219 lines
28 KiB
XML
219 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="421C9FCFBB6D56D1C55C032F896667A1" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-CLB-Dataset="52710" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d65d91f3-2aa6-4824-85a3-9ac72a57c596" ModsDocID="22820" checkinTime="1251954458996" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Longino, J. T." docDate="2009" docId="6BBB4ACEFA9B7FFF437417A927018521" docLanguage="en" docName="22820_tx.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2181" docSource="http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22820" docTitle="Pheidole synanthropica Longino, 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="7FC56964C9056E7DBD20595E152A29E1" masterDocTitle="Additions to the taxonomy of New World Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1732639992389" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A2E7B86979FD85F9940054AD2B41DC47">Additions to the taxonomy of New World Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="394C9FEA3CF803EA9C24E4D6ED698D2D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="741DF5A7028DC708824F406B555CCCB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="99D8D53417D330BB417670ED66545882">Longino, J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C57171F63F0613951793EB162E961FF2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A8541457FF929AE7CB879A23BBFC3A1E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="003AF4FA3F22ECF217EC2EA97EDEC5F5">
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<mods:date id="BCEED29747CF265510728EA215C51594">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C1AEB58CBDC8ABFDFAF53CB8BAE79461" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="13351688CD5582E5F870AD2B11C11457">2181</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="08952356DC46090A7DB76BF3B24BBFD3">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="633237E5B385F97B48CA3067B4C905ED">http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=22820</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="22450F7C98F2883E8DC3E58F0A9F4141">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DCA6919B62DF27C7D42AEB3537AFA3D0" type="HNS-Pub">22820</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6BBB4ACEFA9B7FFF437417A927018521" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222898" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121416" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222898" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CB44D55-466F-4D35-AEB4-58FDC0581FCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6BBB4ACEFA9B7FFF437417A927018521" lastPageNumber="82" pageNumber="80" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="3DA5A77D1999969567F3419451330BDC" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D4819EF25C47C3F69D92D0462876E349" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="6B89B89218AB2E3C700B93E535FFDFD3" ID-CoL="CMLYN" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253274" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole synanthropica Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synanthropica">Pheidole synanthropica</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AACEA4F97D97B2894BA480BD2587D0B8" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DED8C6E7CE3E7C09C2AD72D6357FA5F6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6F044085FB678A84C37279E1850C3C97" pageNumber="80">Figure 23</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8A0572E66DE2CBAE2E1E2626A98DD19A" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1996BB5F020329F3BBF8D7F4C8A38B27" pageNumber="80">
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<taxonomicName id="0DAE119A32D53B3C8C2649B9E91927F9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33799" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole indistincta Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistincta">
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Pheidole indistincta
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<bibRefCitation id="5261CC4881A05AFBE38E12AC23129D97" author="Forel, A." pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref45517" refString="Forel, A. (1899) Formicidae. [part c]. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Hymenoptera, 3, 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1899">Forel, 1899: 75</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(part, see
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<taxonomicName id="EBB74B2315A931B1FF500A88B75980FA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33945" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="21123" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pubiventris Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubiventris">P. pubiventris</taxonomicName>
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). Minor workers of a mixed syntype series: Costa Rica (Tonduz) [
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<collectionCode id="457B344B505AFFAC7BA71CDFC2C9F0E4" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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] (examined).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="616E5CE03CA14417359A0835489735F9" pageNumber="80">
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Holotype major worker. Costa Rica, Guanacaste: Bosque Humedo, Santa Rosa Nat. Park,
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<geoCoordinate id="A84B399D3325729D562E5655B91A9012" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.85">10.85000°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="BC9C4FD5D5FF1CEEDE966663F218BB1C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-85.61667">85.61667°W</geoCoordinate>
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, ±2000m, 300m, 15 Jul 1985 (J. Longino#0511) [
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<collectionCode id="FA25286C288A8A14F1CE60547F912230" collectionName="Costa Rica, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)">INBC</collectionCode>
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, unique specimen identifier CASENT0609037].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DABE04B762ED96570088148991E959B5" pageNumber="80">
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Paratypes: major and minor workers. Same data as holotype [
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<collectionCode id="A23E2D46C72C708268C37E721F78AF56" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]">BMNH</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="CE6477CB284D77861ACEBE8770957C1E" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences">CAS</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="1A447D32333E33ADB4CE4305533BEAF1" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)">FMNH</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="AD55F44E8447B2F25F6B1C26D2521ABE" collectionName="Costa Rica, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)">INBC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="9AD211BE45DDAB56CC1F8DF437A7AA84" collectionName="John T. Longino">JTLC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="79FC800D025DBF9FBEEF2AB6254EB383" collectionName="USA, California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History">LACM</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="CF9ED4B09745AB35CDFAA2C4FD00EB08" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZ</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="21D582EAB2FB66284FBB6AB81E7B1CEB" collectionName="Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo">MZSP</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="CF1E8D8E860E9255B1219909C5EF6FA0" collectionName="USA, California, Davis, University of California, R.M. Bohart Museum of Entomology">UCD</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="01A678B29103C2B8AC589C08936422FF" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]">USNM</collectionCode>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D27EE322504011C555204F0C7B88B5FC" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="3DC7D05DD8E540A6F5106515F6E95E66" pageNumber="80">Geographic Range</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2ED2C606653800457D671E56127FB57D" pageNumber="80">Costa Rica, Mexico (Chiapas).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CCAB42F6916341D55AA3364CAE4853C9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="320A681B6DBDD74163D8743BF2165914" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C385A368B16D9BEC6523B4AD733E575" pageNumber="80">
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With the general habitus of P. anima
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<bibRefCitation id="503121649AE92150D40F80A376A53AB0" author="Wilson, E. O." refId="ref46471" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F1D74B6D0CBEF0F4C2C544B6521ED0AF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33720" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole eidmanni Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eidmanni">P. eidmanni Menozzi</taxonomicName>
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1926,
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<taxonomicName id="408F6B37525F0A6C7A28512222D1B095" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole maja Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">
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P. maja
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<bibRefCitation id="86F5164667C795709AA32A96B2AD504D" author="Forel, A." refId="ref45454" refString="Forel, A. (1886) Especes nouvelles de fourmis americaines. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 30, xxxviii-xlix." type="book" year="1886">Forel 1886</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3A886EDE38459900C73970FB512A8E06" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33928" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole piceonigra Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceonigra">
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P. piceonigra
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<bibRefCitation id="AF9C7CB89A1B69C46C7B51EBBA90449E" author="Emery, C." pagination="95 - 206" refId="ref45381" refString="Emery, C. (1922) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum, 174 B, 95 - 206." type="journal article" year="1922">Emery 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="ED086496CB656267153602EB96015639" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181702" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="2471" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole texticeps Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texticeps">
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P. texticeps
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<bibRefCitation id="38CE6B9E88B23851C673BED151979466" author="Wilson, E. O." refId="ref46471" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Minor worker: scape relatively short, SI 102-116, versus relatively longer, SI> 120 (anima,
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<taxonomicName id="F36B401C5C2557BEDF5F87E847258F29" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole maja Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">maja</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FA2CBDEDD4C7E9651DCE641EAE5D21BD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33928" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole piceonigra Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceonigra">piceonigra</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0CC8B3051E6B6DFDDFF4D63BC131326F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181702" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole texticeps Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texticeps">texticeps</taxonomicName>
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); katepisternum foveolate, lacking irregular rugulae, versus with irregular rugulae overlaying foveolate sculpture (anima). Major worker: base of scape terete versus base of scape flattened (anima,
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<taxonomicName id="D2FB7504888D23C59D9DC3C9B354A28D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole maja Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maja">maja</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BF348FD2518F3525B2D5AA76B5D86E20" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33928" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole piceonigra Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceonigra">piceonigra</taxonomicName>
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); scape with no erect setae versus about 3 erect setae (
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<taxonomicName id="AA41C5BC691A616BDB79AE775A328A31" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181702" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole texticeps Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texticeps">texticeps</taxonomicName>
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); face with erect setae totally absent to very sparse versus with 10 or more erect setae (anima); anterior face with very reduced rugose sculpture versus with more extensive rugoreticulum (
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<taxonomicName id="9CD30DAB7CEDA80866550AB01FEACCF4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33720" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole eidmanni Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eidmanni">eidmanni</taxonomicName>
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, based on illustration of the major worker in
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<bibRefCitation id="4619952BD8421377040C4425B22AD264" author="Wilson, E. O." refId="ref46471" refString="Wilson, E. O. (2003) Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 794 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wilson [2003:289]</bibRefCitation>
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); katepisternum sculpture as in minor worker; postpetiole in dorsal view robust, with strong triangular lateral conules, versus less transverse, with rounded, not conulate sides (anima); gaster with no erect setae versus with more than 5 erect setae (anima,
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<taxonomicName id="B56D6562A6BD96372ABFA0D168336B69" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181702" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole texticeps Wilson" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texticeps">texticeps</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DF8127DEFBDA8AFE0F29092BC59CED6C" type="description">
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<paragraph id="116C80AA847419FE506040BBC1A765EA" pageNumber="80">Description of minor worker</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="227F437F047DEC321C8232A8336E2DCC" pageNumber="80">Measurements (paratype): HL 0.59, HW 0.56, HLA 0.21, SL 0.62, EL 0.15, ML 0.71, PSL 0.08, PMG 0.02, SPL 0.04, PTW 0.12, PPW 0.17, CI 96, SI 110, PSLI 13, PMGI 4, SPLI 6, PPI 141.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A80DE049859FB0BDDE72133DF2556D6" pageNumber="80">Measurements (n=16): HL 0.59-0.69, HW 0.56-0.66, SL 0.62-0.68, CI 91-98, SI 102-116.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD03E3D8C9E4E6103391E1B93236BDBF" pageNumber="80">Face uniformly smooth and shining; posterior margin of vertex flattened; occipital carina narrow, not visible in full face view; scape with short appressed to subdecumbent pubescence and 0-3 longer suberect setae; promesonotal groove large, deeply impressed; propodeal spines present; pronotum and dorsal mesonotum smooth and shining; katepisternum, anepisternum, and side of propodeum foveolate; dorsal face of propodeum faintly foveolate; setae on mesosoma short and stiff, four pairs on pronotum, one pair on mesonotum, and one forward-slanting pair on propodeum; dorsal (outer) margin of hind tibia with short fully appressed to subdecumbent pilosity, 0-1 long erect hairs; first gastral tergum smooth and shining; gastral dorsum with sparse short fully appressed setae and sparse longer erect setae, appressed setae much shorter than distance among them; color brown.</paragraph>
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<caption id="F656647D65FE62BD45D8DD01EB949617">
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<paragraph id="3E93566C4008195B0F56117A302FEE69" pageNumber="81">
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<pageBreakToken id="39F6FFF48CB83BC216768C2707AE9BE1" pageNumber="81">FIGURE</pageBreakToken>
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23.
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<taxonomicName id="D8AAF33A4D9171F53519D758D997FD84" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253274" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole synanthropica Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synanthropica">Pheidole synanthropica</taxonomicName>
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. Major worker: A, face view; B, lateral view; C, dorsal view; D, hypostomal margin. Minor worker: E, face view; F, lateral view; G, dorsal view; H, hind tibia. A-C, Holotype major worker; D, non-type major worker; E-H, Paratype minor worker. Scale bar 0.5mm for A, E, F, G, 1mm for others.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="30A132B1037DB6A7F2305271CDF8BD99" pageNumber="82">
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<pageBreakToken id="FFF0BFC78857C7CAEB415D382501DF3C" pageNumber="82">Description</pageBreakToken>
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of major worker
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="860DEA08E4B1EB387ACB0D539E9C5296" pageNumber="82">Measurements (holotype): HL 1.00, HW 1.03, HLA 0.31, SL 0.66, EL 0.21, ML 0.99, PSL 0.10, PMG 0.04, SPL 0.05, PTW 0.30, PPW 0.43, IHT 0.33, OHT 0.44, CI 104, SI 64, PSLI 10, PMGI 4, SPLI 5, PPI 144, HTI 74.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="68D49C7D41B951A970DF1DF13AD63F40" pageNumber="82">Measurements (n=6): HL 0.91-1.00, HW 0.88-1.03, SL 0.63-0.66, CI 97-104, SI 64-71. Mandibles smooth and shiny; clypeus smooth and flat with distinct anterior notch; face with a few concentric rugulae around antennal insertions but otherwise smooth and shiny throughout; face with sparse, fully appressed, short setae, shorter than the distance among them, erect setae totally absent to very sparse, 0-2 pairs on frontal carinae, 0-1 pair on clypeus; scape smooth and shining, terete at base, with no erect setae; hypostomal margin gently curved; median tooth small; inner hypostomal teeth acutely pointed, much closer to outer hypostomal teeth than to midline; promesonotal groove prominent, deeply impressed; propodeal spines present; mesosomal sculpture as in minor worker; dorsal (outer) margin of hind tibia with short decumbent pilosity, no long erect hairs; mesosomal dorsum with erect setae sparse to absent, 0-1 pair on posterior pronotum, 0-1 pair on mesonotum; petiolar node in dorsal view transverse, much broader than long; postpetiole in dorsal view robust, with strong triangular lateral conules; first gastral tergite smooth and shining, with sparse short appressed setae and no erect setae; color brown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1C37C1CB1968206BB0FEFB1105A043EF" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="0C03BC92846E748697F07AC66F661798" pageNumber="82">Biology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC4886EBD69F6D02C02BC24424B69E3A" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="9C336D2AF4DEA2A7C3D31F796900B2E6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253274" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole synanthropica Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synanthropica">Pheidole synanthropica</taxonomicName>
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occurs in open, seasonally dry habitats. The type specimens were at a tuna bait in the "bosque humedo" of Santa Rosa National Park in Costa Rica, but all other collections have been from highly synanthropic habitats such as city parks, lawns, and coffee farms.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35490658133746E770355A906E18198C" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="E95DF777795BD36A08A9F222AA163712" pageNumber="82">Etymology</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E95DA527D06AFA627410D1B195A6B957" pageNumber="82">The name is in reference to this species' occurrence in open, highly disturbed areas, often near human habitation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DAF57EA4A94389F2F6D3AD87AC7AAD6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="76FB2D1E72E2ADE430A2D834A9DFF9CF" pageNumber="82">Comments</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AB9B166FD1E3EEFF34A4983971BDA654" pageNumber="82">
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The syntype series of P
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<taxonomicName id="1D3079BBE1B5D8A51AF4CB1AB2744A5A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33799" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole indistincta Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indistincta">indistincta</taxonomicName>
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was comprised of two different Tonduz collections later associated by Forel. The labels are spare, just "Costa Rica, Tonduz," but the minor worker series has a number 1 on the label and the lectotype major worker has a number 3 on the label. These are probably different collection events and are definitely two different species. The minor workers are
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<taxonomicName id="C54A46AF0F632561D35CFB222F4F331D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253274" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="450" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole synanthropica Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synanthropica">P. synanthropica</taxonomicName>
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and the lectotype major is
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<taxonomicName id="CD67594DACE7FFDB0E5A289BFD697AF1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33945" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="24564" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole pubiventris Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubiventris">P. pubiventris</taxonomicName>
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, another widespread and highly synanthropic species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7656575A467B65611032F8FB84994B96" pageNumber="82">
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Tonduz was one of the early naturalists in Costa Rica, working with Anastasio Alfaro at the National Museum and sending abundant ant collections to taxonomists in Europe. Most of his collections are species of forested habitats, but it is perhaps telling that what might be his first collections, with collection numbers 1 and 3, are two ant species common in urban areas in the Central Valley. I have collected
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<taxonomicName id="12E83C7B5E097BFB8A3F89CB92BF647B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:253274" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="732" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole synanthropica Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="synanthropica">P. synanthropica</taxonomicName>
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in city parks just a few blocks from the National Museum where Tonduz worked. I can imagine a young Tonduz being sent out behind the museum to collect his first ants.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0D5E50997A57FA11577C6C5A2989E30" pageNumber="82">It is remarkable that this species is not better known and just now being described. It is no doubt common throughout the highly urbanized central valley of Costa Rica, and, since it also occurs in coffee farms in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas in southern Mexico, probably occurs in similar areas throughout Central America. This is probably a case of the common ants in the back yard being ignored as eager collectors head for undisturbed forest.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="196D69A9D32CAFFE3A59927FF1CF0F8E" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3322F6DC49737B4D383E63591ACA5FF5" pageNumber="82">Additional material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C74AE62F465CCDBB45F79F5A2BE37A81" pageNumber="82">
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|
COSTA RICA: Heredia, Santo Domingo,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="09D6D29026E4E42342C183BC867B57E4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="9.983334">9°59'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="443E51C32D020E4F89C0FF9068685700" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-84.083336">84°05'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 1100m (I. Perfecto); Puntarenas, 6km S Monteverde,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="947ADE9764B1F371E15273522B52B1DB" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.25">10°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="E230038337026F1C756CFBCCC0E37455" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-84.816666">84°49'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 800m (J. Longino); Est. Biol. Los Llanos, near Santa Elena,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="BD94E372D363CAD5554FF6CC7A8D3BE4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.305">10°18'18"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="95D5426A135BDA08BA012C72E602F599" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-84.83723">84°50'14"W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 1150m (J. Longino); Monteverde,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="2C587A6EE6204932102B7549C7648012" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="10.3">10°18'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="7ACFE163CDD1B5740754FA8F534EF86F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-84.8">84°48'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 1400m (S. Koptur); San Jose, Loma San Antonio, nr San Jose,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="94094A0B065C1615CE7C531883C5CDF9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="9.9">9°54'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="C7EADCEFCAD3CA529ED3A99662EF5260" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-84.03333">84°02'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 1300m (J. Longino); San Jose,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="60C5097643BE120EE58F23B5D334FDFD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="9.933333">9°56'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="8B74FBB0972B4F726A0034258A65CFCE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-84.083336">84°05'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 1100m (J. Longino); MEXICO: Chiapas, 15km ENE Huixtla,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="C7A650DD5F262F8E5C46BFE85BBCF0FC" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="15.183333">15°11'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="313E43BEE7938304BDAA6FDD51CD84E7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-92.333336">092°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 1200m (I. Perfecto).
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |