431 lines
54 KiB
XML
431 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="4A909C09A8622058E61C9AD345BEBEF0" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Leptogramma" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="24A75409E0DBDD36A4D5CA389E444CBF">
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<mods:title id="F294775F35FB641BBC5BB7B65D941514">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0BFD527DF306E19547DCD1E3979C0CC1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="33253F44DEFF6DF18436408FA1AA1EC8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="766C2AC223CED2ACDA7C652277F617F4">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7B5974A6E77FEAEAC3405D58D87EA0F6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BF8A972D1714433EC6E5FC1C2C18FD6D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="363499E941E22F9C38F03A6879E3B4DD">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3DB21B5EFAB0F4AED48CB3F12973DAC7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="4ADCEB45618176E5B0E9DEAF590F4DB8">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="9AFB27124FFA408DF6942346DA859779">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="540BB8A1F0A89DEA0EE38D1FFA50A126">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:classification id="E3FE4A28EC65D8C24A1AE6D830A24815">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4C771BF5BACD00FF1AE128013C19E83F" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8A298C6FB6227E86278A84AE47705327" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFD29B7762177FF6FF4EFB8C" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" box="[572,797,703,729]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" blockId="59.[121,1250,703,791]" box="[572,797,703,729]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D0E9818CFFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[572,797,703,729]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[572,797,703,729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062177FF6FCBAFD62" bold="true" box="[572,797,703,729]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">LEPTOGRAMMA</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060527FAEFDE1FD46" box="[121,582,743,765]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060527FAEFDE1FD46" blockId="59.[121,1250,703,791]" box="[121,582,743,765]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFD29B7060527FAEFDE5FD46" author="J. Sm., J. Bot." box="[121,578,743,765]" journal="J. Bot. (Hooker)" page="51" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" score="0.043924301147777345" volume="4" year="1842">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527FAEFE7CFD46" ID-CoL="8RG6T" authority="J. Sm., J. Bot." authorityName="J. Sm., J. Bot." box="[121,475,743,765]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527FAEFEAFFD47" bold="true" box="[121,264,743,764]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis>
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||
J. Sm., J. Bot. (Hooker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
4:51.1842
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B70626E7FA2FCC1FCAE" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B70626E7FA2FCC1FCAE" blockId="59.[121,1250,703,791]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
|
||
—
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||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD29B7062737FA2FD05FD40" box="[600,674,747,763]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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(designated by Christensen,Ind.Fil.xxi.1905):
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064207FA2FF42FCAC" ID-CoL="8RBLB" authority="(Schltdl.) J. Sm." authorityName="J. Sm." baseAuthorityName="Schltdl." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="totta">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064207FA2FB3FFD40" box="[1035,1176,747,763]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma totta</emphasis>
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(Schltdl.) J. Sm.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060D17E4CFE77FCAE" ID-CoL="8R9ZS" authority="Schltdl." authorityName="Schltdl." box="[250,464,773,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Gymnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="totta">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060D17E4CFE34FCAE" box="[250,403,773,789]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Gymnogramma totta</emphasis>
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||
Schltdl.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
]—
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7061CC7E4CFCC1FCAE" authority="(J. Sm.) C. V. Morton" box="[487,870,773,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Leptogramma">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061CC7E4CFD9DFCAD" box="[487,570,773,790]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Thelypteris</emphasis>
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||
sect.
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70624F7E4CFD6BFCAE" box="[612,716,773,789]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis>
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||
(J.Sm.) C.V.Morton
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060B27E63FD93FCEC" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060B27E63FE3CFC87" blockId="59.[153,564,810,855]" box="[153,411,810,828]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060B27E63FEA4FC80" box="[153,259,810,827]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Craspedosorus</emphasis>
|
||
Ching &
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD29B7061667E62FEC7FC80" box="[333,352,811,827]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
|
||
.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFD29B7061487E62FED2FC80" box="[355,373,811,827]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
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||
. Chu
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060B27E0CFD93FCEC" blockId="59.[153,564,810,855]" box="[153,564,837,855]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
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For additional generic synonymy, see
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B70619F7E0CFD97FCEC" author="Kuo" box="[436,560,837,855]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060527E25FBD8FC39" box="[121,1151,876,898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060527E25FBD8FC39" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" box="[121,1151,876,898]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527E25FF5FFC3A" box="[121,248,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Etymology.—</emphasis>
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||
Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061307E25FEE0FC3A" box="[283,327,876,897]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">lepto</emphasis>
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||
, slender +
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061877E24FE51FC39" box="[428,502,877,898]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">gramme</emphasis>
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||
, line, in reference to the linear sori on the veins (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7063E87E24FBD4FC39" author="Stewart" box="[963,1139,876,898]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060837EC4FF69FA79" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060837EC4FF69FA79" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
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||
Plants terrestrial or epipetric, of tropical and subtropical forest understories, streamsides and rocky banks, mostly small (
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||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD29B7060907EE4FEB8FC79" box="[187,287,941,962]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="10.0">10–50 cm</quantity>
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);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70611B7EE4FE28FC79" bold="true" box="[304,399,941,962]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">rhizomes</emphasis>
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short-creeping to erect, with ovate to lanceolate setose scales;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063D87EE4FB91FC79" bold="true" box="[1011,1078,941,962]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">fronds</emphasis>
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monomorphic to weakly dimorphic, erect to arching, pinnate to pinnate-pinnatisect;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063287E84FC99FC59" bold="true" box="[771,830,973,994]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">stipes</emphasis>
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stramineous to dull brown, terete (may not be visible upon drying), with long and/or short unicellular or multicellular hyaline acicular hairs;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064357EA4FB36FBBA" bold="true" box="[1054,1169,1004,1026]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">stipe scales</emphasis>
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ovate to lanceolate, castaneous, brown or pale, typically setose on margins and surfaces;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063437945FC0DFB9A" bold="true" box="[872,938,1036,1057]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">blades</emphasis>
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membranaceous to chartaceous, drying green, olivaceous or dark brown, hastate, ovate to lanceolate, apex gradually reduced, never pinna-like, blades often widest at or near the base, never with many pairs of gradually reduced proximal pinnae; proliferous buds absent;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527924FF18FB39" bold="true" box="[121,191,1133,1154]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">pinnae</emphasis>
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typically shallowly to deeply lobed, sometimes entire (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062E47924FCFCFB3A" box="[719,859,1132,1154]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyrtomioides">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062E47924FCFCFB3A" box="[719,859,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. cyrtomioides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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) to pinnatisect (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7063D77924FBFDFB39" box="[1020,1114,1133,1154]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063D77924FBFDFB39" box="[1020,1114,1133,1154]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. sinensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), pinna-bases adnate (especially distally) to short-petiolulate proximally, rounded or truncate, sometimes asymmetrical, but not strongly auricled;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70610F79E4FEFEFB79" bold="true" box="[292,345,1197,1218]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">veins</emphasis>
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||
free, mostly simple to sometimes forking, or, if anastomosing (in sect.
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7063DD79E5FBDEFB7A" box="[1014,1145,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Haplogramma</emphasis>
|
||
), then two pairs or fewer meeting below the sinus at an acute angle; veins reaching laminar margins, or terminating before (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064E57984FF62FABA" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tottoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064E57984FF62FABA" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. tottoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060F279A5FEEDFABA" bold="true" box="[217,330,1260,1281]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">aerophores</emphasis>
|
||
inconspicuous or absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70626379A4FC04FAB9" bold="true" box="[584,931,1260,1282]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">indument abaxially and adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
of stipes, rachises, costae, veins, and laminar tissue between veins with long and/or short hyaline acicular hairs, these unicellular (sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70646B7844FB18FA99" box="[1088,1215,1293,1314]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70646B7844FB18FA99" box="[1088,1215,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or multicellular (sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70611B7865FE14FAFA" box="[304,435,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Haplogramma</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061EE7865FDBBFAFA" bold="true" box="[453,540,1324,1345]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062437864FD37FAF9" bold="true" box="[616,656,1325,1346]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">sori</emphasis>
|
||
linear to slightly elongate along ultimate veins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFD29B70647F7864FB3EFAF9" box="[1108,1177,1325,1346]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[97,105,1752,1772]" captionTargetBox="[112,1215,163,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-8@24.[110,1215,160,1709]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG.4.A.Hoiokula sandwicensis,Aborn s.n. (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.B.Hoiokula pendens,Hobdy2664 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Leptogrammapilosa, Diaz 6621 (UC), abaxial pinna lobes. D. Stegnogramma aspidioides, Palmer 1035 (UC), abaxial pinna. E. Stegnogramma wilfordii, Boufford 20159 (VT), proximal portionof lamina,abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111054/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70647F7864FB3EFAF9" bold="true" box="[1108,1177,1325,1346]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4C</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); indusia absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060F47804FEE3FAD9" bold="true" box="[223,324,1357,1378]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
with setulose capsules;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70620C7805FDCEFADA" bold="true" box="[551,617,1356,1377]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">spores</emphasis>
|
||
echinate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7062E27804FC9DFAD9" author="Wood" box="[713,826,1357,1378]" firstAuthor="Wood" journalOrPublisher="J. Linn. Soc. Bot." pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="191 - 202" part="67" refId="ref115815" refString="WOOD, C. C. 1973. Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae. J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 67: 191 - 202." title="Spore variation in the Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1973">Wood 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7063697805FB8DFAD9" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[834,1066,1356,1378]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7064B87804FB7DFADA" box="[1171,1242,1356,1378]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7064B87804FB7DFADA" box="[1171,1242,1356,1378]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L.pozoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has broad wings similar to spores of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062257825FC9BFA39" authority="(Patel et al. 2019 a)" baseAuthorityName="Patel" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[526,828,1388,1410]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062257825FD2AFA3A" box="[526,653,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Cyclogramma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7062BC7824FC91FA39" author="Patel" box="[663,822,1388,1410]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70643F7825FBC7FA3A" box="[1044,1120,1388,1409]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70643F7825FBC7FA3A" box="[1044,1120,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L.pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the echinae anastomose into loops (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B70618E78C4FD2FFA19" author="Watkins & Farrar" box="[421,648,1420,1442]" firstAuthor="Watkins" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="183 - 201" part="57" refId="ref115739" refString="WATKINS, J. E. & D. R. FARRAR. 2005. Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae). Brittonia 57: 183 - 201." title="Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Watkins & Farrar 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062BC78C5FD05FA1A" box="[663,674,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 36, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known, eight species counted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7060827885FC45F9F9" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060827885FC45F9F9" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060827885FE06FA5A" box="[169,417,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Diagnosis.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70610A7885FE06FA5A" box="[289,417,1484,1505]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptogramma</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may be recognized by the combination of elongate exindusiate sori, setulose sporangia, and long hyaline acicular hairs on the adaxial laminae between veins. It is distinguished from its sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527B45FEA5F99A" box="[121,258,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527B45FEA5F99A" box="[121,258,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by veins free, or if anastomosing, only one or two pairs united below the sinus between adjacent lateral veins (vs. usually three or more), and by the presence of long multicellular hairs on rachises.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD29B7760827B05FE5BFEEC" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD29B7060827B05FE34F899" blockId="59.[121,1251,876,1826]" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060827B05FE3DF9DA" box="[169,410,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
—The 29 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70627E7B05FD72F9DA" box="[597,725,1612,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70627E7B05FD72F9DA" box="[597,725,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are most diverse in the Himalayan region, with numerous endemics in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B70615D7B24FE13F939" box="[374,436,1645,1666]" name="China" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occurring from lower elevations up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFD29B7063067B24FCDFF93A" box="[813,888,1644,1666]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</quantity>
|
||
. Within Asia, species extend north to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7060527BC5FF16F91A" box="[121,177,1676,1697]" name="Japan" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, west and south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7061497BC4FE67F919" box="[354,448,1677,1698]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and into eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B70624E7BC4FD16F919" box="[613,689,1677,1698]" name="Malaysia" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7063177BC4FC0CF919" box="[828,939,1677,1698]" name="Philippines" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Java, and Sulawesi.One species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7060527BE5FF1CF97A" box="[121,187,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Gymnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="totta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7060527BE5FF1CF97A" box="[121,187,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. totta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is native to South and East Africa, another,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B70624E7BE5FD09F97A" box="[613,686,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B70624E7BE5FD09F97A" box="[613,686,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. pozoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to southern Europe and North Africa; two are endemic to North America—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7061097B85FED7F95A" box="[290,368,1740,1761]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7061097B85FED7F95A" box="[290,368,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">L. pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7061A57B84FE71F959" box="[398,470,1741,1762]" name="Mexico" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Central America, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD29B7062F37B85FCC5F95A" box="[728,866,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD29B7062F37B85FCF9F95A" box="[728,862,1740,1761]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="burksiorum">L. burksiorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFD29B7063AB7B84FC7FF959" box="[896,984,1741,1762]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD29B7064B47B84FF16F8B9" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="49">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD29B7060977BA4FE05F8B9" author="Watkins & Farrar" box="[188,418,1772,1794]" firstAuthor="Watkins" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="59" pageNumber="49" pagination="183 - 201" part="57" refId="ref115739" refString="WATKINS, J. E. & D. R. FARRAR. 2005. Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae). Brittonia 57: 183 - 201." title="Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Watkins & Farrar 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They occur in shady forest understories and disturbed forest edges, or on rocky banks or cliffs, especially limestone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760BB7DEBFE5BFEEC" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">
|
||
This genus is unusual among tropical genera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762517DEBFCB8FF0C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[634,799,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for having such a broad amphioceanic tropical or subtropical distribution coupled with many local endemics. Other comparable groups include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77643E7D88FBC8FF6D" box="[1045,1135,193,214]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77643E7D88FBC8FF6D" box="[1045,1135,193,214]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is predominantly continental Asian with two native species in the Neotropics, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763707DA8FC76FF4D" box="[859,977,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763707DA8FC76FF4D" box="[859,977,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is most diverse in the Andes and Central America but has secondarily dispersed to Africa and several Pacific and Atlantic islands. Two genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760817C68FEAAFE8D" box="[170,269,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760817C68FEAAFE8D" box="[170,269,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761127C68FE1AFE8D" box="[313,445,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761127C68FE1AFE8D" box="[313,445,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Strophocaulon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have diversified little, but are widely distributed in lowland tropics. Essentially all other genera are more regionally restricted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFD59B7760BA7C2BFF4EFB8C" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760BA7C2BFCC3FDCC" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760BA7C2BFE4CFECD" box="[145,491,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis>
|
||
—John Smith’s (1842) original concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763A77C2BFBA9FECC" box="[908,1038,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763A77C2BFBA9FECC" box="[908,1038,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included a diverse group of ferns with linear sori, including species now recognized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77632D7CC8FC43FE2D" authority=", Athyrium" authorityName="Athyrium" box="[774,996,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77632D7CC8FCD9FE2D" box="[774,894,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763A07CC8FC43FE2D" box="[907,996,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Athyrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7764377CC8FB65FE2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1052,1218,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7764377CC8FB65FE2D" box="[1052,1218,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77604A7CEBFF7BFE0C" author="Ching" box="[97,220,418,439]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="237 - 352" part="6" refId="ref107458" refString="CHING, R. C. 1936. A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 237 - 352." title="A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions" type="journal article" year="1936">Ching (1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7760CE7CEBFEB2FE0C" author="Ching" box="[229,277,418,439]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) united most of the species we recognize today in his concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763A67CEBFBAAFE0C" box="[909,1037,418,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763A67CEBFBAAFE0C" box="[909,1037,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was treated within a broadly defined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77617C7C8BFE46FE6C" box="[343,481,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77617C7C8BFE46FE6C" box="[343,481,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77622E7C8BFD03FE6C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[517,676,450,471]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 10" part="31" refId="ref110356" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 a. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 10." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Iwatsuki (1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7762857C8BFD4BFE6C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[686,748,450,471]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 40" part="31" refId="ref110412" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 b. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 40." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">1964b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Flora of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD59B7763517C8BFC11FE6C" box="[890,950,450,471]" name="China" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7763E87C8BFBF6FE6C" author="Lin" box="[963,1105,450,471]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) recognized Ching’s genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760DC7CABFE26FE4C" box="[247,385,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760DC7CABFE26FE4C" box="[247,385,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761A67CABFDAAFE4C" box="[397,525,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761A67CABFDAAFE4C" box="[397,525,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77626E7CA8FD0CFE4D" box="[581,683,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Dictyocline</emphasis>
|
||
, plus the monotypic
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763577CA8FBA4FE4D" box="[892,1027,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Craspedosorus</emphasis>
|
||
, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7764607CABFB6DFE4C" author="PPG I" box="[1099,1226,482,503]" firstAuthor="PPG I" journalOrPublisher="J. Syst. Evol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="563 - 603" part="54" refId="ref112966" refString="PPG I. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563 - 603." title="A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">PPG I (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
adopted a broad concept of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77615E7F4BFDAEFDAC" box="[373,521,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77615E7F4BFDA2FDAC" box="[373,517,514,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
including all of these genera. With the recent publication of a densely sampled phylogeny—the first to include the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFD59B7762267F6BFD9FFD8C" box="[525,568,546,567]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77627E7F6BFD50FD8C" box="[597,759,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77627E7F6BFD79FD8C" box="[597,734,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7762DC7F6BFC32FD8C" author="Kuo" box="[759,917,546,567]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
chose to recognize a two-genus system, although either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77616C7F0BFE60FDEC" box="[327,455,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77616C7F0BFE60FDEC" box="[327,455,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD59B7761E67F0BFE4EFDEC" box="[461,489,578,599]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761E67F0BFE45FDEC" box="[461,482,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762377F0BFD02FDEC" box="[540,677,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762377F0BFD02FDEC" box="[540,677,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD59B7762807F0BFD60FDEC" box="[683,711,578,599]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762807F0BFD66FDEC" box="[683,705,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762CC7F0BFCD7FDEC" box="[743,880,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762CC7F0BFCD7FDEC" box="[743,880,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFD59B77635D7F08FC28FDEC" box="[886,911,577,599]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77635D7F08FC2DFDED" box="[886,906,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is monophyletic. We adopt their classification here. For additional discussion, see our treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762FE7F2BFCF9FDCC" box="[725,862,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762FE7F2BFCF9FDCC" box="[725,862,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760BA7FCBFD8EFCCC" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7760BA7FCBFEB6FD2C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[145,273,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760BA7FCBFEB6FD2C" box="[145,273,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be divided into two sections, sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7762517FCBFD5DFD2C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[634,762,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7762517FCBFD5DFD2C" box="[634,762,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77637E7FC8FC7EFD2D" box="[853,985,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Haplogramma</emphasis>
|
||
