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<mods:title id="2A1E19DC13172FE13401DDA5B6AD9F1A">Revision of the genus Turris Batsch, 1789 (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B6205D7538FFCEDFD8F906FD1010F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5076861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119512114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5076861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B6205D7538FFCEDFD8F906FD1010F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6205D7538FFCEDFD8F906FD1010F6" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<subSubSection id="C305C2C07538FFCDDFD8F906FD9D1193" box="[151,613,1680,1706]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B7538FFCDDFD8F906FD9D1193" blockId="21.[151,613,1680,1740]" box="[151,613,1680,1706]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0E826277538FFCDDFD8F906FD9D1193" bold="true" box="[151,613,1680,1706]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC87538FFCDDFD8F906FD9D1193" ID-CoL="59QMY" authority="(Sowerby, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,613,1680,1706]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Turris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptorrhaphe">
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDFD8F906FD9D1193" bold="true" box="[151,613,1680,1706]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDFD8F906FE6E1193" bold="true" box="[151,406,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Turris cryptorrhaphe</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDEEAF906FDA51193" author="Sowerby" box="[421,605,1680,1706]" firstAuthor="Sowerby" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32507" refString="Sowerby, G. B. Ist (1825) A catalogue of the shells contained in the collection of the late Earl of Tankerville, arranged according to the Lamarckian conchological system; together with an appendix, containing descriptions of many new species. London: E. J. Stirling. vii + 92 pp., appendix i - xxxiv, 9 unnumbered pls." type="book" year="1825">Sowerby, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305C2C07538FFCDDFD8F925FE9C11F5" box="[151,356,1715,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B7538FFCDDFD8F925FE9C11F5" blockId="21.[151,613,1680,1740]" box="[151,356,1715,1740]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="13248DCE7538FFCDDFD8F925FF0C11F2" box="[151,244,1715,1739]" captionStart="PLATE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,234,1119,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,193,1097]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="PLATE 12. Turris cryptorrhaphe (Sowerby, 1825): A—Holotype of Pleurotoma cryptorrhaphe, locality unknown, NHMUK 1963470, 67.5 x 21.1 mm; B, C—Cagayan, Philippines, BO colln, 72.1 x 17.7 mm; D—Bohol, Philippines, BO colln, 61.7 x 14.5 mm; E—Olango Is., Cebu, Philippines, BO colln, 67.4 x 17.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5884717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5884717/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Plate 12</figureCitation>
, figs A–E
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305C2C07538FFCDDFD8F96DFB9010F0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B7538FFCDDFD8F96DFB5F1009" blockId="21.[151,1437,1787,1993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0FB6657538FFCDDFD8F96DFB5F1009" infered="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC87538FFCDDFD8F96DFD421028" ID-CoL="4KDV9" authority="G. B. Sowerby, I, 1825: 58" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby, I" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,698,1787,1809]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Pleurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptorrhaphe">
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDFD8F96DFE5E1028" box="[151,422,1787,1809]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pleurotoma cryptorrhaphe</emphasis>
G. B.
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDEAAF96DFD421028" author="Sowerby" box="[485,698,1787,1809]" page="58" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1825">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDEAAF96DFD6D1028" author="Sowerby" box="[485,661,1787,1809]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32507" refString="Sowerby, G. B. Ist (1825) A catalogue of the shells contained in the collection of the late Earl of Tankerville, arranged according to the Lamarckian conchological system; together with an appendix, containing descriptions of many new species. London: E. J. Stirling. vii + 92 pp., appendix i - xxxiv, 9 unnumbered pls." type="book" year="1825">Sowerby, I, 1825</bibRefCitation>
: 58
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDD8AF96AFC171028" author="Gray" box="[709,1007,1787,1809]" page="120" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1839">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDD8AF96AFC451028" author="Gray" box="[709,957,1787,1809]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="33 - 44" refId="ref30372" refString="Gray, J. E. &amp; Sowerby, G. B (1839) Molluscous animals and their shells. In: Beechey, F. W. (Ed.) The zoology of Captain Beechey's Voyage; compiled from the collections and Remarks made by Captain Beechey ... during a voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Straits performed in His Majesty's ship Blossom. London: H. G. Bohn. pp 101 - 142 [pp 143 - 155 continued by G. B. Sowerby], pls 33 - 44." type="book chapter" year="1839">
Gray &amp; Sowerby
<date id="FFA1B78B7538FFCDDC37F96AFC451028" box="[888,957,1788,1809]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1839-01">I 1839</date>
</bibRefCitation>
: 120
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 34, fig. 8;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDBCDF96AFB051028" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[1154,1277,1788,1809]" journalOrPublisher="London: Reeve Brothers" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 155" part="1" refId="ref32173" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1843 - 46) Monograph of the Genus Pleurotoma. Conchologia Iconica, or Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. London: Reeve Brothers. Vol. 1: pls 1 - 18, species 1 - 155 (1843.]; pl. 19, species 156 - 165 (1844); pls 20 - 33, species 166 - 305 (1845.); pls 34 - 40, species 306 - 369 + index and errata (1846)." title="Monograph of the Genus Pleurotoma. Conchologia Iconica, or Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals" type="book chapter" year="1843">Reeve 1843</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 234, fig. 16 (“15” on plate);
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDE23F88DFE1F1016" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[364,487,1818,1840]" journalOrPublisher="London: Reeve Brothers" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 155" part="1" refId="ref32173" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1843 - 46) Monograph of the Genus Pleurotoma. Conchologia Iconica, or Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. London: Reeve Brothers. Vol. 1: pls 1 - 18, species 1 - 155 (1843.]; pl. 19, species 156 - 165 (1844); pls 20 - 33, species 166 - 305 (1845.); pls 34 - 40, species 306 - 369 + index and errata (1846)." title="Monograph of the Genus Pleurotoma. Conchologia Iconica, or Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals" type="book chapter" year="1843">Reeve 1843</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1, sp. 7;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDD27F88CFCCC1016" author="Weinkauff" box="[616,820,1818,1840]" page="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1875">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDD27F88CFCCC1016" author="Weinkauff" box="[616,820,1818,1840]" firstAuthor="Weinkauff" page="20" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="283" refId="ref32787" refString="Weinkauff, H. C. (1875) Ueber eine kritische Gruppe des Genus Pleurotoma Lam. Sensu stricto. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2, 283 - 292, pl. 9." type="journal article" year="1875">Weinkauff 1875: 20</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 4, figs 4–7. Type loc.: not given.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0914B7538FFCDDFD8F8ACFBA810B5" blockId="21.[151,1437,1787,1993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0FB6657538FFCDDFD8F8ACFBA810B5" bridged="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC87538FFCDDFD8F8ACFE961077" ID-CoL="59QMY" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,366,1848,1871]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Turris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptorrhaphe">
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDFD8F8ACFE961077" box="[151,366,1848,1871]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Turris cryptorrhaphe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDE33F8AEFDCE1077" author="Powell" box="[380,566,1848,1870]" page="335" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDE33F8AEFDCE1077" author="Powell" box="[380,566,1848,1870]" firstAuthor="Powell" page="335" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="227 - 346" refId="ref32010" refString="Powell, A. W. B. (1964) The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1. The subfamily Turrinae. Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 1 (5), 227 - 346, pls 172 - 262." type="journal article" year="1964">Powell, 1964: 335</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(refs), pl. 181, figs 14–15;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDC1EF8AEFBBB1077" author="Cernohorsky" box="[849,1091,1848,1870]" page="183" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDC1EF8AEFBBB1077" author="Cernohorsky" box="[849,1091,1848,1870]" firstAuthor="Cernohorsky" page="183" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref29589" refString="Cernohorsky, W. O. (1972) Marine Shells of the Pacific. Vol. II. Sydney: Pacific Publications. 411 pp., 68 pls" type="book" year="1972">Cernohorsky 1972: 183</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 53, fig. 3;
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDB93F8AEFA6F1077" author="Olivera" box="[1244,1431,1848,1870]" page="308" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDB93F8AEFA6F1077" author="Olivera" box="[1244,1431,1848,1870]" firstAuthor="Olivera" page="308" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="295 - 318" refId="ref31762" refString="Olivera, B. M. (2000 [&quot; 1999 &quot;]) The subfamily Turrinae in the Philippines: The genus Turris (Roding, 1798). Philippine Journal of Science, 128 (4), 295 - 318." type="journal article" year="2000">Olivera 2000: 308</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 1, specimen 13, pl. 7;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDE83F8C1FD451054" author="Vera-Pelaez" box="[460,701,1879,1901]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vera-Pelaez" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref32702" refString="Vera-Pelaez, J. L., Vega-Luz, R. &amp; Lozano-Francisco, M. C. (2000) Five new species of the genus Turris Roding, 1798 of the Philippines and one new species of the Southern Indo-Pacific. Malakos, 2, 1 - 29, pls 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2000">
Vera-Peláez
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDD03F8CEFD791054" box="[588,641,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 1, fig. 4 (protoconch), pl. 6, figs 6–7;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDB20F8C1FAE21054" author="Higo" box="[1135,1306,1879,1901]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Higo" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30699" refString="Higo, S., Callomon, P. &amp; Goto, Y. (2001) Catalogue and bibliography of the marine shell-bearing Mollusca of Japan. Type figures. Osaka, Japan: Elle Scientific Publications. 208 pp." type="book" year="2001">
Higo
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDBE6F8CEFB251054" box="[1193,1245,1879,1901]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 101, fig. G3529 (
<typeStatus id="54A42FE97538FFCDDE56F8E0FE8F10B5" box="[281,375,1910,1932]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDEC6F8E0FD8210B2" author="Olivera &amp; Sysoev" box="[393,634,1910,1932]" firstAuthor="Olivera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="677 - 688" refId="ref31856" refString="Olivera, B. M. &amp; Sysoev, A. V. (2008) Turridae. In Guido Poppe. Philippine Marine Molluscs. Hackenheim: Klaus &amp; Christina Groh. Vol. II: pp 764 - 788, pls 677 - 688," type="book chapter" year="2008">Olivera &amp; Sysoev 2008</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 681, figs 8–9;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDC78F8E0FC4A10B2" author="Robin" box="[823,946,1910,1932]" firstAuthor="Robin" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32268" refString="Robin, A. (2008) Encyclopedia of Marine Gastropods. ConchBooks: Hackenheim. 480 pp." type="book" year="2008">Robin 2008</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 448, fig. 6..
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0914B7538FFCDDFD8F800FD2F1093" blockId="21.[151,1437,1787,1993]" box="[151,727,1940,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0FB6657538FFCDDFD8F800FD2F1093" box="[151,727,1940,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC87538FFCDDFD8F800FE041093" authority="Wood, 1828: 15" authorityName="W. Wood" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,508,1940,1963]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDFD8F800FEAA1092" box="[151,338,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Murex bicarinatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDE17F802FE041093" author="Wood" box="[344,508,1940,1962]" page="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1828">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDE17F802FE041093" author="Wood" box="[344,508,1940,1962]" firstAuthor="Wood" page="15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref32890" refString="Wood, W. (1828) Supplement to the Index Testaceologicus; or a catalogue of shells, British and Foreign. Illustrated with 480 figures. London: Richard Taylor for W. Wood, London. vi + 59 pp, 8 pls." type="book" year="1828">Wood, 1828: 15</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type loc.: unknown.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0914B7538FFCDDFD8F825FB9010F0" blockId="21.[151,1437,1787,1993]" box="[151,1128,1971,1993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0FB6657538FFCDDFD8F825FB9010F0" box="[151,1128,1971,1993]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC87538FFCDDFD8F825FDF210F0" ID-CoL="6W3V6" authority="Kiener, 1839: 12" authorityName="Kiener" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,522,1971,1993]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Pleurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDFD8F825FEA110F0" box="[151,345,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Pleurotoma woodii</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEB75A7538FFCDDE10F825FDF210F0" author="Kiener" box="[351,522,1971,1993]" page="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1839">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA7538FFCDDE10F825FDF210F0" author="Kiener" box="[351,522,1971,1993]" firstAuthor="Kiener" page="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref30874" refString="Kiener, L. C. (1839) Genre Pleurotome (Pleurotoma, Lam.). Species general et iconographie des coquilles vivantes comprenant la collection du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, collection Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena et les decouverts recente des voyageurs. Paris: Rousseau. 84 pp., 27 pls." type="book" year="1839">Kiener, 1839: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 7, fig. 1 (
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDDDCF822FD2F10F0" box="[659,727,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">n. nov.</emphasis>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC87538FFCDDC4FF822FC7A10F0" authorityName="Couthouy" authorityYear="1838" box="[768,898,1971,1993]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Pleurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicarinata">
<emphasis id="B96B4D597538FFCDDC4FF822FC7A10F0" box="[768,898,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. bicarinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Type loc.: unknown.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF60C1C3753BFFCEDFD8FBC9FC97138E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5884717" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5884717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5884717/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,234,1119,1140]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1096]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDFD8FBC9FC97138E" blockId="22.[151,1436,1118,1207]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDFD8FBC9FD50134C" bold="true" box="[151,680,1118,1141]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
PLATE 12.
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC8753BFFCEDE59FBC8FD50134C" authority="(Sowerby, 1825)" authorityName="Sowerby" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Sowerby" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[278,680,1118,1141]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Turris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptorrhaphe">
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDE59FBC8FE0B134D" bold="true" box="[278,499,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Turris cryptorrhaphe</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EECBA753BFFCEDD4EFBC8FD59134C" author="Sowerby" box="[513,673,1118,1141]" firstAuthor="Sowerby" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref32507" refString="Sowerby, G. B. Ist (1825) A catalogue of the shells contained in the collection of the late Earl of Tankerville, arranged according to the Lamarckian conchological system; together with an appendix, containing descriptions of many new species. London: E. J. Stirling. vii + 92 pp., appendix i - xxxiv, 9 unnumbered pls." type="book" year="1825">Sowerby, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDDFAFBC9FD3F134D" bold="true" box="[693,711,1119,1140]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
—
<typeStatus id="54A42FE9753BFFCEDDADFBC9FCB8134C" box="[738,832,1119,1141]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC8753BFFCEDC2DFBC9FB89134C" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby, I" authorityYear="1825" box="[866,1137,1119,1141]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Pleurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptorrhaphe">
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDC2DFBC9FB89134C" box="[866,1137,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pleurotoma cryptorrhaphe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, locality unknown,
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDA73FBF6FA64134C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" box="[1340,1436,1120,1141]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NHMUK</collectionCode>
1963470, 67.5 x
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDE0AFB17FE5B13AF" box="[325,419,1153,1174]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="21.1">21.1 mm</quantity>
;
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDEE1FB17FE4713AF" bold="true" box="[430,447,1153,1174]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDE82FB16FE2713AE" bold="true" box="[461,479,1152,1175]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
—Cagayan,
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDD11FB16FD2B13AF" box="[606,723,1152,1174]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, BO colln, 72.1 x
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDCDEFB17FC1713AF" box="[913,1007,1153,1174]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="17.7">17.7 mm</quantity>
;
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDCB5FB17FBF413AF" bold="true" box="[1018,1036,1153,1174]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
—Bohol,
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDB3EFB16FB1D13AF" box="[1137,1253,1152,1174]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, BO colln, 61.7 x
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDFD8FB37FF0C138E" box="[151,244,1185,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
;
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDFB1FB34FEF7138E" bold="true" box="[254,271,1186,1207]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
—Olango Is., Cebu,
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDEAEFB37FDAD138E" box="[481,597,1185,1207]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, BO colln, 67.4 x
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDC41FB37FC93138E" box="[782,875,1185,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="17.6">17.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C305C2C0753BFFCEDFD8FB71FE8D117A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDFD8FB71FB21128A" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
DESCRIPTION: Shell narrow (b/l 0.25–0.26) with high spire (a/l 0.31–0.33), narrowly acuminate, whorls angular (almost pagodiform), base of last whorl contracted, siphonal canal relatively short and recurved, with a prominent fasciole, often bearing a narrow false umbilicus. Base of each whorl with a double keel, separated by a concavity, the upper the stronger. Upper part of whorls with a weak subsutural cord, bordered anteriorly by a deep, narrow sulcus; sinus ridge narrow and low, often indistinct, except for lunulate growth lines. Base of last whorl with
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDACEFAEEFA6312B6" box="[1409,1435,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ca</emphasis>
17–20 ridges, above alternately weaker and stronger, on rostrum strong and transversely notched.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDF88FA29FCDF12C2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Dull yellowish- or reddish-brown to dark brown, except for a fine spiral line of darker brown on each cord and main ridge; rostrum white or violet, aperture violet-tinged.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDF88F991FB5D1126" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" box="[199,1189,1543,1567]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Protoconch small, subcylindrical, of
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDD2CF99EFD861126" box="[611,638,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ca</emphasis>
2 whorls, with axial riblets, breadth
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDB56F99EFBCC1126" box="[1049,1076,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ca</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDB75F991FB591126" box="[1082,1185,1543,1567]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDF88F9BDFE8D117A" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" box="[199,373,1579,1603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Attains
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDE50F9BDFE89117A" box="[287,369,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="78.0">78 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305C2C0753BFFCEDF88F9D9FE8111B2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDF88F9D9FE8111B2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
DISTRIBUTION:
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDED5F9D9FDFF115E" box="[410,519,1615,1639]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDD71F9D9FD44115E" box="[574,700,1615,1639]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Philippines</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDDAEF9C6FC45115E" box="[737,957,1615,1639]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, east to
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDB57F9D9FB2A115E" box="[1048,1234,1615,1639]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Marshall Islands</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDA45F9D9FACD115E" box="[1290,1333,1615,1639]" name="Fiji" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fiji</collectingCountry>
;
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDA0FF9D9FA6F115E" box="[1344,1431,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="32.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="4.0">4–60 m</quantity>
, in sand under rocks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305C2C0753BFFCEDF88F901FCE810BE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDF88F901FD2F11EA" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
TYPES:
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC8753BFFCEDE63F90EFE111196" authorityName="G. B. Sowerby, I" authorityYear="1825" box="[300,489,1687,1711]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Pleurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptorrhaphe">
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDE63F90EFE111196" box="[300,489,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. cryptorrhaphe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDEB6F901FA601196" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265336" box="[505,1432,1687,1711]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" specimenCode="NHMUK 1963470" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A42FE9753BFFCEDEB6F901FDA31196" box="[505,603,1687,1711]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBB93930753BFFCEDD2DF90EFCC11196" box="[610,825,1687,1711]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NHMUK 1963470</specimenCode>
, ex Stainforth collection, dimensions 67.5 x
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDA7EF901FA601196" box="[1329,1432,1687,1711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="21.1">21.1 mm</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDFD8F92AFD2B11EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265337" box="[151,723,1723,1748]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC8753BFFCEDFD8F92AFEC311EA" authorityName="W. Wood" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,315,1723,1747]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bicarinatus">
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDFD8F92AFEC311EA" box="[151,315,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M. bicarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC8753BFFCEDE03F92DFE6011EA" authorityName="Kiener" authorityYear="1839" box="[332,408,1723,1747]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turridae" genus="Pleurotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="woodii">
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDE03F92DFE6011EA" box="[332,408,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">woodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): location of type unknown
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDF88F949FCE810BE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED:
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDD2CF949FEDD1022" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265335" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDD2CF949FCF411CE" box="[611,780,1759,1783]" name="Philippines" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
: Olango Is., Cebu (B0 colln); Balut Is., Mindanao (
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDA06F949FA6411CE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[1353,1436,1759,1783]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NMSA</collectionCode>
L1972: B0),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDE7EF895FB581022" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265312" box="[305,1184,1795,1819]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
between Olango, Cebu and Bohol Islands,
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDC7FF895FC601022" box="[816,920,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20–60 m</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDCE3F895FC071022" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[940,1023,1795,1819]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NMSA</collectionCode>
L8203: BO);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDBE3F895FEB01006" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265334" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Palawan, tangle nets (
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDFD1F8B1FF091006" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[158,241,1831,1855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NMSA</collectionCode>
J3213:
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDE1CF8BEFAE01006" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265325" box="[339,1304,1831,1855]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
F. J. Springsteen); Panglao, Bohol, tangle nets (
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDCC8F8B1FC211006" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" box="[903,985,1831,1855]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NMSA</collectionCode>
K2452: F. J. Springsteen);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDA6CF8B1FE3D105A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265366" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Bohol and Cagayan (G. Poppe colln);</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDE80F8DAFB71105A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265303" box="[463,1161,1867,1891]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<collectingCountry id="F308D1DB753BFFCEDE80F8DAFD38105A" box="[463,704,1867,1891]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">NEW CALEDONIA</collectingCountry>
:
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BF78C753BFFCEDD82F8DDFCB9105A" box="[717,833,1867,1891]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="-20.84">20°50.4’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BF78C753BFFCEDC00F8DDFC2A105A" box="[847,978,1867,1891]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="165.38">165°22.8’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDCAFF8DDFBE5105A" box="[992,1053,1867,1891]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDB63F8DAFB7D105A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1068,1157,1868,1891]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MNHN</collectionCode>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDBDCF8DDFE9D10BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265319" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BF78C753BFFCEDBDCF8DDFAFE105A" box="[1171,1286,1867,1891]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="-20.69">20°41.4’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BF78C753BFFCEDA5BF8DDFA6F105A" box="[1300,1431,1867,1891]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="164.24667">164°14.8’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDFD8F8F9FF0410BE" box="[151,252,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 m</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDE47F8E6FE9910BE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[264,353,1904,1927]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MNHN</collectionCode>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B779B16753BFFCEDE23F8F9FCF410BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3451265328" box="[364,780,1903,1927]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BF78C753BFFCEDE23F8F9FE2710BE" box="[364,479,1903,1927]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="-20.873333">20°52.4’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2BF78C753BFFCEDEA4F8F9FD9610BE" box="[491,622,1903,1927]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="92" value="167.14166">167°08.5’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE73CAE753BFFCEDD36F8F9FD5E10BE" box="[633,678,1903,1927]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0E098E753BFFCEDDFDF8E6FCF410BE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[690,780,1904,1927]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">MNHN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305C2C0753BFFCEDF88F805FD1010F6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA0914B753BFFCEDF88F805FD1010F6" blockId="22.[151,1437,1255,1999]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
REMARKS: The protoconch is more frequently retained than in most
<taxonomicName id="4C1FEAC8753BFFCEDB4EF802FB5B1092" box="[1025,1187,1939,1963]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B96B4D59753BFFCEDB4EF802FBBD1092" box="[1025,1093,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Turris</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, at least in immature individuals, possibly indicative of a burrowing habit.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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