456 lines
55 KiB
XML
456 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="A73C3D53C20909442598BCC1D275EECB" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Plesioneuron" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="03DE89268EFBAA7C7DFE2778324770D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="56A7D7DA07B267396BDD8D01EEC554AB">
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<mods:title id="68B7FFE3D918B04519889F8DD64E3D89">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7AE9BBE8153CAB507D0C5011545662B5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="597456D1CF88BCB11C260701D2007D96">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0B3B777B834C11E21604FB3AD2466D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="19A0FD599657B93B8EF5A36608261900">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A2B7F0E558133C208E51E627D1575683" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8D607A73A53EB6075D1A5AA6D800FEE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AD3830D616515BC2EE905B117241A93F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0A1FFE925258A4035F160FEB125DA711">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="C6BC7EC7367B94D82CE3378884BFF5CA">
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<mods:dateIssued id="C35F620EF0C547F7910BB1DD9A9C198B">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="2010E9CF445E3FEE854261D1668B2D5B">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="722478FF4981A2ACAE554F3D5F2649FB">
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<mods:placeTerm id="4A46E01E22F8E3BB567FF3156CC6CA5D">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:classification id="86482B9BCB328BEE24F28C75D36C0C13">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5031C4E68B491752CA3FBA821E63093A" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A58A7D7E68155A36B795C72AF3990A8" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFA29B06621678B6FB74FEEC" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" blockId="75.[121,1182,1535,1597]" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0E9818CFFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" reason="0">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" ID-CoL="6SM3" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B00621678B6FCBBF9A2" bold="true" box="[573,796,1535,1561]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">PLESIONEURON</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060527B61FD8DF986" box="[121,554,1576,1597]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060527B61FD8DF986" blockId="75.[121,1182,1535,1597]" box="[121,554,1576,1597]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFA29B0060527B61FD81F986" author="Plesioneuron Holttum" box="[121,550,1576,1597]" journal="Blumea" page="232" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" score="3.24319811522761" volume="22" year="1975">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060527B61FE01F986" ID-CoL="6SM3" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[121,422,1576,1597]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060527B61FF5AF986" bold="true" box="[121,253,1576,1597]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
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Holttum, Blumea
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</taxonomicName>
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22:232. 1975
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0062027B62FB39F987" box="[553,1182,1578,1596]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0062027B62FB39F987" blockId="75.[121,1182,1535,1597]" box="[553,1182,1578,1596]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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—
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA29B0062117B62FDFDF980" box="[570,602,1579,1595]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA29B0062117B62FDFDF980" box="[570,602,1579,1595]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">TYPE</collectionCode>
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||
</typeStatus>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0062497B63FC39F987" ID-CoL="4K9SX" authority="(Ces.) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Ces." box="[610,926,1578,1596]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062497B63FC8DF980" box="[610,810,1578,1595]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Plesioneuron tuberculatum</emphasis>
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(Ces.) Holttum
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063997B63FB3CF987" ID-CoL="46ZWZ" authority="Ces." authorityName="Ces." box="[946,1179,1578,1596]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063997B63FBD3F980" box="[946,1140,1578,1595]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Nephrodium tuberculatum</emphasis>
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Ces.
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060B27B19FD35F9C7" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060B27B19FE6BF9DA" blockId="75.[153,658,1616,1660]" box="[153,460,1616,1633]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0060B27B19FE6BF9DA" ID-CoL="8R5X7" authority="Holttum" box="[153,460,1616,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Plesioneuron">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060B27B19FF5BF9DA" box="[153,252,1616,1633]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
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subg.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061007B19FE2FF9DA" box="[299,392,1616,1633]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
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Holttum
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060B27B22FD35F9C7" blockId="75.[153,658,1616,1660]" box="[153,658,1643,1660]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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For additional generic synonymy, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B00619F7B22FD83F9C7" author="Holttum" box="[436,548,1643,1660]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum (1975</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0062017B22FDF6F9C7" author="Holttum" box="[554,593,1643,1660]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA29B0062737B22FD2FF9C7" author="Holttum" box="[600,648,1643,1660]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0060527BD8FCB3F97C" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0060527BD8FCB3F97C" blockId="75.[121,1250,1681,1799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060527BD8FF5FF91D" box="[121,248,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Etymology.—</emphasis>
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Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061307BD8FEE9F91D" box="[283,334,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">plesio</emphasis>
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, near +
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0061B37BDBFE7FF91C" box="[408,472,1682,1703]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">neuron</emphasis>
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, vein, the genus was segregated from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA29B0063177BD8FC1EF91D" box="[828,953,1681,1702]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063177BD8FC1EF91D" box="[828,953,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it is distinguished by the basal basiscopic vein never arising far from its costule (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA29B0062E97BFBFCA0F97C" box="[706,775,1714,1735]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111064/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062E97BFBFCA0F97C" bold="true" box="[706,775,1714,1735]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">Fig. 6A</emphasis>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA29B0760837B9BFC6BFD4C" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA29B0760837B9BFC6BFD4C" blockId="75.[121,1250,1681,1799]" lastBlockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">
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Plants terrestrial or epilithic, small to large (
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA29B0062677B9BFD1CF95C" box="[588,699,1746,1767]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="75" pageNumber="65" unit="cm" value="160.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="20.0">20–300 cm</quantity>
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);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0062E17B9BFC8FF95C" bold="true" box="[714,808,1746,1767]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">rhizomes</emphasis>
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creeping to erect;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0063FC7B9BFBBDF95C" bold="true" box="[983,1050,1746,1767]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">fronds</emphasis>
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monomorphic, erect to pendent;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA29B0060C57BBBFE8DF8BC" bold="true" box="[238,298,1778,1799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="65">stipes</emphasis>
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stramineous to dull brown, with ovate-lanceolate to linear, medium- to dark brown scales, these typically thin, sometimes thickened (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761DA7DEBFDDCFF0D" box="[497,635,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costulisorum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761DA7DEBFDDCFF0D" box="[497,635,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. costulisorum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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) at the base of stipe and rhizome apex, sometimes essentially lacking; dark projecting spines sometimes present along stipes (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762D17D8BFC06FF6D" box="[762,929,193,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dryopteroideum">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762D17D8BFC06FF6D" box="[762,929,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. dryopteroideum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07639D7D88FC5FFF6D" bold="true" box="[950,1016,193,214]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous to stiffly coriaceous, often drying dull-green or sometimes pale grayish, typically pinnate-pinnatisect, less often pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely pinnatifid (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761177C4BFE34FEAD" box="[316,403,257,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761177C4BFE34FEAD" box="[316,403,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. fulgens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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), proximal pinnae generally abruptly or subabruptly reduced, often deflexed, rarely gradually reduced (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761697C6BFE66FE8D" box="[322,449,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricatum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761697C6BFE66FE8D" box="[322,449,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. imbricatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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), apex conform or gradually reduced, proliferous buds lacking;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764377C6BFBC5FE8C" bold="true" box="[1052,1122,290,311]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">pinnae</emphasis>
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||
straight or falcate, sessile or petiolulate, typically strongly asymmetrical at the base, excavate basiscopically (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07647F7C0BFB1CFEEC" box="[1108,1211,322,343]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prenticei">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07647F7C0BFB1CFEEC" box="[1108,1211,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. prenticei</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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), cuneate, rounded, or truncate, often with free basal lobe, but lacking expanded auricles; pinna apices frequently acuminate or caudate; sinus membranes often thickened, raised, and bearing hairs, forming a hairy ridge;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07641D7CCBFBCCFE2C" bold="true" box="[1078,1131,386,407]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">veins</emphasis>
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||
generally free, running to the margin above the sinus or alongside sinus ridges, not forming areoles, basal basiscopic vein arising from or near costule;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761047C88FE07FE6D" bold="true" box="[303,416,449,470]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">aerophores</emphasis>
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||
present as swollen discoloration, elongate in a few species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764237C8BFBF4FE6D" box="[1032,1107,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="croftii">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764237C8BFBF4FE6D" box="[1032,1107,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. croftii</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07644D7C8BFF67FE4C" bold="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">indument abaxially</emphasis>
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||
of short, unicellular, hyaline acicular hairs, usually restricted to veins and costae, sometimes also on laminar tissue, rarely lacking (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761497F4BFE54FDAD" box="[354,499,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Nephrodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761497F4BFE54FDAD" box="[354,499,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. tuberculatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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), glands sometimes present, these yellow and spherical, sessile, or stipitate (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760B97F6BFEB4FD8D" box="[146,275,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subglabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760B97F6BFEB4FD8D" box="[146,275,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. subglabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), scales occasionally present on costae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762A77F6BFCF5FD8C" bold="true" box="[652,850,546,567]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">indument adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
typically restricted to veins and costae, of hyaline acicular hairs and/or antrorsely arching reddish hairs along rachises and costae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763907F08FBB5FDED" bold="true" box="[955,1042,577,598]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
sometimes present on laminar tissue adaxially or abaxially (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761CA7F2BFDE4FDCC" box="[481,579,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="prenticei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761CA7F2BFDE4FDCC" box="[481,579,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.prenticei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07627E7F2BFDDAFDCC" bold="true" box="[597,637,610,631]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">sori</emphasis>
|
||
round, discrete, typically medial or inframedial, usually indusiate, indusia typically large, dark, and persistent, glabrous or with hairs or glands;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763B07FCBFBA5FD2C" bold="true" box="[923,1026,642,663]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
unadorned, or with spherical amber or yellow glands (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761E77FEBFD69FD0D" box="[460,718,673,695]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761E77FEBFDE5FD0D" box="[460,578,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hopeanum">P.hopeanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762627FEBFD6DFD0D" box="[585,714,673,695]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imbricatum">P.imbricatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA59B0762FA7FEBFCA8FD0C" box="[721,783,674,695]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[97,105,1615,1635]" captionTargetBox="[144,1177,161,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-8@22.[142,1177,161,1570]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 2. Morphology of the Thelypteridaceae.A. Coryphopteris kolombangarae, SITW07554 (TAIF), glandular indusia.B. Goniopteris yaucoensis, Proctor 43584 (US), stellatehairs along adaxialcosta.C.Pneumatopterisglandulifera,SITW11069 (TAIF),peg-like aerophoresat pinna bases.D.Sphaerostephanospolycarpos,SITW11070 (TAIF),marginally glandular indusia.E.Sphaerostephanos doodioides,SITW05702(TAIF),setoseindusia,spherical glands on indusia,sporangia,and laminar tissue. F. Goniopteris reptans, Wright 813 (US), sori with shriveled, setose indusia, some hairs furcate. G. Macrothelypteris polypodioides, SITW11122 (TAIF), stipe scales. H. Hoiokula pendens, Hobdy 2664 (UC), setulose sporangia. I. Plesioneuron imbricatum, SITW05370 (TAIF), exindusiate sori, sporangia with spherical glands. J. Christella dentata, SITW10525 (TAIF), shriveled,setulose indusia.K. Sphaerostephanos heterocarpos SITW11079 (TAIF),abruptly reduced proximal pinnae,adaxial surface with acicular hairs.L. Coryphopteris subbipinnata, SITW11667 (TAIF),appressed stipe base scales,these marginally setulose.All photos by Cheng-Wei Chen except B,F,and H by Susan Fawcett." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111046/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762FA7FEBFCA8FD0C" bold="true" box="[721,783,674,695]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fig. 2I</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), or setulae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763AE7FE8FC60FD0D" bold="true" box="[901,967,673,694]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">spores</emphasis>
|
||
often black, often minutely spinulose (echinate) or occasionally winged;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762227F8BFDB3FD6C" box="[521,532,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 36, all spp. diploid based on counts from four species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764087F8BFBDFFD6D" box="[1059,1144,705,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764087F8BFBDFFD6D" box="[1059,1144,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764AF7F8BFB37FD6C" box="[1156,1168,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis>
|
||
=36),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7FABFF76FD4D" box="[97,209,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caudatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7FABFF76FD4D" box="[97,209,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.caudatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760C17FABFF51FD4C" box="[234,246,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 72),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761187FABFE60FD4D" box="[307,455,737,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="keysserianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761187FABFE60FD4D" box="[307,455,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. keysserianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761F87FABFE78FD4C" box="[467,479,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 36),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762367FABFD3EFD4C" box="[541,665,738,759]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wantotense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762367FABFD3EFD4C" box="[541,665,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P.wantotense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07628E7FABFD16FD4C" box="[677,689,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 36). No hybrids are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA59B0760BA7E4BFD5CFBAC" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BA7E4BFD5CFBAC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA7E4BFF4CFCAC" box="[145,235,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761227E48FED9FCAD" box="[265,382,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761227E48FED9FCAD" box="[265,382,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is predominantly found in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0762D57E4BFCE3FCAC" box="[766,836,770,791]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the western Pacific, differs from the strictly Malesian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761217E68FE2FFC8D" box="[266,392,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761217E68FE2FFC8D" box="[266,392,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the proximity of the origin of the basal basiscopic vein to the costule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA59B0764747E6BFB3FFC8C" box="[1119,1176,802,823]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111064/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) (vs. arising far from it;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFA59B0761337E0BFEF8FCEC" box="[280,351,834,855]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[97,105,1748,1768]" captionTargetBox="[93,1223,156,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-8@28.[92,1230,156,1705]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 9.Steiropteris deltoidea,Fawcett 464 (VT) A. habit.B. pinna lobes,adaxial view.C.Mesophlebion sp., Karger 1796 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111101/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
), the presence of glandular or setulose sporangia (but never a reddish gland on sporangial stalks), and stiff, terete, spine-like scales along the stipe and rachis. These spines are often black and are also borne by species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760EB7EC8FEAEFC2D" box="[192,265,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760EB7EC8FEAEFC2D" box="[192,265,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761957EC8FD94FC2D" box="[446,563,897,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761957EC8FD94FC2D" box="[446,563,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having less divided pinnae, veins generally anastomosing (vs. free), and by sori often inframedial or along costules (vs. medial to inframarginal;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07631F7EEBFC1CFC0C" author="Holttum" box="[820,955,930,951]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0763E27EE8FB99FC0D" box="[969,1086,929,950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763E27EE8FB99FC0D" box="[969,1086,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may generally be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761127E8BFE6DFC6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[313,458,962,983]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761127E8BFE6DFC6C" box="[313,458,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA59B0761E47E8BFE4DFC6C" box="[463,490,962,983]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761E47E8BFE42FC6C" box="[463,485,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761DE7E88FDC2FC6D" box="[501,613,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Reholttumia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761DE7E88FDC2FC6D" box="[501,613,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Reholttumia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762B27E88FC9AFC6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[665,829,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Sphaerostephanos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762B27E88FC9AFC6D" box="[665,829,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its pinnate-pinnatisect frond division, frequently asymmetrical pinna-bases, and free veins. Its larger stature and coarser laminae distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7948FF42FBAD" box="[97,229,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7948FF42FBAD" box="[97,229,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Coryphopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Old World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0761507948FE56FBAD" box="[379,497,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0761507948FE56FBAD" box="[379,497,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also have free veins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA59B0760BA7968FF61FAAC" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BA7968FF61FAAC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA7968FE39FB8D" box="[145,414,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Biogeography and ecology.—</emphasis>
|
||
Totalling 60 species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762467968FD43FB8D" box="[621,740,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762467968FD43FB8D" box="[621,740,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches its greatest diversity in the mountains of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07604A790BFE87FBEC" box="[97,288,1090,1111]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA59B076101790BFE9DFBEC" box="[298,314,1090,1111]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
few species extend north and west in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07629F790BFCA6FBEC" box="[692,769,1090,1111]" name="Malaysia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and ca. 12 spp. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076387790BFBE3FBEC" author="Holttum" box="[940,1092,1090,1111]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) occur in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07604A792BFEA6FBCC" box="[97,257,1122,1143]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B076122792BFEF5FBCC" box="[265,338,1122,1143]" name="Micronesia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Ponape</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and northern Queensland to Melanesia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0762F7792BFD58FBCC" box="[732,767,1122,1143]" name="Fiji" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and Polynesia from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0763EC792BFBAEFBCC" box="[967,1033,1122,1143]" name="Samoa" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Society Islands, and the Marquesas Islands. The genus appears to be absent from mainland Asia (including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0763EB79CBFC52FB2C" box="[960,1013,1154,1175]" name="India" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0763D679CBFB9CFB2C" box="[1021,1083,1154,1175]" name="China" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07646879CBFB3AFB2C" box="[1091,1181,1154,1175]" name="Thailand" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07604A79EBFF11FB0C" box="[97,182,1186,1207]" name="Vietnam" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
), as well as from peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0761ED79EBFDB9FB0C" box="[454,542,1186,1207]" name="Malaysia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07628A79EBFD4CFB0C" box="[673,747,1186,1207]" name="Malaysia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Sumatra, Java), and has only a single widespread species in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0760C0798BFEFFFB6C" box="[235,344,1218,1239]" name="Philippines" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07614D798BFE75FB6C" box="[358,466,1218,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="savaiense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07614D798BFE75FB6C" box="[358,466,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">P. savaiense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Species are epipetric or terrestrial and occur at low to middle elevations, but occasionally reach ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFA59B07610A79ABFECEFB4D" box="[289,361,1249,1271]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07615F79ABFE59FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[372,510,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are found in forests, often along streams, and many species occur on limestone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFA59B0660BA786BFB74FEEC" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BA786BFEB1F9EC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA786BFE56FA8D" box="[145,497,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis>
|
||
.—Originally described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0763B17868FB62FA8C" authority="(Holttum 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[922,1221,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763B17868FBB9FA8D" box="[922,1054,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076407786BFB1AFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[1068,1213,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7808FF71FAED" box="[97,214,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7808FF71FAED" box="[97,214,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was later elevated to generic status by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07626E780BFD7DFAEC" author="Holttum" box="[581,730,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who noted that it seemed to be most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07605C7828FF67FACD" box="[119,192,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07605C7828FF67FACD" box="[119,192,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an idea supported by morphological data and, now, molecular data.As treated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076392782BFBEAFACC" author="Holttum" box="[953,1101,1378,1399]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764787828FB6FFACD" box="[1107,1224,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764787828FB6FFACD" box="[1107,1224,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprised 49 species. We transfer one unusual species with bipinnate fronds,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07634C78C8FBFFFA2D" box="[871,1112,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07634C78C8FBFFFA2D" box="[871,1112,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron marattioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07645478C8FB6EFA2D" box="[1151,1225,1409,1430]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07645478C8FB6EFA2D" box="[1151,1225,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphology and molecular data (Fawcett et al. in press) and expand the genus to 60 by transferring thirteen species treated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B076122788BFE3DFA6C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[265,410,1474,1495]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B076122788BFE3DFA6C" box="[265,410,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076190788BFDF2FA6C" author="Holttum" box="[443,597,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076276788BFD29FA6C" author="Holttum" box="[605,654,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and one by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B076322788BFC0FFA6C" author="Takeuchi" box="[777,936,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="153 - 158" part="52" refId="ref115124" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2007. Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species. Blumea 52: 153 - 158." title="Notes on Pneumatopteris (Thelypteridaceae) from Papua New Guinea, with the description of a new calciphilous species" type="journal article" year="2007">Takeuchi (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0763E37888FB9AFA6D" box="[968,1085,1473,1494]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0763E37888FB9AFA6D" box="[968,1085,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(listed below). These are almost entirely free-veined species,keyed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07627578ABFCBFFA4C" author="Holttum" box="[606,792,1506,1527]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" page="418" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum(1982:418)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the second half of his key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07641978ABFB65FA4C" authorityName="sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear="1982" box="[1074,1218,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07641978ABFB65FA4C" box="[1074,1218,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, couplet 1, and also in the second half of his key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762167B4BFCD3F9AC" authority="(Holttum 1973 a)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[573,884,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762167B4BFD69F9AC" box="[573,718,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B0762F27B4BFCC9F9AC" author="Holttum" box="[729,878,1538,1559]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="293 - 325" part="21" refId="ref109522" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1973 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai. Blumea 21: 293 - 325." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae V. The genus Pneumatopteris Nakai" type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1973a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA59B0763577B4BFC2BF9AC" box="[892,908,1538,1559]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
study of the pteridophyte flora of the east Indonesian islands of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B0761A87B6BFE6CF98C" box="[387,459,1570,1591]" name="Indonesia" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Ambon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Seram in the mid-1980’s yielded two additional species and a variety to the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA59B07608F7B0BFEABF9EC" author="Kato" box="[164,268,1602,1623]" firstAuthor="Kato" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" pagination="13 - 27" part="33" refId="ref110592" refString="KATO, M. 2007. Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae). Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci, Ser. B, 33: 13 - 27." title="Taxonomic studies of pteridophytes of Ambon and Seram (Moluccas) collected on Indonesian-Japanese expeditions XII *, Coryphopteris and Plesioneuron (Thelypteridaceae)" type="journal article" year="2007">Kato 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0760BB7B2BFE8DF96C" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The eighteen samples, representing 15 of the 60 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762907B28FC97F9CD" box="[699,816,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762907B28FC97F9CD" box="[699,816,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fawcett et al. in press) are well-supported as monophyletic, and weakly supported as sister to
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0762607BC8FD3CF92D" box="[587,667,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0762607BC8FD30F92D" box="[587,663,1665,1686]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chingia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Together, these two genera form a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0764647BCBFB64F92C" box="[1103,1219,1666,1687]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0764647BCBFB64F92C" box="[1103,1219,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Menisciopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07604A7BE8FF6EF90D" box="[97,201,1697,1718]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07604A7BE8FF6EF90D" box="[97,201,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760D77BEBFEC7F90C" box="[252,352,1698,1719]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760D77BEBFEC7F90C" box="[252,352,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFA59B07614F7BE8FED9F90D" box="[356,382,1697,1718]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B07614F7BE8FEDFF90D" box="[356,376,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
While each of these genera is well-supported as monophyletic, backbone support among these genera is weak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFA59B0660BA7BA8FB74FEEC" blockId="76.[97,1228,161,1815]" lastBlockId="77.[121,1250,162,343]" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA59B0760BA7BA8FEF0F94D" box="[145,343,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Notes.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B0760F47BA8FEF0F94D" box="[223,343,1761,1782]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is one of the least-studied genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA59B07629D7BABFCFAF94C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[694,861,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with many species known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFA59B0760AF7A48FF08F8AD" box="[132,175,1793,1814]" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
|
||
or a few collections. New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA59B07618D7A4BFE48F8AC" box="[422,495,1794,1815]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="76" pageNumber="66">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the center of diversity for the genus, remains poorly collected.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFA59B07646C7A4BFBF0F8AC" box="[1095,1111,1794,1815]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="76" pageNumber="66" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
diverse and unusual group of diminutive epilithic calciphiles occurs at higher elevation karst terrains in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFA49B0663D77DEBFB11FF0C" box="[1020,1206,162,183]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and were treated within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0661107D8BFE6BFF6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[315,460,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0661107D8BFE6BFF6C" box="[315,460,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFA49B0661C57D8BFD23FF6C" author="Holttum" box="[494,644,194,215]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(see
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06629F7D8BFC97FF6D" box="[692,816,193,215]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B06635F7D8BFBA2FF6C" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[884,1029,194,215]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pneumatopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B06635F7D8BFBA2FF6C" box="[884,1029,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for further discussion, and an enumeration of these taxa), but may be most closely allied with
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0663017DA8FC00FF4D" box="[810,935,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0663017DA8FC05FF4D" box="[810,930,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Plesioneuron</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We refrain from assigning these species to a genus, due to lack of material for both morphological and molecular study. Although several of these taxa share the asymmetrical pinna-bases, pinnatisect laminae, and free veins, some differ from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFA49B0664337C68FB2AFE8D" box="[1048,1165,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="77" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFA49B0664337C68FB2AFE8D" box="[1048,1165,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="67">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by proximal pinnae gradually reduced, and pinnae shallowly lobed, with a few anastomosing pairs of veins (vs. all veins free).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |