treatments-xml/data/03/B7/87/03B787F6FFA79B1B623A7DEAFDB6F9AC.xml

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<mods:title id="274CDD98051BE664F29075380743FE3E">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F2E4C86523825A11536B4BC55F70DE5">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFA79B1B623A7DEAFDB6F9AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA79B1B623A7DEAFDB6F9AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA79B1B623A7DEAFDB6F9AC" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B05623A7DEAFCBEFF06" blockId="78.[97,1210,163,224]" box="[529,793,163,189]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="D0E9818CFFA79B05623A7DEAFCBEFF06" box="[529,793,163,189]" level="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05623A7DEAFCBEFF06" ID-CoL="63NJM" authority="Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" box="[529,793,163,189]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">PNEUMATOPTERIS</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B05604A7D82FD21FF5B" box="[97,646,203,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B05604A7D82FD21FF5B" blockId="78.[97,1210,163,224]" box="[97,646,203,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0E11CEFFA79B05604A7D82FD21FF5B" box="[97,646,203,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA79B05604A7D82FD25FF5B" author="Pneumatopteris Nakai" box="[97,642,203,224]" journal="Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)" page="179" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" score="70.64716588107409" volume="47" year="1933">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05604A7D82FEE6FF5B" ID-CoL="63NJM" authority="Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" box="[97,321,203,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7D82FEA4FF5B" bold="true" box="[97,259,203,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
Nakai
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFFA79B0561757D82FD25FF5B" box="[350,642,203,224]" journal="Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)" page="179" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" score="70.64716588107409" volume="47" year="1933">
Bot. Mag. (
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFA79B0561E87D82FDA5FF5B" box="[451,514,203,224]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
) 47:179. 1933
</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0562AE7D87FB1DFF5B" box="[645,1210,206,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0562AE7D87FB1DFF5B" blockId="78.[97,1210,163,224]" box="[645,1210,206,224]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
— 
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B0562BC7D87FD10FF65" box="[663,695,206,222]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">TYPE</collectionCode>
</typeStatus>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562947D86FC79FF5B" ID-CoL="4KKSC" authority="(Blume) Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[703,990,206,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562947D86FCCCFF64" box="[703,875,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris callosa</emphasis>
(Blume) Nakai
</taxonomicName>
[= 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563DE7D87FB11FF5B" ID-CoL="684XN" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[1013,1206,206,224]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosum">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563DE7D87FB27FF64" box="[1013,1152,206,223]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Aspidium callosum</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560AA7DBDFDE0FEBE" box="[129,583,244,261]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560AA7DBDFDE0FEBE" blockId="78.[129,583,244,261]" box="[129,583,244,261]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
For additional synonymy, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05614A7DBDFE7DFEBE" author="Holttum" box="[353,474,244,261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1973a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0561CB7DBDFDB6FEBE" author="Holttum" box="[480,529,244,261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05623C7DBDFD99FEBE" author="Holttum" box="[535,574,244,261]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B05604A7C53FBF8FEEB" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B05604A7C53FBF8FEEB" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7C53FF47FE94" box="[97,224,282,303]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Etymology.—</emphasis>
Gr. 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561287C52FEEAFE8B" box="[259,333,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pneuma</emphasis>
, air, breath + 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561E77C52FDA7FE8B" box="[460,512,283,304]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pteris</emphasis>
, fern. The peg-like pneumatophores (aerophores) extending from the stipe, and the bases of the pinnae (and sometimes the bases of the costules) are diagnostic for this genus (
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0564207C72FBF6FEEB" box="[1035,1105,315,336]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111046/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0564207C72FBF6FEEB" bold="true" box="[1035,1105,315,336]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560BB7C12FCC1FBAB" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560BB7C12FCC1FBAB" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
Plants terrestrial, large (to 
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tall), often along streams; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562987C12FCB6FECB" bold="true" box="[691,785,347,368]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">rhizomes</emphasis>
thick (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA79B05634D7C12FC36FECB" box="[870,913,347,368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
), creeping, or forming erect caudices with fronds densely clustered; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561E07C32FDA8FE2B" bold="true" box="[459,527,379,400]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">fronds</emphasis>
monomorphic, pinnate-pinnatifid, arching; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563ED7C32FBA4FE2B" bold="true" box="[966,1027,379,400]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">stipes</emphasis>
stramineous, scales brown, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, or often with hairs along margins; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563A27CD3FC6CFE14" bold="true" box="[905,971,410,431]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">blades</emphasis>
generally coarse in texture (chartaceous to subcoriaceous), often bicolorous, drying darker green adaxially; lamina apex gradually reduced or with subconform terminal pinna, proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to minute vestigial pinnae, with a fringe of laminar tissue surrounding aerophores (
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA79B0561577CB2FE68FDAB" box="[380,463,507,528]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
); 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561CB7CB2FD81FDAB" bold="true" box="[480,550,507,528]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pinnae</emphasis>
sessile, with truncate bases, shallowly lobed (generally &lt;
<superScript id="7C6B9BA8FFA79B05647B7CB2FBF0FDBC" attach="right" box="[1104,1111,507,519]" fontSize="5" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">1</superScript>
⁄ 
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to costae), with pronounced cartilaginous sinus membranes that are grooved adaxially (
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0563177F52FCD8FD8B" box="[828,895,539,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111097/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563177F52FCD8FD8B" bold="true" box="[828,895,539,560]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig.7A</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) and project out of the plane of the blade abaxially, segment tips generally acute; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05623E7F72FDEDFDEB" bold="true" box="[533,586,571,592]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">veins</emphasis>
prominent above and below, often paler than lamina, with at least one pair anastomosing below each sinus, forming an excurrent vein to sinus, with more distal veins running to both sides of an elongate sinus membrane, veins closely spaced, (7–)11–12(–15) pairs per segment; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563CD7F33FBF0FD34" bold="true" box="[998,1111,634,655]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">aerophores</emphasis>
prominent, peg-like (
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0560977FD2FEA4FD0B" box="[188,259,667,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111046/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560977FD2FEA4FD0B" bold="true" box="[188,259,667,688]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
), projecting through mucilage during early frond development, along stipes, and at pinna bases, frequently also with peg-like or swollen aerophores at the bases of costae; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05633A7FF2FC7FFD6B" bold="true" box="[785,984,699,720]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">indument abaxially</emphasis>
essentially lacking, or of generally short hyaline acicular hairs on veins and/or between veins; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563237F92FC74FD4B" bold="true" box="[776,979,731,752]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">indument adaxially</emphasis>
essentially lacking, or of abundant short hairs on and between veins (these sometimes glandular, or capitate, e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563817FB2FC5FFCB4" box="[938,1016,762,784]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563817FB2FC5FFCB4" box="[938,1016,762,784]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P.glabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and long, antrorsely arching or curling reddish or brownish hairs in the adaxial grooves of the rachis and costae (hairs absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0564437E52FB1CFC94" box="[1128,1211,794,816]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0564437E52FB1CFC94" box="[1128,1211,794,816]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P.callosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7E73FF1FFCF4" bold="true" box="[97,184,826,847]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">pustules</emphasis>
lacking, or present on lamina adaxially and abaxially (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562D17E72FCF5FCF4" box="[762,850,826,848]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stokesii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562D17E72FCF5FCF4" box="[762,850,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. stokesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05634C7E72FC28FCEB" bold="true" box="[871,911,827,848]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">sori</emphasis>
round, medial to inframarginal, exindusiate, sometimes with receptacular hairs (
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562187E12FD13FCD4" box="[563,692,858,880]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulifera">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562187E12FD13FCD4" box="[563,692,858,880]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. glandulifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or with a small indusia that may be glabrous or setose (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0560BF7E32FEABFC2B" box="[148,268,891,912]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mesocarpa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BF7E32FEABFC2B" box="[148,268,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. mesocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), often shriveling or caducous upon maturation of sporangia; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563437E32FC6AFC2B" bold="true" box="[872,973,891,912]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">sporangia</emphasis>
glabrous, setulose (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0564937E32FF06FC14" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parksii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0564937E32FF06FC14" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. parksii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or glandular (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05614F7ED2FE12FC14" box="[356,437,922,944]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05614F7ED2FE12FC14" box="[356,437,922,944]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. glabra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), glands always colorless, setae acicular or capitate, unicellular or multicellular; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7EF3FF04FC74" bold="true" box="[97,163,954,975]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">spores</emphasis>
yellow to light brown; likely 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05619D7EF2FE76FC6B" box="[438,465,955,976]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">x =</emphasis>
36, as is the case with all its close relatives, but no counts published. No hybrids have been formally documented, but certain specimens with malformed spores (e.g., 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563BC7E92FBA1FC54" box="[919,1030,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fawcett 638</emphasis>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05643A7E92FB93FC4B" box="[1041,1076,987,1008]" name="Fiji" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Viti</collectingCountry>
Levu, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05645C7E92FB3EFC4B" box="[1143,1177,987,1008]" name="Fiji" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fiji</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B0564897E92FB62FC4B" box="[1186,1221,987,1008]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">UC</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B05604A7EB2FF26FBAB" box="[97,129,1019,1040]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15545" name="University of Vermont" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="Herbarium">VT</collectionCode>
; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560A37EB2FF45FBAB" box="[136,226,1019,1040]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Game s.n.</emphasis>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA79B0560C07EB2FEACFBAB" box="[235,267,1019,1040]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">UC</collectionCode>
1544285, Rarotonga, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B0561F07EB2FDFDFBAB" box="[475,602,1019,1040]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
) represent possible hybrids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560BA7952FBE4FA6B" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560BA7952FBE4FA6B" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BA7952FE3CFB8B" box="[145,411,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
Diagnosis.— 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561227952FE3CFB8B" box="[265,411,1051,1072]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B0561897952FE19FB8B" box="[418,446,1051,1072]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561897952FE1FFB8B" box="[418,440,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished from most other christelloids by having prominent aerophores along the stipe, at the bases of pinnae (
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA79B0561E57972FDB3FBEB" box="[462,532,1083,1104]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111046/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561E57972FDB3FBEB" bold="true" box="[462,532,1083,1104]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fig. 2C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
), and at the bases of costae; pinnae abruptly reduced to vestiges subtending aerophores (not more than a few mm in length); fronds producing mucilage during early development; and veins closely spaced (ca. 12 per segment). The pinna segments of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562B87932FC83FB2B" box="[659,804,1147,1168]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562B87932FC83FB2B" box="[659,804,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B0563037932FCE3FB2B" box="[808,836,1147,1168]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563037932FC99FB2B" box="[808,830,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
typically have about 11 veins per cm (vs. typically about 7 veins per cm in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05618979D3FDB6FB14" box="[418,529,1178,1199]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05618979D3FDB6FB14" box="[418,529,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); laminae often strongly bicolorous, drying dark above and paler below; and prominent elongate sinus membranes concave adaxially and convex abaxially. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05635679F3FB86FB74" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[893,1057,1210,1231]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05635679F3FB86FB74" box="[893,1057,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by having laminae sometimes gradually or subabruptly reduced, and having yellow spherical glands (glands in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05641C7992FB6FFB4B" box="[1079,1224,1243,1264]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05641C7992FB6FFB4B" box="[1079,1224,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colorless, and usually capitate when present), and lacking mucilage on developing fronds. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563E579B3FB99FAB4" box="[974,1086,1274,1295]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563E579B3FB99FAB4" box="[974,1086,1274,1295]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs in having laminae sometimes gradually or subabruptly reduced, pinnae often lobed more deeply (&gt; halfway to costae), and segment apices usually truncate or obtuse rather than broadly acute in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05630F7872FC1FFAEB" box="[804,952,1339,1360]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05630F7872FC1FFAEB" box="[804,952,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B0563947872FC7CFAEB" box="[959,987,1339,1360]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563947872FC71FAEB" box="[959,982,1339,1360]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563C97873FBCEFAF4" box="[994,1129,1338,1359]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563C97873FBCEFAF4" box="[994,1129,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Strophocaulon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having long-creeping rhizomes (vs. erect or short-creeping with stipe bases closely clustered). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563FE7813FB8EFAD4" box="[981,1065,1370,1391]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0563FE7813FB8EFAD4" box="[981,1065,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Hoiokula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having a zig-zag excurrent vein, densely setulose sporangia (rare in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0562877832FC9AFA2B" box="[684,829,1403,1424]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0562877832FC9AFA2B" box="[684,829,1403,1424]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B05636F7832FCFAFA2B" box="[836,861,1403,1424]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05636F7832FCFEFA2B" box="[836,857,1403,1424]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
), and hairs between veins on adaxial laminae. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05609378D3FF55FA14" box="[184,242,1434,1455]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05609378D3FF55FA14" box="[184,242,1434,1455]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pakau</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having scales present on the abaxial costae, opposite or subopposite pinnae (vs. alternate), and lack of aerophores. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05613378F3FED5FA74" box="[280,370,1466,1487]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05613378F3FED5FA74" box="[280,370,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Christella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA79B05615C78F2FE34FA6B" box="[375,403,1467,1488]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05615C78F2FE2AFA6B" box="[375,397,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs in generally having hairier laminae, on veins, and between veins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0560BA7893FD22F9CB" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0560BA7893FD22F9CB" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BA7893FED8FA54" box="[145,383,1498,1519]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis>
.—This relatively small clade, comprising just 11 species as defined here, is well represented in the Pacific, in Melanesia and Polynesia, with species occurring in the 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05634878B2FBA2F9AB" box="[867,1029,1531,1552]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05642478B2FB3DF9AB" box="[1039,1178,1531,1552]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">New Hebrides</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05648878B2FB61F9AB" box="[1187,1222,1531,1552]" name="Fiji" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Fiji</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B05604A7B52FF04F98B" box="[97,163,1563,1584]" name="Samoa" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Samoa</collectingCountry>
, Rarotonga, the Society Islands, and Rapa (but not in Hawaii). Several other species are Malesian, including the 
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA79B05604A7B72FF29F9EB" box="[97,142,1595,1616]" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0560B37B72FF4AF9F4" box="[152,237,1594,1616]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560B37B72FF4AF9F4" box="[152,237,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">P. callosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from Java. Species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561EC7B72FDFFF9EB" box="[455,600,1595,1616]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561EC7B72FDFFF9EB" box="[455,600,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur primarily at low to middle elevations (
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA79B0564247B72FBD3F9EB" box="[1039,1140,1595,1616]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="2400.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2400 m</quantity>
) and are frequent along rocky rivers and streams (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0561CE7B12FDDDF9CB" author="Holttum" box="[485,634,1627,1648]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA79B0460BA7B32FBC1FD6C" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA79B0460BA7B32FED2FE8C" blockId="78.[97,1228,282,1808]" lastBlockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0560BA7B32FE78F934" box="[145,479,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis>
.— 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561D57B32FD37F92B" box="[510,656,1659,1680]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B0561D57B32FD37F92B" box="[510,656,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as recognized by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05636C7B32FC43F92B" author="Holttum" box="[839,996,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1973a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0563C57B32FB8EF92B" author="Holttum" box="[1006,1065,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">1974a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0564187B32FBD7F92B" author="Holttum" box="[1075,1136,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0564507B32FB0AF92B" author="Holttum" box="[1147,1197,1659,1680]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05649D7B32FB6FF92B" box="[1206,1224,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B05604A7BD2FE0AF90B" author="Hovenkamp &amp; De Joncheere" box="[97,429,1691,1712]" firstAuthor="Hovenkamp" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="395 - 409" part="33" refId="ref110204" refString="HOVENKAMP, P. H. &amp; G. J. DE JONCHEERE. 1988. Additions to the fern flora of Sulawesi. Blumea 33: 395 - 409." title="Additions to the fern flora of Sulawesi" type="journal article" year="1988">Hovenkamp &amp; De Joncheere 1988</bibRefCitation>
), with only two additional species described since then (by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0563C07BD2FBC1F90B" author="Palmer" box="[1003,1126,1691,1712]" firstAuthor="Palmer" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="80 - 83" part="95" refId="ref112655" refString="PALMER, D. D. 2005. Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii. Amer. Fern J. 95: 80 - 83." title="Pneumatopteris pendens (Thelypteridaceae), a new Hawaii endemic species of Pneumatopteris from Hawaii" type="journal article" year="2005">Palmer 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA79B0564447BD2FF30F96B" author="Takeuchi" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" pagination="153 - 158" part="52" refId="ref115124" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2007. Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species. Blumea 52: 153 - 158." title="Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species" type="journal article" year="2007">Takeuchi 2007</bibRefCitation>
), included about 90 species extending from Africa to 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA79B0562E87BF2FCE9F96B" box="[707,846,1723,1744]" name="New Zealand" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. In molecular phylogenetic analyses, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B05604A7B92FE20F94B" authority="sensu Holttum" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[97,391,1755,1776]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA79B05604A7B92FF55F94B" box="[97,242,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="68">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
sensu Holttum
</taxonomicName>
is by far the most heterogeneous and polyphyletic taxon in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0563C77B92FB34F94B" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1004,1171,1755,1776]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
, with representatives in ten 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA79B0561197BB2FECDF8AB" box="[306,362,1787,1808]" genus="The" pageId="78" pageNumber="68" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
clades (Fawcett et al. in press). Even so, Holttum was well aware of the diversity within his concept of the genus, recognizing most members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462747DEBFD57FF0C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[607,752,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462747DEBFD57FF0C" box="[607,752,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B0462DF7DEBFCB7FF0C" box="[756,784,162,183]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462DF7DEBFCAEFF0C" box="[756,777,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
as close relatives of one another, but also describing the unique morphology of four aberrant taxa we now place in four different genera, three of which are newly described. Other species we exclude from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04623B7DABFD06FF4C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[528,673,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04623B7DABFD06FF4C" box="[528,673,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are newly combined in several existing genera: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464457DA8FB7DFF4D" box="[1134,1242,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464457DA8FB7DFF4D" box="[1134,1242,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Abacopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527C4BFF7CFEAC" box="[121,219,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527C4BFF7CFEAC" box="[121,219,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Menisorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460CC7C48FEF8FEAD" box="[231,351,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460CC7C48FEF8FEAD" box="[231,351,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461B37C48FDE7FEAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[408,576,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461B37C48FDE7FEAD" box="[408,576,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or placed in one of three new genera, which see for details: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04648B7C48FB7CFEAD" box="[1184,1243,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04648B7C48FB7CFEAD" box="[1184,1243,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pakau</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527C68FF6AFE8D" box="[121,205,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527C68FF6AFE8D" box="[121,205,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Hoiokula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04612B7C68FED7FE8D" box="[256,368,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04612B7C68FED7FE8D" box="[256,368,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B04608C7C0BFEB9FDAC" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
The African species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461547C0BFD83FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[383,548,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
are under-collected and remain poorly represented in molecular analyses. However, recent work (Fawcett et al. in press) has illuminated many of the problems with the current taxonomy and highlights the need for further study. The four African species treated in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463097CCBFC14FE2C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[802,947,386,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463097CCBFC14FE2C" box="[802,947,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0463F87CCBFBD6FE2C" author="Holttum" box="[979,1137,386,407]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
included in the molecular analysis each resolved in a distinct clade, corresponding to different genera: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04642F7CEBFB62FE0D" box="[1028,1221,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04642F7CEBFB62FE0D" box="[1028,1221,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527C88FF40FE6D" box="[121,231,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527C88FF40FE6D" box="[121,231,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Abacopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460DF7C8BFE19FE6C" box="[244,446,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460DF7C8BFE19FE6C" box="[244,446,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris unita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04621F7C8BFCA3FE6D" box="[564,772,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pauciflorus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04621F7C8BFCA3FE6D" box="[564,772,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Menisorus pauciflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04633A7C8BFBBBFE6C" box="[785,1052,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04633A7C8BFBBBFE6C" box="[785,1052,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris remotipinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464157C88FB08FE6D" box="[1086,1199,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464157C88FB08FE6D" box="[1086,1199,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527CABFEDFFE4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[121,376,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527CABFEDFFE4D" box="[121,376,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461DE7CA8FD07FE4D" box="[501,672,481,502]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461DE7CA8FD07FE4D" box="[501,672,481,502]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Christella distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both of which resolve in a clade with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04641E7CABFB13FE4C" box="[1077,1204,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04641E7CABFB13FE4C" box="[1077,1204,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Trigonospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527F48FEBFFDAD" box="[121,280,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527F48FEBFFDAD" box="[121,280,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460837F6BFBC1FD6C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
The closest relative of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461507F6BFDABFD8C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[379,524,546,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461507F6BFDABFD8C" box="[379,524,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B04623A7F6BFD8AFD8C" box="[529,557,546,567]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04623A7F6BFD81FD8C" box="[529,550,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the monophyletic genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463047F68FC74FD8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[815,979,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463047F68FC74FD8D" box="[815,979,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, redefined slightly herein. 
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA69B0464FA7F6BFB46FD8C" box="[1233,1249,546,567]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
majority of the remaining species treated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462347F0BFD17FDEC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[543,688,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462347F0BFD17FDEC" box="[543,688,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0462F97F0BFCCAFDEC" author="Holttum" box="[722,877,578,599]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04635D7F0BFC01FDEC" author="Holttum" box="[886,934,578,599]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
) are in a clade sister to these two clades (herein named 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461607F28FE1CFDCD" box="[331,443,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461607F28FE1CFDCD" box="[331,443,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA69B0461EE7F2BFE5DFDCC" box="[453,506,610,631]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111042/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461EE7F2BFE5DFDCC" bold="true" box="[453,506,610,631]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Fig. 1</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). To preserve a monophyletic 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04633D7F2BFC01FDCC" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[790,934,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04633D7F2BFC01FDCC" box="[790,934,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04639A7F28FB86FDCD" box="[945,1057,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04639A7F28FB86FDCD" box="[945,1057,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be segregated. Alternatively, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04612F7FC8FE0AFD2D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[260,429,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04612F7FC8FE0AFD2D" box="[260,429,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the oldest name for the three groups) must be significantly expanded; this genus already includes nearly 200 species and is recognizable (albeit morphologically diverse). We prefer to recognize a smaller, well-defined 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04616E7F8BFE51FD6C" box="[325,502,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04616E7F8BFE71FD6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[325,470,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B0461F17F8BFE51FD6C" box="[474,502,706,727]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and segregate the sister clade to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463047F88FC74FD6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[815,979,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463047F88FC74FD6D" box="[815,979,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463DB7F88FBC7FD6D" box="[1008,1120,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463DB7F88FBC7FD6D" box="[1008,1120,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA69B0460817FA8FC82FCEC" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460817FA8FC82FCEC" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460817FA8FED9FD4C" box="[170,382,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Constituent species.—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461567FABFD5EFD4C" authority="(Blume) Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[381,761,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="callosa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461567FABFDFBFD4D" box="[381,604,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris callosa</emphasis>
(Blume) Nakai
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04632F7FABFBD3FD4C" authority="(Alderw.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alderw." box="[772,1140,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dicranogramma">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04632F7FABFC16FD4D" box="[772,945,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. dicranogramma</emphasis>
(Alderw.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464547FABFF68FCAC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464547FABFB46FD4D" box="[1151,1249,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. dilatata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460F27E4BFD4BFCAC" authority="(A. R. Sm. &amp; Lorence) A. R. Sm. &amp; Lorence" authorityName="A. R. Sm. &amp; Lorence" baseAuthorityName="A. R. Sm. &amp; Lorence" box="[217,748,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="florencei">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F27E4BFEE7FCAD" box="[217,320,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. florencei</emphasis>
(A.R. Sm. &amp; Lorence) A.R. Sm. &amp; Lorence
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462DD7E4BFC5CFCAC" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[758,1019,769,791]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462DD7E4BFCEEFCAD" box="[758,841,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. glabra</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04642E7E4BFF6CFC8C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulifera">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04642E7E4BFB2BFCAD" box="[1029,1164,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. glandulifera</emphasis>
(Brack.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA69B0460F27E6BFE86FC8C" box="[217,289,802,823]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111046/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F27E6BFE86FC8C" bold="true" box="[217,289,802,823]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Fig. 2C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04611E7E6BFDFAFC8C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[309,605,802,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mesocarpa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04611E7E6BFE08FC8C" box="[309,431,802,823]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. mesocarpa</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04624C7E6BFC26FC8C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[615,897,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obstructa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04624C7E6BFD74FC8D" box="[615,723,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. obstructa</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463A07E6BFB0AFC8C" authority="(F. Ballard) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="F. Ballard" box="[907,1197,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parksii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463A07E6BFC46FC8D" box="[907,993,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. parksii</emphasis>
(F. Ballard) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA69B0464977E6BFF35FCEC" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox="[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111097/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464977E6BFF35FCEC" bold="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Fig. 7A</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04608E7E0BFEF9FCEC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[165,350,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sibelana">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04608E7E0BFEA2FCED" box="[165,261,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. sibelana</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04614D7E0BFC82FCEC" authority="(E. D. Br. ex E. D. Br. &amp; F. Br.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="E. D. Br. &amp; F. Br." box="[358,805,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stokesii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04614D7E0BFE19FCED" box="[358,446,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. stokesii</emphasis>
(E.D. Br. ex E.D. Br. &amp; F. Br.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA69B1B60827E2BFDB6F9AC" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827E2BFC20FC0C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460827E2BFE9DFCCC" ID-CoL="63NJM" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[169,314,866,887]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827E2BFE9DFCCC" box="[169,314,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as treated by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0461EB7E2BFDFDFCCC" author="Holttum" box="[448,602,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1974a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0462487E2BFD07FCCC" author="Holttum" box="[611,672,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0462817E2BFD7DFCCC" author="Holttum" box="[682,730,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
) includes about 90 species, but as we circumscribe it, only 11 species remain, one of which is newly combined. We transfer most of the others to other genera. Several species are excluded from 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461027EEBFE7BFC0C" box="[297,476,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461027EEBFE1DFC0C" ID-CoL="63NJM" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[297,442,930,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Pneumatopteris</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA69B0461947EEBFE7BFC0C" box="[447,476,930,951]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
but remain unplaced, pending further study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827E88FEB1FB2C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827E88FDA7FC6D" box="[169,512,961,983]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
Species transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461447E88FE42FC6D" ID-CoL="6SM3" box="[367,485,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
These taxa generally have petiolulate, deeply incised pinnae with asymmetric bases, and are often free-veined, or with few pairs of anastomosing veins, features characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464377EA8FB36FC4D" ID-CoL="6SM3" box="[1052,1169,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464377EA8FB36FC4D" box="[1052,1169,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Several are small in stature and are epipetric calciphiles occurring in karst terrain (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04636C794BFC0BFBAC" author="Kato" box="[839,940,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Kato" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="13 - 27" part="33" refId="ref110592" refString="KATO, M. 2007. Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B, 33: 13 - 27." title="Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2007">Kato 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04639E794BFBE0FBAC" author="Takeuchi" box="[949,1095,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="153 - 158" part="52" refId="ref115124" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2007. Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species. Blumea 52: 153 - 158." title="Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species" type="journal article" year="2007">Takeuchi 2007</bibRefCitation>
). These include: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046052796BFDAFFB8C" ID-CoL="8RDCS" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[121,520,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angusticaudata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046052796BFE0DFB8D" box="[121,426,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris angusticaudata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046238796BFCE5FB8C" ID-CoL="8RDCY" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[531,834,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046238796BFDD0FB8D" box="[531,631,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. caudata</emphasis>
(Holttum) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046366796BFBB1FB8C" ID-CoL="8RDD3" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[845,1046,1057,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deficiens">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046366796BFC1FFB8D" box="[845,952,1057,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. deficiens</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04640A796BFF6AFBEC" ID-CoL="8RDD5" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excisa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04640A796BFBD3FB8C" box="[1057,1140,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. excisa</emphasis>
(Holttum) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460FD790BFE5DFBEC" ID-CoL="8RFDX" authority="(Brause) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[214,506,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="finisterrae">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460FD790BFEEDFBED" box="[214,330,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. finisterrae</emphasis>
(Brause) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046228790BFD6BFBEC" ID-CoL="8RDD8" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[515,716,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046228790BFDD5FBED" box="[515,626,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. imbricata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462FD790BFBBDFBEC" ID-CoL="8RFGF" authority="(Rosenst.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Rosenst." box="[726,1050,1089,1111]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keysseriana">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462FD790BFCFEFBED" box="[726,857,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. keysseriana</emphasis>
(Rosenst.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046408790BFF6AFBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDK" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046408790BFBD8FBED" box="[1059,1151,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P.ligulata</emphasis>
(C. Presl) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460FC792BFE7EFBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDQ" authority="W. N. Takeuchi" authorityName="W. N. Takeuchi" box="[215,473,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="medlerae">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460FC792BFEE7FBCD" box="[215,320,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. medlerae</emphasis>
W.N. Takeuchi
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461C9792BFCA8FBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDV" authority="(Gilli) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Gilli" box="[482,783,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mingendensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461C9792BFDD2FBCD" box="[482,629,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. mingendensis</emphasis>
(Gilli) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046332792BFC6AFBCC" ID-CoL="8RDDZ" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[793,973,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obliqua">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046332792BFCD4FBCD" box="[793,883,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. obliqua</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463FC792BFB60FBCC" ID-CoL="8RDF9" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[983,1223,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463FC792BFBBEFBCC" box="[983,1049,1122,1143]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. regis</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB792BFEB1FB2C" ID-CoL="8RDFN" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="walkeri">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB792BFF18FB2D" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. walkeri</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B04608279E8FD2FFA4C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04608279E8FDACFB0D" box="[169,523,1185,1207]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
Species transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04615079E8FE48FB0D" box="[379,495,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Reholttumia</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
This newly described genus encompasses the greatest number of species treated as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460F2798BFECDFB6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[217,362,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F2798BFECDFB6C" box="[217,362,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B0461A1798BFDBEFB6C" author="Holttum" box="[394,537,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA69B04620B798BFDF6FB6C" author="Holttum" box="[544,593,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
), and most of those he considered ‘typical’ of the genus. It is predominantly Malesian, but with representatives extending into Hawaii, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA69B0462C279ABFCE4FB4C" box="[745,835,1250,1271]" name="Australia" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Australia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA69B04636079ABFC0EFB4C" box="[843,937,1250,1271]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, and at least one species, with its affinities confirmed by molecular data, occurring in Africa: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046299784BFBAEFAAC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[690,1033,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="basicurtata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046299784BFC17FAAD" box="[690,944,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris basicurtata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04643A784BFB79FAAC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1041,1246,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boridensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04643A784BFB22FAAD" box="[1041,1157,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. boridensis</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046052786BFE2BFA8C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[121,396,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bryanii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046052786BFF74FA8D" box="[121,211,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. bryanii</emphasis>
(C. Chr.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461BC786BFD24FA8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[407,643,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="christelloides">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461BC786BFD80FA8D" box="[407,551,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. christelloides</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462A6786BFC32FA8C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[653,917,1314,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462A6786BFD41FA8C" box="[653,742,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. costata</emphasis>
(Brack.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04638B786BFB61FA8C" authority="(Holttum) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" box="[928,1222,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecallosa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04638B786BFBA6FA8D" box="[928,1025,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. ecallosa</emphasis>
(Holttum) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB786BFE0EFAEC" authority="(A. Rich.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="A. Rich." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glaberrima">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB786BFF43FAED" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. glaberrima</emphasis>
(A. Rich.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046198780BFD4AFAEC" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[435,749,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hudsoniana">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046198780BFD9EFAED" box="[435,569,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. hudsoniana</emphasis>
(Brack.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0462D3780BFBAFFAEC" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[760,1032,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inclusa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0462D3780BFCF5FAED" box="[760,850,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. inclusa</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046439780BFB61FAEC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[1042,1222,1346,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jermyi">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046439780BFBC0FAEC" box="[1042,1127,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. jermyi</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB780BFEEDFACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kerintjiensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB780BFF49FACD" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. kerintjiensis</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04617E782BFDEDFACC" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[341,586,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04617E782BFE04FACD" box="[341,419,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. laevis</emphasis>
(Mett.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04627E782BFC94FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[597,819,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laticuneata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04627E782BFD71FACD" box="[597,726,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. laticuneata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046316782BFBF3FACC" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[829,1108,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046316782BFC06FACD" box="[829,929,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. longipes</emphasis>
(Blume) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046475782BFE84FA2C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macroptera">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046475782BFB47FACC" box="[1118,1248,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. macroptera</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04610778CBFDE9FA2C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[300,590,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifica">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04610778CBFE39FA2D" box="[300,414,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. magnifica</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04627378CBFC86FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[600,801,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="michaelis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04627378CBFD62FA2D" box="[600,709,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. michaelis</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04630178CBFBB2FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[810,1045,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="micropaleata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04630178CBFC1DFA2D" box="[810,954,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. micropaleata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04643478CBFF69FA0C" authority="(C. Presl) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Presl" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidula">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04643478CBFBDAFA2D" box="[1055,1149,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. nitidula</emphasis>
(C. Presl) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460F378EBFE4BFA0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[216,492,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="novae-caledoniae">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460F378EBFE37FA0D" box="[216,400,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. novae-caledoniae</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461DD78EBFCADFA0C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[502,778,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyoura">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0461DD78EBFDFEFA0C" box="[502,601,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. oxyoura</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04633E78EBFC7EFA0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[789,985,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papuana">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04633E78EBFCD9FA0C" box="[789,894,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. papuana</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463C878EBFB61FA0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[995,1222,1442,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pergamacea">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463C878EBFBCDFA0C" box="[995,1130,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. pergamacea</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0464FB78EBFE92FA6C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psilophylla">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0464FB78EBFF7BFA6D" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. psilophylla</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046115788BFDD4FA6C" authority="(Bonap.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Bonap." box="[318,627,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="remotipinna">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046115788BFE64FA6C" box="[318,451,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. remotipinna</emphasis>
(Bonap.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B046257788BFC66FA6C" authority="(T. Moore) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="T. Moore" box="[636,961,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rodigasiana">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B046257788BFD5AFA6D" box="[636,765,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. rodigasiana</emphasis>
(T. Moore) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463E1788BFB78FA6C" authority="(Gepp) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Gepp" box="[970,1247,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sogerensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463E1788BFB9BFA6C" box="[970,1084,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. sogerensis</emphasis>
(Gepp) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04605278ABFED2FA4C" authority="(Poir.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[121,373,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04605278ABFF7BFA4C" box="[121,220,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P. truncata</emphasis>
(Poir.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04615678ABFD2FFA4C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[381,648,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaupelii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04615678ABFE7DFA4D" box="[381,474,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P.vaupelii</emphasis>
(C. Chr.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827B48FC46F98C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827B48FE7DF9AD" box="[169,474,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
Species recognized in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461467B48FE7DF9AD" box="[365,474,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Abacopteris</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.— 
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA69B0461DD7B4BFDA0F9AC" box="[502,519,1538,1559]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
species, heretofore recognized in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463677B48FC63F9AD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[844,964,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463677B48FC63F9AD" box="[844,964,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was treated more recently in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527B6BFEADF98C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[121,266,1570,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527B6BFEADF98C" box="[121,266,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA69B04613F7B6BFC7AF98C" author="Punetha &amp; Kholia" box="[276,989,1569,1591]" journal="J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc." page="476" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" score="102.97837005415418" volume="86" year="1990">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04613F7B6BFD26F98D" ID-CoL="8RFJH" authority="(Roxb.) Punetha &amp; Kholia, J." authorityName="Punetha &amp; Kholia, J." baseAuthorityName="Roxb." box="[276,641,1569,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04613F7B6BFECDF98D" box="[276,362,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">P.nudata</emphasis>
(Roxb.) Punetha &amp; Kholia, J.
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA69B0462AF7B6BFD75F98C" box="[644,722,1570,1591]" name="India" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Bombay</collectingCountry>
Nat. Hist. Soc. 86:476. 1990
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827B08FD15F92C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827B08FE41F9ED" box="[169,486,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
Species transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04615E7B08FE6CF9ED" box="[373,459,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Hoiokula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hoiokula</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
Two Hawaiian endemics, most closely related to 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463E87B0BFB7DF9ED" box="[963,1242,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463E87B0BFBE1F9EC" box="[963,1094,1602,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptogramma</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04647B7B08FB7DF9ED" box="[1104,1242,1601,1622]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Stegnogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stegnogramma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04608A7B28FEB8F9CD" box="[161,287,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclogramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04608A7B28FEB8F9CD" box="[161,287,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Cyclogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the phylogeny of Fawcett et al. (in press), are transferred to this new genus: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04642B7B2BFF48F92C" authority="D. D. Palmer" authorityName="D. D. Palmer" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendens">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B04642B7B2BFB47F9CD" box="[1024,1248,1633,1655]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris pendens</emphasis>
D.D. Palmer
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460DD7BCBFD15F92C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[246,690,1665,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460DD7BCBFDA3F92D" box="[246,516,1665,1687]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris sandwicensis</emphasis>
(Brack.) Holttum.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA69B0460827BE8FE49F94C" blockId="79.[121,1252,162,1783]" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460827BE8FE4BF90C" box="[169,492,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">
Species transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0461447BEBFE76F90C" box="[367,465,1698,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisorus</taxonomicName>
.—
</emphasis>
Previously recognized as monotypic, this genus now includes two species. Both share its proliferous buds, unusual among 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B04626A7B8BFD50F96C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[577,759,1730,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0463287B8BFB7AF96C" authority="(Alston) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Alston" box="[771,1245,1729,1751]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophora">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0463287B8BFBBCF96D" box="[771,1051,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris blastophora</emphasis>
(Alston) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA69B0460527BABFE49F94C" authority="(Kunze) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="Kunze" box="[121,494,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="79" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unita">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA69B0460527BABFE99F94C" box="[121,318,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="69">Pneumatopteris unita</emphasis>
(Kunze) Holttum.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7DEBFE4BFF6C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60BA7DEBFDFDFF0C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." box="[145,602,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subpennigera">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7DEBFE04FF0D" box="[145,419,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris subpennigera</emphasis>
(C. Chr.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B62B27DEBFCA9FF0C" box="[665,782,162,183]" name="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, is similar but lacks proliferous buds and has elongate sori; we consider it 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61477D8BFE41FF6D" box="[364,486,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">incertae sedis</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7DABFD66FEAC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7DABFE36FF4D" box="[145,401,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
Species transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61737DA8FE36FF4D" box="[344,401,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pakau" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pakau</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.— 
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFB99B1B61867DABFE19FF4C" box="[429,446,226,247]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
single taxon, native to 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B62B17DABFCBDFF4C" box="[666,794,226,247]" name="New Zealand" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and northern 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B638F7DABFC59FF4C" box="[932,1022,226,247]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Australia</collectingCountry>
, is transferred to this monotypic genus: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61247C4BFD66FEAC" authority="(G. Forst.) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="G. Forst." box="[271,705,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pennigera">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61247C4BFE58FEAC" box="[271,511,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris pennigera</emphasis>
(G. Forst.) Holttum.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7C6BFBB1FECC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7C6BFDB7FE8D" box="[145,528,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
Species transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B614A7C68FDABFE8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[353,524,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sphaerostephanos</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
—Three species have been transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63807C68FBF4FE8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[939,1107,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63807C68FBF4FE8D" box="[939,1107,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was recently demonstrated to be a large, mostly monophyletic, but morphologically heterogeneous genus (Fawcett et al. in press): 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B608F7C2BFE60FECC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[164,455,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incisa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B608F7C2BFEC8FECC" box="[164,367,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris incisa</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61E47C2BFD58FECC" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[463,767,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microloncha">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61E47C2BFDF2FECD" box="[463,597,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. microloncha</emphasis>
(Christ) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B632C7C2BFBB1FECC" authority="(Brause) Holttum." authorityName="Holttum." baseAuthorityName="Brause" box="[775,1046,353,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="superba">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B632C7C2BFCC3FECD" box="[775,868,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P.superba</emphasis>
(Brause) Holttum.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7CCBFD5CFE6C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60BA7CCBFEACFE2D" box="[145,267,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
.—Certain species stand out as especially problematic due to limited sampling, unique morphological features (or lack of diagnostic features), and distributions in poorly collected regions of high diversity, or some combination of these factors, and we are unable to place these with confidence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BB7CABFC4CFCCC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
The karst regions of 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B61787CABFDAEFE4C" box="[339,521,482,503]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
host an extraordinary diversity of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63797CABFC5EFE4C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[850,1017,482,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
, and these are known from few herbarium collections and very limited molecular data. Some of these can be transferred with confidence to the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60E27F68FE99FD8D" box="[201,318,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60E27F68FE99FD8D" box="[201,318,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61767F68FDA6FD8D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[349,513,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61767F68FDA6FD8D" box="[349,513,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above); however, we were unable to study diagnostic microscopic features of 
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB99B1B60867F0BFF7FFDEC" box="[173,216,578,599]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
material, or sample tissue for molecular analyses of others. The following species of 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B63DD7F0BFB0BFDEC" box="[1014,1196,578,599]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
all share the following characteristics: small stature; epipetric habitat, predominantly on calcareous rocks; proximal pinnae gradually reduced, and shallowly lobed pinnae, often with free, or forking veins, or with few anastomosing pairs: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A7FEBFE6BFD0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[97,460,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cheesmaniae">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A7FEBFED6FD0D" box="[97,369,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris cheesmaniae</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61FD7FEBFD18FD0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[470,703,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="egenolfioides">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61FD7FEBFDC3FD0D" box="[470,612,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. egenolfioides</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62E17FEBFC10FD0C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[714,951,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latisquamata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62E17FEBFCFBFD0D" box="[714,860,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. latisquamata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63E97FEBFF12FD6C" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nephrolepioides">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63E97FEBFBCCFD0D" box="[962,1131,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. nephrolepioides</emphasis>
(C. Chr.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60977F8BFE3BFD6C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[188,412,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patentipinna">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60977F8BFEE3FD6C" box="[188,324,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P.patentipinna</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B618F7F8BFD1BFD6C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[420,700,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petrophila">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B618F7F8BFDB2FD6D" box="[420,533,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P.petrophila</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
(treated in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B630D7F88FC61FD6D" box="[806,966,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B630D7F88FC61FD6D" box="[806,966,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Holttum and Roy 1965); and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60A77FABFE28FD4C" authority="Holttum. The" authorityName="Holttum. The" box="[140,399,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="versteeghii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60A77FABFEA3FD4D" box="[140,260,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. versteeghii</emphasis>
Holttum. The
</taxonomicName>
last taxon exhibits the asymmetrical pinna-bases typical of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63C97FA8FBFFFD4D" box="[994,1112,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63C97FA8FBFFFD4D" box="[994,1112,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though its pinnae are not deeply incised. Outside of 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B61CF7E4BFD3AFCAC" box="[484,669,770,791]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, several other diminutive rock ferns of diverse morphology are known and are also of uncertain placement: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62037E6BFCCAFC8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[552,877,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lithophila">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62037E6BFCB2FC8D" box="[552,789,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris lithophila</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B635E7E6BFB94FC8C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[885,1075,801,823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aberrans">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B635E7E6BFC7CFC8D" box="[885,987,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. aberrans</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B64107E6BFEB4FCEC" authority="(C. Chr.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="C. Chr." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sumbawensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B64107E6BFB6FFC8D" box="[1083,1224,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. sumbawensis</emphasis>
(C. Chr.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B616C7E0BFD31FCEC" authority="(Copel.) Holttum. Some" authorityName="Holttum. Some" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[327,662,833,855]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brooksii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B616C7E0BFE0FFCED" box="[327,424,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. brooksii</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum. Some
</taxonomicName>
of these calciphilic rock ferns demonstrate an interesting parallel to the diversity of the New World genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62017E28FD31FCCD" box="[554,662,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Goniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62017E28FD31FCCD" box="[554,662,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Goniopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Caribbean karst (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB99B1B63767E2BFC46FCCC" author="Fawcett" box="[861,993,866,887]" firstAuthor="Fawcett" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern. J." pageId="80" pageNumber="70" pagination="183 - 192" part="110" refId="ref108269" refString="FAWCETT, S. 2020. A new species of Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Hispaniola. Amer. Fern. J. 110: 183 - 192." title="A new species of Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Hispaniola" type="journal article" year="2020">Fawcett 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA7ECBFDF3FC6C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
An aberrant species with up to eight pairs of gradually reduced pinnae, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B636E7ECBFB99FC2C" box="[837,1086,898,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auctipinna">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B636E7ECBFB99FC2C" box="[837,1086,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris auctipinna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resolves with support as sister to the four sphaerostephanoid genera, however, morphologically it is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B647A7EE8FB64FC0D" box="[1105,1219,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B647A7EE8FB64FC0D" box="[1105,1219,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additional data are needed to confirm its placement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60B97EABFC0DFBCC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
The aforementioned 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B614E7EABFDC3FC4D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[357,612,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humbertii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B614E7EABFDC3FC4D" box="[357,612,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris humbertii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B62817EABFC83FC4C" box="[682,804,994,1015]" name="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, as well as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63B27EA8FBE3FC4D" box="[921,1092,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distans">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63B27EA8FBE3FC4D" box="[921,1092,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Christella distans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and perhaps 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A7948FEBAFBAD" box="[97,285,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A7948FF7AFBAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[97,221,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pronephrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pronephrium</taxonomicName>
fidelei
</emphasis>
(Fawcett et al. in press), from the same area, are more closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63D37948FB3AFBAD" box="[1016,1181,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63D37948FB3AFBAD" box="[1016,1181,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A796BFF7EFB8C" box="[97,217,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Trigonospora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A796BFF7EFB8C" box="[97,217,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Trigonospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than either is to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6150796BFDABFB8C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[379,524,1058,1079]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6150796BFDABFB8C" box="[379,524,1058,1079]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or any of its segregate genera; however, they are morphologically distinct from all species currently recognized in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61C07908FD2CFBED" box="[491,651,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61C07908FD2CFBED" box="[491,651,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We refrain from placing these taxa until a more complete understanding of the interrelationships of the African 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6248792BFCAFFBCC" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[611,776,1122,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
can be achieved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA79CBFBABFAAC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
The African species 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B617179CBFD6FFB2C" authority="(Christ) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Christ" box="[346,712,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B617179CBFDBDFB2D" box="[346,538,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis>
(Christ) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
resolves variously with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B639379C8FBB3FB2D" box="[952,1044,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B639379C8FBB3FB2D" box="[952,1044,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Christella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFB99B1B643079CBFB90FB2C" box="[1051,1079,1154,1175]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B643079CBFB95FB2C" box="[1051,1074,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B647179C8FB6EFB2D" box="[1114,1225,1153,1174]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B647179C8FB6EFB2D" box="[1114,1225,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Abacopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fawcett et al. in press), and our interpretation of its morphology is inconclusive; we refrain from making a combination, pending further study. The morphologically similar 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62757988FCC3FB6C" authority="Viane" authorityName="Viane" box="[606,868,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandafra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62757988FC81FB6D" box="[606,806,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Thelypteris glandafra</emphasis>
Viane
</taxonomicName>
was believed to be closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A79ABFEBBFB4D" box="[97,284,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A79ABFEBBFB4D" box="[97,284,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris afra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B616179ABFDEBFB4C" authority="(Viane 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Viane" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[330,588,1249,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blastophora">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B616179ABFE6CFB4D" box="[330,459,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. blastophora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB99B1B61FE79ABFDE2FB4C" author="Viane" box="[469,581,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Viane" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg." pageId="80" pageNumber="70" pagination="41 - 56" part="118" refId="ref115431" refString="VIANE, R. L. L. 1985. A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast. Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 118: 41 - 56." title="A new species and a new hybrid of Thelypteris (Pteridophyta) from the Ivory Coast" type="journal article" year="1985">Viane 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but we treat the latter taxon in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B635079ABFC7CFB4C" box="[891,987,1250,1271]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B635079ABFC7CFB4C" box="[891,987,1250,1271]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Menisorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further study is needed to place 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6084784BFEB9FAAD" box="[175,286,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandafra">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6084784BFEB9FAAD" box="[175,286,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">T.glandafra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and an additional African taxon, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6277784BFCC6FAAD" box="[604,865,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oppositifolia">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6277784BFCC6FAAD" box="[604,865,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris oppositifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with confidence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60BA786BFE02FA0C" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
Finally, because of inadequate descriptions, incomplete 
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFB99B1B62927868FD42FA8D" box="[697,741,1313,1334]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
material, and/or aberrant morphology not corresponding closely to any current generic concept, we additionally treat the following taxa as 
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B639E780BFB89FAED" box="[949,1070,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">incertae sedis</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B641C780BFEA3FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eburnea">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B641C780BFF0CFACD" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris eburnea</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6126782BFE7CFACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[269,475,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japenensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6126782BFE25FACC" box="[269,386,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. japenensis</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61CF782BFD30FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[484,663,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lawakii">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61CF782BFD9AFACD" box="[484,573,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. lawakii</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B628B782BFC05FACC" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[672,930,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microauriculata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B628B782BFCEEFACD" box="[672,841,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. microauriculata</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B6380782BFB61FACC" authority="(Desv.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Desv." box="[939,1222,1378,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prismatica">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B6380782BFB84FACC" box="[939,1059,1378,1399]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. prismatica</emphasis>
(Desv.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B604A78CBFE60FA2C" authority="(Copel.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Copel." box="[97,455,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subappendiculata">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B604A78CBFEBEFA2D" box="[97,281,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. subappendiculata</emphasis>
(Copel.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B61FA78CBFD23FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[465,644,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tobaica">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B61FA78CBFD8CFA2D" box="[465,555,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. tobaica</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B62A578CBFC6AFA2C" authority="(Brack.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Brack." box="[654,973,1410,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="transversaria">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B62A578CBFC87FA2C" box="[654,800,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. transversaria</emphasis>
(Brack.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B63FC78CBFB61FA2C" authority="Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" box="[983,1222,1409,1431]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="usambarensis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B63FC78CBFBCCFA2D" box="[983,1131,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. usambarensis</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B60A278EBFE02FA0C" authority="(Kuntze) Holttum." box="[137,421,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="venulosa">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60A278EBFF4AFA0D" box="[137,237,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. venulosa</emphasis>
(Kuntze) Holttum.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFB99B1B60A47888FDB6F9AC" blockId="80.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B60A47888FE8FFA6C" box="[143,296,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Excluded species</emphasis>
.—We exclude 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B619D788BFC8FFA6C" authority="(Baker) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Baker" box="[438,808,1473,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucida">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B619D788BFD22FA6D" box="[438,645,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Pneumatopteris lucida</emphasis>
(Baker) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
, which is likely to have been described from a mislabeled specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFB99B1B617378ABFDE5FA4C" authority="(Mett.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Mett." box="[344,578,1505,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFB99B1B617378ABFE04FA4D" box="[344,419,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">P. laevis</emphasis>
(Mett.) Holttum
</taxonomicName>
from the 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B628B78ABFCA8FA4C" box="[672,783,1506,1527]" name="Philippines" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, not from 
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFB99B1B635978ABFC41FA4C" box="[882,998,1506,1527]" name="Madagascar" pageId="80" pageNumber="70">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, as it was labeled in the cultivated collection at Kew (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFB99B1B61597B4BFDA1F9AC" author="Holttum" box="[370,518,1538,1559]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="80" pageNumber="70" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1973a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>