treatments-xml/data/AD/1B/87/AD1B87ADFFF5CC6AFF2506B7FBBCF80E.xml
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<document id="2B9CEC686E5E092A08070553B356574E" ID-CLB-Dataset="4004" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7903d074-a590-48ba-b7e6-b515a0f1c65d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572077" ID-ZooBank="1EB14EF1-E205-4E37-85F9-DFD97BE93058" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634301027205" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Roux, Michel &amp; Philippe, Michel" docDate="2021" docId="AD1B87ADFFF5CC6AFF2506B7FBBCF80E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5052.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5052 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Papacrinus avignonensis Roux &amp; Philippe 2021, n. gen., n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="323" masterDocId="5122FFD5FFE3CC7CFFB2027EFF8EFFFB" masterDocTitle="Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy" masterLastPageNumber="331" masterPageNumber="301" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1699460049339" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="50F9724C8A33E0FD6B74FEA61C4E6806">Early Miocene stalked crinoids (Echinodermata) from the southern Rhodanian basin (southeastern France). Paleoenvironments and taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="518B59002E06F98F79BB05A1760B0AE6">Roux, Michel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="93EA5F4B8FC0348F8975B8993044B700">Muséum national dHistoire naturelle, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Département Systématique et Évolution, CP</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B9AFFC928427A800D8885BB6DFAE78F">Philippe, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2C208D02D9A9AA163B88C3D29BB64D87">Centre “ Louis Lortet de conservation et détude des collections (Musée des Confluences, Lyon) 13 A, rue Bancel - 69007 Lyon, France. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4582 - 8990</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="57CFBF7DBE45A131BC146AE095F2C033">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AD1B87ADFFF5CC6AFF2506B7FBBCF80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572117" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189004414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5572117" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF5CC6AFF2506B7FBBCF80E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD1B87ADFFF5CC6AFF2506B7FBBCF80E" lastPageNumber="323" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF2506B7FDFCFB18" box="[151,626,1225,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF2506B7FDFCFB18" blockId="22.[151,626,1225,1287]" box="[151,626,1225,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<heading id="7E4581D7FFF5CC6AFF2506B7FDFCFB18" bold="true" box="[151,626,1225,1251]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" reason="1">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF2506B7FDFCFB18" bold="true" box="[151,626,1225,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFF2506B7FE49FB18" authority="Roux &amp; Philippe, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Philippe" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,455,1225,1251]" class="Crinoidea" family="Rhizocrinidae" genus="Papacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="avignonensis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF2506B7FE49FB18" bold="true" box="[151,455,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Papacrinus avignonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CF557D2FFF5CC6AFE7D06B7FDFCFB18" box="[463,626,1225,1251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF250693FE90FAFC" box="[151,286,1261,1287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="description">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF250693FE90FAFC" blockId="22.[151,626,1225,1287]" box="[151,286,1261,1287]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF5CC6AFF250693FE97FAFC" box="[151,281,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Isocrinid and rhizocrinid columnals. AK: from Palais des Papes in Avignon; AC: Metacrinus berthei (MHNL 20.062719), AB: symplexies with anomalous 4-symmetry, C: distal internodal from a young individual; DF: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n. sp. (MHNL 20.062726), D: oblique distal view, EF: oblique proximal view, F: close up of cirrus socket; GK: Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (MHNL 20.062727), GH: columnal from dististele, G: proximal view, H: close up of fulcral ridge, oblique view, I: columnal from middle mesistele, J: columnal from proximal dististele, proximal view, K: columnal from proximal dististele, side distal view; L: Gastecrinus viticolis n. gen., n. sp. from Vigne Gaste (Istres), aboral cup (MHNL 20.062729). Scale bar equals 1 mm in AF and L, 0.5 mm in G and IK, 0.1 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572111/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 12DF</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF250751FC4CFAB1" box="[151,962,1326,1354]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF250751FC4CFAB1" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" box="[151,962,1326,1354]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF250751FECBFAB3" bold="true" box="[151,325,1326,1353]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="95DA3CE6FFF5CC6AFEF80751FC31FAB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387175303" box="[330,959,1327,1354]" collectionCode="MHNL" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCode="MHNL 20.062726" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
A single isolated nodal as
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF5CC6AFDC20751FD5CFAB2" box="[624,722,1327,1353]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="75149EC0FFF5CC6AFD520751FC38FAB1" box="[736,950,1327,1354]" collectionCode="MHNL" country="France" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4jmm-iazx" name="Musee Guimet d'Histoire Naturelle de Lyon" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">MHNL 20.062726</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF75072DFCD6FA95" box="[199,856,1363,1390]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF75072DFCD6FA95" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" box="[199,856,1363,1390]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF75072DFEC0FA96" bold="true" box="[199,334,1363,1389]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Etymology.</emphasis>
From Avignon (reference to the
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF5CC6AFD0E072DFD62FA96" box="[700,748,1363,1389]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">type</typeStatus>
locality).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF750708FD80FA6A" box="[199,526,1398,1425]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF750708FD80FA6A" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" box="[199,526,1398,1425]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF750708FECCFA6B" bold="true" box="[199,322,1398,1424]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
As in description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF7507E5FC9AFA22" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF7507E5FDB4FA4E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" box="[199,570,1435,1461]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF7507E5FEE1FA4E" bold="true" box="[199,367,1435,1461]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF5CC6AFF7507E5FE8CFA4E" box="[199,258,1435,1461]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Type</typeStatus>
stratum.
</emphasis>
Late Burdigalian.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF7507C1FC9AFA22" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" box="[199,788,1470,1497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF7507C1FEE8FA23" bold="true" box="[199,358,1470,1497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<typeStatus id="FA098819FFF5CC6AFF7507C1FE8CFA22" box="[199,258,1471,1497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="95DA3CE6FFF5CC6AFEDE07C1FC9FFA22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3387175304" box="[364,785,1471,1497]" location="Place du Palais des Papes" municipality="Papes in Avignon" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="206D6060FFF5CC6AFEDE07C1FD04FA22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD1B87ADFFF5CC6AFF2506B7FBBCF80E:206D6060FFF5CC6AFEDE07C1FD04FA22" box="[364,650,1471,1497]" municipality="Papes in Avignon" name="Place du Palais des Papes" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
Place du Palais des
<collectingMunicipality id="C569ACC1FFF5CC6AFDFB07C1FD04FA22" box="[585,650,1471,1497]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Papes</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
in Avignon
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF75079CFD26F976" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="description">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF75079CFD26F976" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF75079CFED7FA07" bold="true" box="[199,345,1506,1532]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Description.</emphasis>
Nodal with subcircular to pentalobate facets, H:
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF5CC6AFC13079DFB85FA06" box="[929,1035,1507,1533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="1.43">1.43 mm</quantity>
, D:
<quantity id="E24A9B5EFFF5CC6AFBF1079CFB23FA06" box="[1091,1197,1506,1533]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" unit="mm" value="4.65">4.65 mm</quantity>
, H/D 0.31, identical symplexy on each facet (
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF5CC6AFE000479FDB6F9DA" box="[434,568,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Isocrinid and rhizocrinid columnals. AK: from Palais des Papes in Avignon; AC: Metacrinus berthei (MHNL 20.062719), AB: symplexies with anomalous 4-symmetry, C: distal internodal from a young individual; DF: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n. sp. (MHNL 20.062726), D: oblique distal view, EF: oblique proximal view, F: close up of cirrus socket; GK: Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (MHNL 20.062727), GH: columnal from dististele, G: proximal view, H: close up of fulcral ridge, oblique view, I: columnal from middle mesistele, J: columnal from proximal dististele, proximal view, K: columnal from proximal dististele, side distal view; L: Gastecrinus viticolis n. gen., n. sp. from Vigne Gaste (Istres), aboral cup (MHNL 20.062729). Scale bar equals 1 mm in AF and L, 0.5 mm in G and IK, 0.1 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572111/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 12DE</figureCitation>
) with pyriform to triangular closed petaloid zones, 12 Cr/PZ of variable size including 6 marginal ones, weak crenularium relief, massive protuberance curved proximally prolonging PZ (
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF5CC6AFADD0455FF46F992" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Isocrinid and rhizocrinid columnals. AK: from Palais des Papes in Avignon; AC: Metacrinus berthei (MHNL 20.062719), AB: symplexies with anomalous 4-symmetry, C: distal internodal from a young individual; DF: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n. sp. (MHNL 20.062726), D: oblique distal view, EF: oblique proximal view, F: close up of cirrus socket; GK: Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (MHNL 20.062727), GH: columnal from dististele, G: proximal view, H: close up of fulcral ridge, oblique view, I: columnal from middle mesistele, J: columnal from proximal dististele, proximal view, K: columnal from proximal dististele, side distal view; L: Gastecrinus viticolis n. gen., n. sp. from Vigne Gaste (Istres), aboral cup (MHNL 20.062729). Scale bar equals 1 mm in AF and L, 0.5 mm in G and IK, 0.1 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572111/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
); deep, subcircular cirrus sockets much lower than the nodal height, nearly tangent to the distal N facet border, with two strong triangular culminae (
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF5CC6AFD8A040DFD15F976" box="[568,667,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[169,1418,181,1778]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 12. Isocrinid and rhizocrinid columnals. AK: from Palais des Papes in Avignon; AC: Metacrinus berthei (MHNL 20.062719), AB: symplexies with anomalous 4-symmetry, C: distal internodal from a young individual; DF: Papacrinus avignonensis n. gen., n. sp. (MHNL 20.062726), D: oblique distal view, EF: oblique proximal view, F: close up of cirrus socket; GK: Paraconocrinus rhodanicus n. sp. (MHNL 20.062727), GH: columnal from dististele, G: proximal view, H: close up of fulcral ridge, oblique view, I: columnal from middle mesistele, J: columnal from proximal dististele, proximal view, K: columnal from proximal dististele, side distal view; L: Gastecrinus viticolis n. gen., n. sp. from Vigne Gaste (Istres), aboral cup (MHNL 20.062729). Scale bar equals 1 mm in AF and L, 0.5 mm in G and IK, 0.1 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572111" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572111/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6DA86530FFF5CC6AFF7504E9FBBCF80E" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF7504E9FEC6F82A" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF7504E9FEB5F94A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1687,1713]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Remarks.</emphasis>
