158 lines
21 KiB
XML
158 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="58578D49A4B351BA4F05F2FFBACCCC6B" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.640.2.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13213550" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1722601737466" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Simão, Inês, Reyes-Betancort, J. Alfredo, Talhinhas, Pedro, Morais-Cecílio, Leonor & Silveira, Paulo" docDate="2024" docId="03E8878DFFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFACC77DD" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.640.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 640 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.640.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Calendula Linnaeus 1753" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="FFD1FFF5FFECFF99FFB7FFBEFFA4724B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1724685253494" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="D0A00CB4CC273B339BC4E88B4BB9FF0F">Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1B4EA038E513EA39628D0956A8987D1B">Simão, Inês</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="20D059DB0CE8F6A7E324F0CEE51D7F09">Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 - 193, Aveiro, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="644F4D8FF31954ACD85ACA57A70E3AE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="600B0DE23DA0F1D107A35806959CA460">Reyes-Betancort, J. Alfredo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="985E4785DB4E354A34CC648DA0F1D131">Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (ICIA), C. Retama, 2, 38400 Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F34838D74A5747F17DB3A90F56CE41BC">Talhinhas, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A900E6F6067C732C8344DA42D583910C">LEAF- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2236338DB00B4343E80D885AE513C27E">Morais-Cecílio, Leonor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B1829BA4CCC2F1E312E4C19086C252F">LEAF- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2DFFB3D81B41B54A521DCF525D6CEF1A">Silveira, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F2B388BC73CCEC628DEC98BFC44135EB">Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 - 193, Aveiro, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A54EDB51D43A0BC4D06F1C4638B4A262">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2D35A9AF67B1A07CCE04F5B65E6A3D2C">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1E57F8CEB4631915FE67F3BBFD5F1C63">2024-03-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="30775893CF194B8FCF1235745A13EF81">640</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="BA7E4371A7A005B445CC830EFD462050">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.640.2.3</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="CF190FB65DD191F6289D1A72204F61DC" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.640.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ED0B4AC2BB8738EEB87BDB90FCCADAA8" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E8878DFFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFACC77DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E8878DFFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFACC77DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E8878DFFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFACC77DD" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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<subSubSection id="C35B6510FFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFCAC7145" box="[136,776,756,783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFE369BFFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFCAC7145" blockId="3.[136,776,756,783]" box="[136,776,756,783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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<heading id="D0B681F7FFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFCAC7145" bold="true" box="[136,776,756,783]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFF3FFD4AFCAC7145" bold="true" box="[136,776,756,783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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Variability of
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFE9AFD4AFE017144" ID-CoL="3F6P" authority="Linnaeus, 1753" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[301,421,756,783]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFE9AFD4AFE017144" bold="true" box="[301,421,756,783]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Calendula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in the
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<collectingRegion id="4985F879FFEFFF9AFDE7FD4AFCAC7145" box="[592,776,756,782]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35B6510FFEFFF9AFF3FFC83FACC77DD" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFE369BFFEFFF9AFF3FFC83FF027619" blockId="3.[136,1452,828,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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Twenty-one quantitative characters from
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<tableCitation id="C6C30320FFEFFF9AFDE5FC82FD00711D" box="[594,676,828,854]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 1. List of quantitative characters used in this study." pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Table 1</tableCitation>
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were selected considering their importance in the distinction between taxa and submitted to analysis of variance to test for significant differences. The results of these tests are summarized in
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<tableCitation id="C6C30320FFEFFF9AFF11FC3AFF5F71D5" box="[166,251,900,926]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="11.[136,229,158,184]" captionText="TABLE 4. Univariate statistical analysis of Calendula species from the Canary Islands." pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Table 4</tableCitation>
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and showed significant differences between groups (P<0.0001) in the 21 characters analyzed, except for the length of spines in rostrate and sub-rostrate achenes and the length and width of sub-rostrate achenes. Boxplots representing the variability of 27 quantitative characters for the
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFCEBFC72FB8E71AD" box="[860,1066,972,998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFCEBFC72FC7571AD" box="[860,977,972,998]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Calendula</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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are presented in
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFB5AFC72FAF371AD" box="[1261,1367,972,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[136,229,2021,2043]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,320,1986]" captionTargetId="figure-99@4.[164,1423,314,1993]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Boxplots representing the variability of foliar quantitative characters in Calendula species. Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213552" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213552/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFAD1FC72FAD271AD" box="[1382,1398,972,998]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[154,1429,194,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,190,1045]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Boxplots representing the variability of floral quantitative characters in Calendula species. Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213554" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213554/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">2</figureCitation>
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, and 3. Appendix I contains a table with the results of the morphometric analysis, used for the elaboration of the boxplots. Some of the characters are only present in one or two groups, such as the trialate achenes length and width (
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFAD7FBAAFF3C7619" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[136,229,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,191,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[158,1429,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Boxplots representing the variability of fruit quantitative characters in Calendula species. Different letters reveal statistical differences at P <0.05; n.s. means that no statistical differences were found." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213558/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFE369BFFEFFF9AFF0AFBE2FACC77DD" blockId="3.[136,1452,828,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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The morphometric analysis allowed to distinguish four groups of specimens in the
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<collectingRegion id="4985F879FFEFFF9AFBD3FBE2FAB4763D" box="[1124,1296,1116,1142]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
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. Two of these groups corresponded to already established species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFD72FB3EFCE576D1" box="[709,833,1152,1178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFD72FB3EFCE576D1" box="[709,833,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C. arvensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFCC3FB3EFBAE76D1" box="[884,1034,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFCC3FB3EFBA276D1" box="[884,1030,1152,1178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">C. officinalis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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However, the other two corresponded to new taxa, since their morphology was not consistent with any other species known in the genus, for the
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<collectingRegion id="4985F879FFEFFF9AFAEDFB1AFF7376A9" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
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or any other territory of the distribution of
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFD0FFB76FC9076A9" box="[696,820,1224,1250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFD0FFB76FC8B76A9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[696,815,1224,1250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calendula</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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especially concerning the presence or absence of certain morphological characters of the achenes and floral morphology. The specimens from these groups were named
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFA25FB52FF487761" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sventenii">
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFA25FB52FF487761" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C. sventenii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFF4EFAAEFEC17761" box="[249,357,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[136,229,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-87@19.[151,1436,533,1950]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Calendula sventenii (Silveira, P., Simão, I. and Reyes-Bet. 3383, 3384.2, 3391). A. habit (3384.2); B, C. flowering capitula (3391); D. fruiting capitulum (3383)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213572/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Figures 9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFEC7FAAEFE3F7761" box="[368,411,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1310,1332]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,190,1286]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis form arvensis (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.e); B. C. arvensis form macroptera (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.c); C. C. sventenii (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327. a); D. C. ricardoi (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.g); E. C. officinalis (Silveira, P. 2986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213574/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">10c</figureCitation>
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, and
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFE62FAAEFE5B7761" box="[469,511,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[136,229,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[414,1173,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[414,1173,190,1859]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Variability of leaf morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis (1. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.3; 2. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.5; 3. Reyes-Bet.in P. Silveira 3119.1; 4. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet.3413.2; 5. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3413.3; 6. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3412.2; 7, 8. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3397.7); B. C. sventenii (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3383.2; 2, 3. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3380; 4–6. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.a; 7–9. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves,A.C.R.S. 3327. b); C. C. ricardoi (1, 2. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3377; 3. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.i.4; 4, 5. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.l); D. C. officinalis (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3421.1; 2. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3409)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213576/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">11b</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFD8BFAAEFD137761" box="[572,695,1296,1322]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ricardoi">
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<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFD8BFAAEFD137761" box="[572,695,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C. ricardoi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFD73FAAEFC8B7761" box="[708,815,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="18.[136,229,1999,2021]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,497,1975]" captionTargetId="figure-173@18.[151,1436,497,1975]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 8. Calendula ricardoi (Silveira, P., Simão, I. and Reyes-Bet. 3327.j, 3327.l). A. habit (observation on site); B. flowering and fruiting capitula (3327.j); C. fruiting capitulum (3327.l)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213568/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Figures 8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFC8CFAAEFCC37761" box="[827,871,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[136,229,1310,1332]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-26@20.[151,1436,190,1286]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Variability of achene morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis form arvensis (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.e); B. C. arvensis form macroptera (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.c); C. C. sventenii (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327. a); D. C. ricardoi (Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.g); E. C. officinalis (Silveira, P. 2986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213574/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">10d</figureCitation>
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, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="137A2A1EFFEFFF9AFC16FAAEFC6F7761" box="[929,971,1296,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[136,229,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[414,1173,190,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[414,1173,190,1859]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Variability of leaf morphology of Calendula. A. C. arvensis (1. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.3; 2. Reyes-Bet. in P. Silveira 3426.5; 3. Reyes-Bet.in P. Silveira 3119.1; 4. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet.3413.2; 5. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3413.3; 6. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3412.2; 7, 8. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3397.7); B. C. sventenii (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3383.2; 2, 3. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3380; 4–6. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.a; 7–9. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves,A.C.R.S. 3327. b); C. C. ricardoi (1, 2. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3377; 3. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.i.4; 4, 5. Silveira, P. and Gonçalves, A.C.R.S. 3327.l); D. C. officinalis (1. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3421.1; 2. Silveira, Simão and Reyes-Bet. 3409)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13213576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13213576/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">11c</figureCitation>
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). These differences were further confirmed with the multiple comparison tests done on the morphometric analysis which showed significant differences between the two taxa in several characters, such as HD, LL, IL, R1, RL, RW, TL, and TW. The main morphological differences between these two taxa and the most similar species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFD6AFAC2FC3077DD" box="[733,916,1404,1430]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tripterocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFD6AFAC2FC3077DD" box="[733,916,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C. tripterocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C414D18FFEFFF9AFC7DFAC2FBEC77DD" box="[970,1096,1404,1430]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arvensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B935EA89FFEFFF9AFC7DFAC2FBEC77DD" box="[970,1096,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="128">C. arvensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C30320FFEFFF9AFAB9FAC2FAC077DD" box="[1294,1380,1404,1430]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[136,224,1211,1235]" captionText="TABLE 2. Main diagnostic characters between the new taxa reported for the Canary Islands (C. sventenii and C. ricardoi) and the most similar taxa C. arvensis, also from the Canary islands, and C. tripterocarpa, from Morocco (Gonçalves et al. 2023)." pageId="3" pageNumber="128">Table 2</tableCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |