D235C59CDD" box="[537,671,727,752]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-21.847778">21º50’52’’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FD3725D234619CDD" box="[682,827,727,752]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-63.60722">63º36’26’’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="3F269B35595E6260FCD725D234D69CDD" box="[842,908,727,752]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" unit="m" value="620.0">620m</quantity>
, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FC0625D233539CDD" box="[923,1033,727,752]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2005-01-03">03.I.2005</date>
, 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FB8525DD33069CC2" box="[1048,1116,728,751]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">Mann</collectingCountry>
, Hamel &amp; Herzog cols.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FA0E25D237979D38" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE9925F9363C9D38" box="[260,358,764,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595E6260FE4125F9350B9D38" bold="true" box="[476,593,764,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FE4125F935119D38" box="[476,587,764,789]" name="Brazil" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
BAHIA: Mucuri, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FCBC25F934319D39" box="[801,875,764,788]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1999-01">I.1999</date>
, G. L. D. Leite col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBF925F933F09D38" box="[1124,1194,764,789]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT). ESPÍRITO SANTO: Linhares, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FEEB241A36919D15" box="[374,459,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1995-10">X.1995</date>
, T. M. Virgens col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD57241A34739D15" box="[714,809,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT). MATO GROSSO: Nobres, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FB47241A32639D15" box="[1242,1337,799,824]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1985-11">XI.1985</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE87244136209D70" box="[282,378,836,861]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Poconé, Fazenda Alvorada, 
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FCDE2441349F9D70" box="[835,965,836,861]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-16.448055">16º26’53”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FC4C244133049D70" box="[977,1118,836,861]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-56.412224">56º24’44”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FBF3244133B59D71" box="[1134,1263,836,860]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2011-11-21">21.XI.2011</date>
, M. B. Pessoa col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FF7C2462367D9DAD" box="[225,295,871,896]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Rosário Oeste, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC16246234BA9DAD" box="[907,992,871,896]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB8A246D33DE9DAD" box="[1047,1156,871,896]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Rosário Oeste, without date, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE7C248935769D88" box="[481,556,908,933]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Santo Antonio do Leverger, Fazenda Vale Esperança, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FA82248932CD9D89" box="[1311,1431,908,932]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1990-10-20">20.X.1990</date>
, Marinez Marques col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE2E24AA354B9DE5" box="[435,529,943,968]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT). MATO GROSSO DO SUL: Aquidauana, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FBF724B5338B9DE5" box="[1130,1233,944,968]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2011-07">VII.2011</date>
, C. M. A. Correa col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FF4124D136129DC0" box="[220,328,980,1005]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Campo Grande, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FDEB24D135A89DC1" box="[630,754,980,1004]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1990" valueMax="1992">1990-1992</date>
, I. Bianchin col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC5624D1334B9DC0" box="[971,1041,980,1005]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Campo Grande, Jaraguá, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FF0A24F2365A9A3D" box="[151,256,1015,1040]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1936-12">XII.1936</date>
, W. Zikán col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE4624F235709A3D" box="[475,554,1015,1040]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FDEC24FD35809A3D" box="[625,730,1015,1040]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Corumbá, BEP/UFMS, 
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FBE724F233A19A3D" box="[1146,1275,1015,1040]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-19.564722">19º33’53”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FA9624F232CD9A3D" box="[1291,1431,1015,1040]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-57.010834">57º00’39”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FF0A231936559A18" box="[151,271,1052,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2011-10-06">06.X.2011</date>
, M. B. Pessoa col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE622319350C9A18" box="[511,598,1052,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD12231935A69A18" box="[655,764,1052,1077]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Corumbá, Passo da Lontra, BEP/UFMS, without date, V. Lopes col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE06233A36B29A75" box="[411,488,1087,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Porto Murtinho, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FCAE234534C19A75" box="[819,923,1088,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1929-12">XII.1929</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB09233A33BA9A75" box="[1172,1248,1087,1112]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Porto Murtinho, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FE8C236136019A51" box="[273,347,1124,1148]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1930-01">I.1930</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FDD6236135C89A50" box="[587,658,1124,1149]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD502361346A9A50" box="[717,816,1124,1149]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Riacho do Herval, Rio Paraná, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FA912361322E9A50" box="[1292,1396,1124,1149]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1951-12">XII.1951</date>
, B. Pohl col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE8B238236369A8D" box="[278,364,1159,1184]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Selvíria, Fazenda UNESP, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FC97238D34D69A8D" box="[778,908,1160,1184]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1992-11-21">21.XI.1992</date>
, C. A. H. Flechtmann col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB4C238232779A8D" box="[1233,1325,1159,1184]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Três Marias, margem esquerda do rio Sucuriú, Fazenda Caimã, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FCF423A934E59AE8" box="[873,959,1196,1221]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1966-10">X.1966</date>
, F. Lane col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBEF23A933959AE8" box="[1138,1231,1196,1221]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP). MINAS GERAIS: Pouso Alegre, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FE2323CA35109AC5" box="[446,586,1231,1256]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1958-12-27">27.XII.1958</date>
, M. Vogas col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC8223CA34309AC5" box="[799,874,1231,1256]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ). PARANÁ: Curitiba, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FB4423D5326C9AC5" box="[1241,1334,1232,1256]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1898-03">III.1898</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE8723F1362D9B20" box="[282,375,1268,1293]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Curitiba, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FDC523F135B99B20" box="[600,739,1268,1293]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1936-12-25">25.XII.1936</date>
, C. Westerman col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC7D23F1336F9B20" box="[992,1077,1268,1293]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Curitiba, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FA8B23F1322F9B21" box="[1302,1397,1268,1292]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1941-11">XI.1941</date>
, B. Pohl col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE8A221236349B1D" box="[279,366,1303,1328]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Curitiba, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FDD1221D35FA9B1D" box="[588,672,1304,1328]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1944-02">II.1944</date>
, B. Pohl col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FCC9221234C19B1D" box="[852,923,1303,1328]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Ivaí, Rio Ivaí, II (without year), W. Kosak col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FEAF223936CB9B78" box="[306,401,1340,1365]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Marechal Cândido Rondon, Porto Artaza, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FAA3223932C69B78" box="[1342,1436,1340,1365]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FDD1226535F19B55" box="[588,683,1376,1400]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1992-11">XI.1992</date>
, A. F. A. Luna Dias col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC76225A33109B55" box="[1003,1098,1375,1400]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FIOC). RIO 
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595E6260FB6C2265324C9B5A" box="[1265,1302,1376,1399]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="36" pageNumber="475">DE</collectingCountry>
JANEIRO: Armação de Búzios, Praia Rasa, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FD98228135379BB0" box="[517,621,1412,1437]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1995-12">XII.1995</date>
, L. H. Gil Azevedo col.—1 sem sexo (DZRJ); Cabo Frio, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FB6A228132059BB1" box="[1271,1375,1412,1436]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1980-07">VII.1980</date>
, Jane M. Costa col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FED222A236CC9BED" box="[335,406,1447,1472]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(FIOC); Duque de Caxias, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FD5122AD34719BED" box="[716,811,1448,1472]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1990-09">IX.1990</date>
, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBC022A233E39BED" box="[1117,1209,1447,1472]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Duque de Caxias, São Bento, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FEEC22C936B89BC8" box="[369,482,1484,1509]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1960-08">VIII.1960</date>
, P. A. Teles col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD2922C9344A9BC8" box="[692,784,1484,1509]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FB5B22C9327E9BC9" box="[1222,1316,1484,1508]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1990-11">XI.1990</date>
, F. Z. Vazde-Mello col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FECE22EA36E99825" box="[339,435,1519,1544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FC1622F534AE9825" box="[907,1012,1520,1544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1992-12">XII.1992</date>
, R. L. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FAA622EA32C69825" box="[1339,1436,1519,1544]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FIOC) and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FEBB211136D09800" box="[294,394,1556,1581]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, XII, 1993, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FA95211132089800" box="[1288,1362,1556,1581]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FA13211137B9987D" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FD36213D3449987D" box="[683,787,1592,1616]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1994-12">XII.1994</date>
, R. L. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBCD213233F4987D" box="[1104,1198,1591,1616]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FIOC) and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FAD9213D32C6987D" box="[1348,1436,1591,1616]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FDF7215935939859" box="[618,713,1628,1652]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1990-09">IX.1990</date>
, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB8C215933299858" box="[1041,1139,1628,1653]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FIOC); Rio de Janeiro, Marapendi, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FEBE218536D898B5" box="[291,386,1664,1688]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1987-11">XI.1987</date>
, Hugo col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FDB8217A35DC98B5" box="[549,646,1663,1688]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); São Gonçalo, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FC312185335B98B5" box="[940,1025,1664,1688]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1982-10">X.1982</date>
, Pêssoa col.—1 sem sexo (DZRJ); Seropédica, Estrada Rio-São Paulo, km 47, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FD0321A134739890" box="[670,809,1700,1725]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1951-07-30">30.VII.1951</date>
, J. F. Zikán Neto col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBCD21A133C19890" box="[1104,1179,1700,1725]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Seropédica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FC8F21CD34D198CD" box="[786,907,1736,1760]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1990-10-21">21.X.1990</date>
, A. Saraiva col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FBC021C233FE98CD" box="[1117,1188,1735,1760]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB4721CD326198CD" box="[1242,1339,1735,1760]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FIOC); Seropédica, UFRRJ, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FE1B21E9355D9929" box="[390,519,1772,1796]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1990-11-17">17.XI.1990</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD6C21E934129928" box="[753,840,1772,1797]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(FIOC). RIO GRANDE DO SUL: 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FB4121E932609928" box="[1244,1338,1772,1797]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1915-03">III.1915</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE87200A36209905" box="[282,378,1807,1832]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Mostardas, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FDE6200A359C9905" box="[635,710,1807,1832]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1945-01">I.1945</date>
, Pe. Buck col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC09200A34BA9905" box="[916,992,1807,1832]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Aceguá, Fazenda Centinela, 
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FF0A203136439961" box="[151,281,1844,1868]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-31.458334">31º27’30”S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="9DEA5017595E6260FEBE203136EA9960" box="[291,432,1844,1869]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" precision="15" value="-54.355">54º21’18”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FE232031353E9961" box="[446,612,1844,1868]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2011-11-08" valueMax="2011-11-14" valueMin="2011-11-08">08-14.XI.2011</date>
, R. M. Moraes col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FCF9203134E79960" box="[868,957,1844,1869]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC64203133329960" box="[1017,1128,1844,1869]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Bagé, Embrapa/ CPPSUL, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FE91205236C2995D" box="[268,408,1879,1904]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2006-12-06">06.XII.2006</date>
, L. D. Audino col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD11205235B3995D" box="[652,745,1879,1904]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Bagé, Embrapa/CPPSUL, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FB16205D33A3995D" box="[1163,1273,1880,1904]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2007-01-17">17.I.2007</date>
, L. D. Audino col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FF7C2079367399B8" box="[225,297,1916,1941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Bagé, Fazenda Santo Antônio, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FC97207934C799B9" box="[778,925,1916,1940]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="2012-01-07" valueMax="2012-01-13" valueMin="2012-01-07">07-13.I.2012</date>
, R. M. Moraes col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FB07207933A899B8" box="[1178,1266,1916,1941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FAB3207932C699B8" box="[1326,1436,1916,1941]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Pelotas, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FEF820A536EA9994" box="[357,432,1952,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1935-01">I.1935</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FD0120A535B89994" box="[668,738,1952,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC8420A534209994" box="[793,890,1952,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Pelotas, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FBD020A533EC9995" box="[1101,1206,1952,1976]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1934-12">XII.1934</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FF0A20C137B999F0" box="[151,227,1988,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FE8120C1362499F0" box="[284,382,1988,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Porto Alegre, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595E6260FC4120C1337899F0" box="[988,1058,1988,2013]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Porto Alegre, 
<date id="8C601010595E6260FAA520C132CD99F1" box="[1336,1431,1988,2012]" pageId="36" pageNumber="475" value="1927-06">VI.1927</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FEE52792368E9E9D" box="[376,468,151,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Torres, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FD01279234739E9D" box="[668,809,151,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1964-12-09">09.XII.1964</date>
, Pe. P. Buck col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FB9A279233149E9D" box="[1031,1102,151,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Tramandaí, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FAD1279D32CD9E9D" box="[1356,1431,152,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1979-01">I.1979</date>
, C. Coimbra Jr. col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE0327B936B19EF8" box="[414,491,188,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP). SANTA CATARINA: Blumenau, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FC6427B933029EF9" box="[1017,1112,188,212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1924-11">XI.1924</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FACD27B932C19EF8" box="[1360,1435,188,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Canoinhas, Pinhal, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FE4327DA35679ED5" box="[478,573,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1951-11">XI.1951</date>
, A. Maller col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FC9727DA34329ED5" box="[778,872,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Canoinhas, Pinhal, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FB2427DA32789ED5" box="[1209,1314,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1952-12">XII.1952</date>
, A. Maller col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FF41260136169F30" box="[220,332,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Corupá, V (without year), Anton Maller col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FC6E260133679F30" box="[1011,1085,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Corupá, X (without year), Anton Maller col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE5B262235569F6D" box="[454,524,295,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Corupá, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FD7D262234129F6D" box="[736,840,295,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1953-12">XII.1953</date>
, A. Maller col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FB8C2622330D9F6D" box="[1041,1111,295,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Joinville, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FAA5262D32CD9F6D" box="[1336,1431,296,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1899-06">VI.1899</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FEEA264936889F48" box="[375,466,332,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Mafra, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FC44264933459F48" box="[985,1055,332,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Rio Negrinho, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FAA5264932CD9F48" box="[1336,1431,332,357]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1925-11">XI.1925</date>
, A. Maller col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FEC7266A36F99FA5" box="[346,419,367,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE7D267535199FA5" box="[480,579,367,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Rio Vermelho, without date, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FB2E266A33A19FA5" box="[1203,1275,367,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FAA5267532C69FA5" box="[1336,1436,367,392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Rio Vermelho, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FE2E269135559F80" box="[435,527,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1963-04">IV.1963</date>
, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FD5C2691344D9F80" box="[705,791,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FCCE269134ED9F80" box="[851,951,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Rio Vermelho, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FB41269132609F80" box="[1244,1338,404,429]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1964-03">III.1964</date>
, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FF7C26B236679FFD" box="[225,317,439,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Rodeio, Rio Benedito, without date, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FC7126B2331B9FFD" box="[1004,1089,439,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FBE426BD33BF9FFD" box="[1145,1253,439,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Seara, Nova Teutônia, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FEC826D936FA9FD8" box="[341,416,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1966-01">I.1966</date>
, F. Plaumann col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FD0426D935BE9FD8" box="[665,740,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); São Bento do Sul, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FBD426D933CE9FD9" box="[1097,1172,476,500]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1948-01">I.1948</date>
, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FACD26D932C69FD8" box="[1360,1436,476,501]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Timbó, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FEFE26FA36ED9C35" box="[355,439,511,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1952-02">II.1952</date>
, Dirings col.—42 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Timbó, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FBE5250533909C35" box="[1144,1226,511,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1956-05">V.1956</date>
, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FAE226FA37829C10" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">22 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE81252136C79C10" box="[284,413,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">24 females</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Timbó, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FDE6252135959C10" box="[635,719,548,573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1958-02">II.1958</date>
, Dirings col.—104 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Timbó, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FF0A254237AC9C4D" box="[151,246,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1965-11">XI.1965</date>
, Dirings col.—161 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Timbó, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FC58254233749C4D" box="[965,1070,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1956-12">XII.1956</date>
, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FB78254232659C4D" box="[1253,1343,583,608]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FA1C254D37B49CA8" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">11 females</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Timbó, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FE5D256935499CA8" box="[448,531,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1962-05">V.1962</date>
, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FD59256934749CA8" box="[708,814,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">37 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FCA1256934E39CA8" box="[828,953,620,645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">34 females</specimenCount>
and 190 with undetermined sex (MZSP); Timbó, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FF73258A36169C85" box="[238,332,655,680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1965-03">III.1965</date>
, Dirings col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE6A258A35049C85" box="[503,606,655,680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">78 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FDF4259535B99C85" box="[617,739,655,680]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">70 females</specimenCount>
and 92 outros with undetermined sex (MZSP). SÃO PAULO: Araçatuba, Anhangaí, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FE0925B136A79CE0" box="[404,509,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1926-12">XII.1926</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FD7425B1346A9CE0" box="[745,816,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Cássia dos Coqueiros, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FB3825B133A39CE0" box="[1189,1273,692,717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1955-02">II.1955</date>
, M. P. Barreto col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FF4125D2366F9CDD" box="[220,309,727,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Indiana, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FD8E25D235D19CDD" box="[531,651,727,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1935-02-10">10.II.1935</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FCE025D234819CDD" box="[893,987,727,752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Piracicaba, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE8725F936399D38" box="[282,355,764,789]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE3F25F9355C9D38" box="[418,518,764,789]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Ribeirão Preto, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FCAA25F934FA9D38" box="[823,928,764,789]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1954-12">XII.1954</date>
, Barreto col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FBCE25F933989D38" box="[1107,1218,764,789]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(MZSP); Ribeirão Preto, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FF7C241A36099D15" box="[225,339,799,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1955-08">VIII.1955</date>
, E. X. Rabello col.—1 espécime (MZSP); São José do Rio Preto, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FBDD242533D19D15" box="[1088,1163,800,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1932-01">I.1932</date>
, B. Pohl col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FAA2241A32C69D15" box="[1343,1436,799,824]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595F6261FE95244136F09D70" bold="true" box="[264,426,836,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595F6261FE95244136FF9D70" box="[264,421,836,861]" name="Paraguay" pageId="37" pageNumber="476">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
AMAMBAY: Pedro Juan Caballero, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FCED2441348A9D71" box="[880,976,836,860]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1998-11">XI.1998</date>
, Maruíz Díaz col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FB542441327C9D70" box="[1225,1318,836,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(CEMT). GUAIRÁ: Colonia Independencia, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FDBC246235369DAD" box="[545,620,871,896]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1950-01">I.1950</date>
, Foerster col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FCBE246234259DAD" box="[803,895,871,896]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MNRJ); Colonia Independencia, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FA9D246232049DAD" box="[1280,1374,871,896]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1950-03">III.1950</date>
, Juan Foerster col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FED9248936D09D88" box="[324,394,908,933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MNRJ). ITAPÚA: Coronel Bogado, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FCAA248934D89D89" box="[823,898,908,932]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1944-01">I.1944</date>
, Martínez col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FBD9248933FA9D88" box="[1092,1184,908,933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FIOC). 
<emphasis id="CAAAEAC2595F6261FA94248932C69D88" bold="true" box="[1289,1436,908,933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476">
<collectingCountry id="80C97640595F6261FA94248932CD9D88" box="[1289,1431,908,933]" name="Uruguay" pageId="37" pageNumber="476">URUGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FE4624AA357B9DE5" box="[475,545,943,968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP). ARTIGAS: Arroy Tres Cruces Grande, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FBD124AA33A29DE5" box="[1100,1272,943,968]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="1958-01-18" valueMax="1958-02-20" valueMin="1958-01-18">18.I-20.II.1958</date>
, M. A. Monné col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FF7C24D136679DC0" box="[225,317,980,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(MZSP). CERRO LARGO: Bañado de Medina, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FCFD24D1334A9DC1" box="[864,1040,980,1004]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="2011-12-13" valueMax="2011-12-20" valueMin="2011-12-13">13-20.XII.2011</date>
, R. M. Moraes col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FA9F24D132029DC0" box="[1282,1368,980,1005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FA1324D137B49A3D" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
(CEMT); Melo, Fazenda La Invernada, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FD4324FD34D79A3D" box="[734,909,1016,1040]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="2011-12-13" valueMax="2011-12-20" valueMin="2011-12-13">13-20.XII.2011</date>
, R. M. Moraes col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FB3F24F233B59A3D" box="[1186,1263,1015,1040]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FAA924FD32C69A3D" box="[1332,1436,1015,1040]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT). MONTEVIDEO: Montevideo, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FC4B231933799A18" box="[982,1059,1052,1077]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(MZSP). RIVERA: Vichadero, Fazenda El Cerro, 
<date id="8C601010595F6261FEF4234535559A75" box="[361,527,1088,1112]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" value="2011-11-21" valueMax="2011-11-27" valueMin="2011-11-21">21-27.XI.2011</date>
, R. M. Moraes col.— 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FC9A233A34179A75" box="[775,845,1087,1112]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="EED8FD59595F6261FC19234534BF9A75" box="[900,997,1087,1112]" pageId="37" pageNumber="476" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(CEMT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>