The symplexial crenularium of
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFD1B04E9FC4AF94B" authority="Roux &amp; Philippe, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Philippe" authorityYear="2021" box="[681,964,1687,1712]" class="Crinoidea" family="Rhizocrinidae" genus="Papacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="avignonensis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFD1B04E9FC4AF94B" box="[681,964,1687,1712]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Papacrinus avignonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFC7E04E9FB92F94A" bold="true" box="[972,1052,1687,1713]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CF557D2FFF5CC6AFC7E04E9FB92F94A" box="[972,1052,1687,1713]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
n., sp. is of balanocrine-type (see
<figureCitation id="BD892A3EFFF5CC6AFF2504C5FF7CF92E" box="[151,242,1723,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[227,1359,967,1665]" captionTargetId="figure-358@6.[216,1370,957,1669]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Morphology of crinoid ossicles. AD in isocrinid stalk, A: side view of a stalk segment (Ci: cirrus, IN: internodal, N: nodal, D: diameter, H: columnal height, Lnd: noditaxis length), B: symplexial facet of metacrinine type (IPZ: interpetaloid zone, PZ: petaloid zone, icr: inner crenularium, igr: interpetaloid groove, lg; ligament area, mdcr: middle crenularium, mgcr: marginal crenularium, pl: perilumen), C: symplexial facet of diplocrinine type (opz: open petaloid zone), C: symplexial facet of balanocrinine type (cpz: close petaloid zone); EF: in isocrinid arm, E: proximal arm pattern in Metacrinus (IBr: primibrachials, IIBr: secundibrachials, R: radial, s1: synostosis at IBr1+2, s2: synostosis at IBr4+5); F: facet of muscular synarthry (al: aboral ligament depression, il: inner ligament area, m: muscular area, ps:pinnule socket); GH: in rhizocrinid columnal, G: distal view, H: side view (fr: fulcral ridge, ri: rhizoid insertion). Measured parameters, D: greatest diameter including insertion of rhizoid, D: greatest articular facet diameter without rhizoid insertion, d: smallest articular facet diameter, H: columnal height, ri: rhizoid insertion)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5572081/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Such side protuberances are unknown in extant and fossil
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFC2F04C5FB9FF92E" authorityName="Sieverts-Doreck" authorityYear="1952" box="[925,1041,1723,1749]" class="Crinoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Isocrinida</taxonomicName>
. The particular morphology of this nodal justifies the creation of a new genus. Its size and relative thickness suggest that it belongs to the distal stalk of a young individual. The absence of a cryptosymplexy is usually a paedomorphic character of the proximal nodals without phylogenetic significance. It is retained in the distal stalk of
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFC2F0559FBA3F8BB" box="[925,1069,1831,1856]" class="Crinoidea" family="Proisocrinidae" genus="Proisocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFC2F0559FBA3F8BB" box="[925,1069,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Proisocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this genus, symplexies differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFE810535FE3AF89F" authority="Roux &amp; Philippe, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Philippe" authorityYear="2021" box="[307,436,1867,1892]" class="Crinoidea" family="Rhizocrinidae" genus="Papacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFE810535FE3AF89F" box="[307,436,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Papacrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFE090535FD87F89E" bold="true" box="[443,521,1867,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CF557D2FFF5CC6AFE090535FD87F89E" box="[443,521,1867,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in having always open PZ; moreover, rudimentary cirri are restricted to proxistele and in mid to distal stalk there are only nudinodals (Bourseau
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFCF10511FCF4F872" box="[835,890,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">et al.</emphasis>
1991). Pending new discoveries allowing a more complete description, the symplexial characters lead us to place
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFCD905EDFC62F857" authority="Roux &amp; Philippe, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Philippe" authorityYear="2021" box="[875,1004,1939,1964]" class="Crinoidea" family="Rhizocrinidae" genus="Papacrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFCD905EDFC62F857" box="[875,1004,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Papacrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFC4605EDFBCDF856" bold="true" box="[1012,1091,1939,1965]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0CF557D2FFF5CC6AFC4605EDFBCDF856" box="[1012,1091,1939,1965]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
provisionally in the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="E2B24D38FFF5CC6AFF2505C9FECAF82A" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,324,1975,2001]" class="Crinoidea" family="Isocrinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="22" pageNumber="323" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Balanocrininae">Balanocrininae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="250D36BBFFF5CC6AFF7505A4FBBCF80E" blockId="22.[151,1437,1326,2037]" box="[199,1074,2010,2037]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">
<emphasis id="17C6EAA9FFF5CC6AFF7505A4FED4F80F" bold="true" box="[199,346,2010,2036]" pageId="22" pageNumber="323">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Only known from Avignon (Palais des Papes), Late Burdigalian.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>