, which are recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77604A7FEBFEA0FD0C" author="Kuo" box="[97,263,674,695]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and correspond closely to the infrageneric classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763767FE8FC4DFD0D" ID-CoL="7M6H" box="[861,1002,673,694]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763767FE8FC4DFD0D" box="[861,1002,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7764587FEBFF02FD6C" author="Iwatsuki" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 10" part="31" refId="ref110356" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 a. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 10." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. II. Circumscription of the group. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Iwatsuki (1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7760847F8BFF4BFD6C" author="Iwatsuki" box="[175,236,706,727]" firstAuthor="Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher="Biol." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 40" part="31" refId="ref110412" refString="IWATSUKI, K. 1964 b. Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 1 - 40." title="Taxonomy of the thelypteroid ferns, with special reference to the species of Japan and adjacent regions. III. Classification. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">1964b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761757F8BFE3DFD6C" ID-CoL="6KQKL" box="[350,410,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minor">minor</taxonomicName>
|
||
revisions. Section
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77627B7F88FD73FD6D" box="[592,724,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Haplogramma</emphasis>
|
||
is strictly Asian, and is recognized by septate hairs along the stipes, whereas sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761557FABFE59FD4C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[382,510,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761557FABFE59FD4C" box="[382,510,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wider distribution (including Europe, Africa,and North America) and unicellular (vs. septate) hairs on stipes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7761F57E4BFDD6FCAC" author="Kuo" box="[478,625,770,791]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species within this section tend to be smaller, with more deeply lobed pinnae, and with exclusively free veins. Most necessary combinations in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763B97E6BFBB5FC8C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[914,1042,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763B97E6BFBB5FC8C" box="[914,1042,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7764147E68FB6FFC8D" ID-CoL="7M6H" box="[1087,1224,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7764147E68FB6FFC8D" box="[1087,1224,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Stegnogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7761377E0BFE1DFCEC" author="Kuo" box="[284,442,834,855]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and we adopt their taxonomic concept here, including the inclusion of the monotypic genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7760F97E28FEFEFCCD" box="[210,345,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Craspedosorus</emphasis>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7761887E2BFD84FCCC" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[419,547,866,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7761887E2BFD84FCCC" box="[419,547,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFD59B7760A47ECBFF4EFB8C" blockId="60.[97,1226,162,1079]" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Historically, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77614E7ECBFDBDFC2C" ID-CoL="8RBL5" box="[357,538,898,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pozoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77614E7ECBFDBDFC2C" box="[357,538,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma pozoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been broadly applied to plants of both Europe and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFD59B7764357ECBFBD0FC2C" box="[1054,1143,898,919]" name="China" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">East Asia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but that taxon is now recognized as restricted to southern Europe and northern Africa, with Asian plants now treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B77649D7EEBFECFFC6C" ID-CoL="8RBKZ" authority="(Kuo et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Kuo" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B77649D7EEBFF63FC6D" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">L. mollissima</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7760E47E8BFEC5FC6C" author="Kuo" box="[207,354,962,983]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kuo" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics doi. org" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" refId="ref110871" refString="KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title="A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type="book" year="2019">Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, considerable complexity in geographic, morphological, and ecological variation has been demonstrated within these taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B7761D17EABFD01FC4C" author="Yatabe" box="[506,678,994,1015]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Yatabe" journalOrPublisher="J. Pl. Res." pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="557 - 564" part="111" refId="ref115987" refString="YATABE, Y., M. TAKAMIYA, & N. MURAKAMI. 1998. Variation in the rbcL sequence of Stegnogramma pozoi subsp. mollissima (Thelypteridaceae) in Japan. J. Pl. Res. 111: 557 - 564." title="Variation in the rbcL sequence of Stegnogramma pozoi subsp. mollissima (Thelypteridaceae) in Japan" type="journal article" year="1998">Yatabe et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as well as within the neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFD59B7763DE7EABFBD2FC4C" ID-CoL="8RG6T" box="[1013,1141,994,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFD59B7763DE7EABFBD2FC4C" box="[1013,1141,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="50">Leptogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineages (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFD59B77604C794BFEF2FBAC" author="Watkins & Farrar" box="[103,341,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Watkins" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="60" pageNumber="50" pagination="183 - 201" part="57" refId="ref115739" refString="WATKINS, J. E. & D. R. FARRAR. 2005. Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae). Brittonia 57: 183 - 201." title="Origin and taxonomic affinities of Thelypteris (subgen. Stegnogramma) burksiorum (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Watkins & Farrar 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further detailed study of these groups may uncover unrecognized diversity deserving of species status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |