522 lines
67 KiB
XML
522 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="A8327619CAE5CB5A67C1E5D335E83DB7" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Thelypteris" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="1D83E93925C8471FF9E0E2F29E9CB54E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="925C90C31EB84E49C5F49F861C3AAC27">
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<mods:title id="1A7F726990655C65538B8A90C2FAE266">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="5EA62B26A9EFF03CA59A90F38B99B2FB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="532B4D745B03E39BAC79D0E8FC85D211">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C6BFC68142E4714F30C7C6DDC8E4971F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9F78D07F9762EDFAEFA58164D9AE37E4">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="62C0E153491763B88AE8A739C951F8D5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F2DCD665427B93ABE217BF9BB68A9ECC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4312573BFFA45BED63663A66776E5D00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="21B20A25E4BA2383E6102AB8A1C4118F">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1D7FBF32A97DB93FA9A08408923AE226">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="FA3E2722E86D05BE2823EEFB980D318B">
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<mods:dateIssued id="1E680516605D0BE98355F86AAF317622">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="E24F0B36BF8AF6A5772B724ABF11B0A0">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="AF1DBB87DF8D5D95E66C5B80286B218F">
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<mods:placeTerm id="6A8EB7A031AB7E2B482388D288F36356">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:classification id="C255E319BB66E15177209670FFB03DE2">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="88699DBB6B52C97FA6E55ECAE9466030" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77D323DFBE91CFFC8B9350BCFF9DAB3E" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FF8B9B28621E7E76FB26F9EC" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" box="[565,757,831,857]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" blockId="98.[97,1225,831,919]" box="[565,757,831,857]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<heading id="D0E9818CFF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[565,757,831,857]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[565,757,831,857]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29621E7E76FD52FCE2" bold="true" box="[565,757,831,857]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">THELYPTERIS</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29604A7E21FCC2FCC7" box="[97,869,871,893]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29604A7E21FCC2FCC7" blockId="98.[97,1225,831,919]" box="[97,869,871,893]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29604A7E21FE39FCC6" authority="Schmidel, Icon. Pl." authorityName="Schmidel, Icon. Pl." box="[97,414,871,893]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7E21FF7EFCC6" bold="true" box="[97,217,872,893]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Thelypteris</emphasis>
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Schmidel, Icon. Pl.
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</taxonomicName>
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, ed. Keller, 3, 45, t. 11
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B2962577E21FD2BFCC6" box="[636,652,872,893]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
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, 13. 1763, nom. cons.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29634F7E22FE59FC2C" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29634F7E22FE59FC2C" blockId="98.[97,1225,831,919]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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—
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8B9B29635D7E22FC30FCC0" box="[886,919,875,891]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8B9B29635D7E22FC30FCC0" box="[886,919,875,891]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">TYPE</collectionCode>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29638A7E23FBD1FCC7" authority="Schott" authorityName="Schott" box="[929,1142,874,892]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29638A7E23FB98FCC0" box="[929,1087,874,891]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis>
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Schott
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</taxonomicName>
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[based on
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29608A7ECCFEE8FC2D" box="[161,335,901,918]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Acrostichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thelypteris">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29608A7ECCFEE8FC2D" box="[161,335,901,918]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Acrostichum thelypteris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L., Sp.
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<bibCitation id="5E343E8CFF8B9B2961AF7ECFFE5DFC2C" box="[388,506,902,919]" journal="Pl." page="1071" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="2" year="1753">Pl.2:1071.1753</bibCitation>
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]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2960AA7EE2FE1CFC6C" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960AA7EE2FED5FC07" blockId="98.[129,443,939,983]" box="[129,370,939,956]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960AA7EE2FF1FFC00" box="[129,184,939,955]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Lastrea</emphasis>
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Bory nom. illeg.superfl.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960AA7E8CFE1CFC6C" blockId="98.[129,443,939,983]" box="[129,443,965,983]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960AA7E8CFF78FC6D" box="[129,223,965,982]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Hemestheum</emphasis>
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Newman nom. illeg.superfl.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B29604A7EA5FEDFFB99" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B29604A7EA5FEDFFB99" blockId="98.[97,1226,1004,1794]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7EA5FF47FBBA" box="[97,224,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Etymology.—</emphasis>
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Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961287EA5FE90FBBA" box="[259,311,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">thelys</emphasis>
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, female
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961AC7EA4FE6BFBB9" box="[391,460,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">+ pteris</emphasis>
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, fern. An old Greek name for a fern more delicate than the male fern,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B29644E7EA4FED3FB99" authority="(Stewart et al. 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Stewart" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filix-mas">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29644E7EA4FF15FB9A" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Dryopteris filix-mas</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2960977944FECAFB99" author="Stewart" box="[188,365,1036,1058]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stewart" journalOrPublisher="Fiddlehead Forum" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="21 - 36" part="10" refId="ref114814" refString="STEWART, R. R., D. M. JOHNSON, & J. T. MICKEL. 1983. Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names. Fiddlehead Forum 10: 21 - 36." title="Pteridophyte genera, the meaning of their names" type="journal article" year="1983">Stewart et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2960A47964FF45F919" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2960A47964FF45F919" blockId="98.[97,1226,1004,1794]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized, in wet ground (often marshes or swamps), dying back in winter (in temperate areas);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960C87904FEE6FBD9" bold="true" box="[227,321,1101,1122]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">rhizomes</emphasis>
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short- to often long-creeping, usually blackish, with relatively few roots between nodes, mostly 1.5–
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2960A77924FF63FB3A" box="[140,196,1132,1154]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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diam.;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961247924FEF4FB39" bold="true" box="[271,339,1133,1154]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">fronds</emphasis>
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moderately sized (typically
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2962407924FD7DFB39" box="[619,730,1133,1154]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="cm" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30–100 cm</quantity>
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), monomorphic or weakly dimorphic, with fertile fronds narrower and having longer stipes and more constricted pinnae and segments, arching to erect, deeply pinnate-pinnatifid or often pinnatisect with pinnae incised to within
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2962E579E4FCA1FB7A" box="[718,774,1196,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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of costae;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29634D79E4FC06FB79" bold="true" box="[870,929,1197,1218]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">stipes</emphasis>
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dull stramineous, blackened at bases;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960B47984FEB6FB5A" bold="true" box="[159,273,1228,1250]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">stipe scales</emphasis>
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tan, ovate, glabrous or nearly so;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962607985FD2AFB5A" bold="true" box="[587,653,1228,1249]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous, drying green, proximal pinnae not reduced, or with 1–several pinna-pairs somewhat reduced, but never abruptly reduced to a series of hastate auricles or glanduliform pinnae; blade apex gradually reduced; proliferous buds absent;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962927844FD58FA99" bold="true" box="[697,767,1293,1314]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">pinnae</emphasis>
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nearly symmetrical with segments spreading or only slightly oblique; margins entire, pinna bases sessile to short-petiolulate, truncate, acroscopic segment often slightly elongate but not auriculate;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961477804FE06FAD9" bold="true" box="[364,417,1357,1378]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">veins</emphasis>
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free, simple or often forked, ending at margins of lobes just above sinuses (
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<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8B9B2964587804FB1DFAD9" box="[1139,1210,1357,1378]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111064/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2964587804FB1DFAD9" bold="true" box="[1139,1210,1357,1378]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Fig. 6D</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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||
);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29604A7825FF75FA3A" bold="true" box="[97,210,1388,1409]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">aerophores</emphasis>
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absent;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29610B7824FE40FA39" bold="true" box="[288,487,1389,1410]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">indument abaxially</emphasis>
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of hyaline acicular hairs restricted to axes (rachis, costae, and sometime costules), also with thin, flat, ovate tan scales along costae, tissue between veins glabrous or nearly so;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29642978C4FB6FFA19" bold="true" box="[1026,1224,1421,1442]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">indument adaxially</emphasis>
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of hyaline acicular or tortuous hairs restricted mostly to costae, veins and laminar tissue glabrous;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2963D478E5FBF1FA7A" bold="true" box="[1023,1110,1452,1473]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">pustules</emphasis>
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||
absent;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29648A78E4FB6EFA79" bold="true" box="[1185,1225,1453,1474]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">sori</emphasis>
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||
typically round and discrete, or often confluent at maturity, medial or inframedial, indusia relatively large and persistent, glabrous or with a few short-stipitate glands;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B29627478A4FD63F9B9" bold="true" box="[607,708,1517,1538]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">sporangia</emphasis>
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||
glabrous or often bearing short, stipitate glands <0.1 mm;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960BF7B45FF71F99A" bold="true" box="[148,214,1548,1569]" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">spores</emphasis>
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||
tan, bilateral, monolete, perispore variable, echinate in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962DD7B45FCC3F99A" box="[758,868,1548,1569]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962DD7B45FCC3F99A" box="[758,868,1548,1569]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">T. confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and granulate, papillate, irregularly tuberculate, or reticulate and perforate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961D97B65FDFDF9FA" box="[498,602,1580,1601]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2961D97B65FDFDF9FA" box="[498,602,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">T. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B29624E7B64FD70F9F9" author="Tryon" box="[613,727,1581,1602]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="444 - 460" part="73" refId="ref115194" refString="TRYON, A. F. 1971. Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 73: 444 - 460." title="Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1971">Tryon 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2962CB7B65FC22F9F9" author="Tryon" box="[736,901,1580,1602]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2963A67B65FBDDF9F9" author="Tryon & Lugardon" box="[909,1146,1580,1602]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2964A17B65FB32F9FA" box="[1162,1173,1580,1601]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 35, two species, only one counted, always diploid. Reports of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962AB7B05FD2BF9DA" box="[640,652,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 36 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2962F77B05FCE5F9DA" box="[732,834,1612,1633]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2962F77B05FCE5F9DA" box="[732,834,1612,1633]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">T. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2963437B04FC46F9D9" author="Mitui" box="[872,993,1613,1634]" firstAuthor="Mitui" journalOrPublisher="Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku B." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="285 - 333" part="13" refId="ref112086" refString="MITUI, K. 1968. Chromosomes and speciation in ferns. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku B. 13: 285 - 333." title="Chromosomes and speciation in ferns" type="journal article" year="1968">Mitui (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B2964257B04FB61F9D9" author="Hirabayashi" box="[1038,1222,1613,1634]" firstAuthor="Hirabayashi" journalOrPublisher="J. Jap. Bot." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="113 - 119" part="44" refId="ref109348" refString="HIRABAYASHI, H. 1969. Chromosome numbers in several species of the Aspidiaceae. J. Jap. Bot. 44: 113 - 119." title="Chromosome numbers in several species of the Aspidiaceae" type="journal article" year="1969">Hirabayashi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, from populations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8B9B2961017B25FEC5F93A" box="[298,354,1644,1665]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, are likely erroneous (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8B9B29624B7B25FC89F939" author="Tryon & Tryon" box="[608,814,1644,1666]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="98" pageNumber="88" pagination="65 - 76" part="63" refId="ref115246" refString="TRYON, A. F. & R. TRYON. 1973. Thelypteris in northeastern North America. Amer. Fern J. 63: 65 - 76." title="Thelypteris in northeastern North America" type="journal article" year="1973">Tryon & Tryon 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for comments and a review of cytological information).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8B9B2860BA7BE5FC8BFE8C" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8B9B2860BA7BE5FC8BFE8C" blockId="98.[97,1226,1004,1794]" lastBlockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" lastPageId="99" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8B9B2960BA7BE5FEC8F97A" box="[145,367,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Diagnosis.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8B9B2961227BE5FEC8F97A" box="[265,367,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thelypteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be readily distinguished from the superficially similar, and sometimes co-occurring amauropeltoid genera by a combination of characteristics. It has consistently long-creeping, relatively narrow rhizomes (1.5–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FF8B9B2960B97BA4FF6FF8BA" box="[146,200,1772,1794]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam.); grows in persistently wet habitats in temperate areas; has largely scaleless rhizomes behind the apex; has persistent ovate scales on the costae abaxially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B28625B7DEBFD1EFF0C" box="[624,697,162,183]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111064/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28625B7DEBFD1EFF0C" bold="true" box="[624,697,162,183]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 6D</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); lacks greatly reduced proximal pinnae; has frequently forked, free veins on the ultimate segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B2862377D8BFDC5FF6C" box="[540,610,194,215]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111064/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862377D8BFDC5FF6C" bold="true" box="[540,610,194,215]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 6D</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); and is often slightly dimorphic, with fertile fronds taller, and with confluent sori resulting in an almost acrostichoid appearance.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862E37DA8FC97FF4D" box="[712,816,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862E37DA8FC97FF4D" box="[712,816,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2864417DA8FB46FF4D" box="[1130,1249,225,246]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864417DA8FB46FF4D" box="[1130,1249,225,246]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860887C48FE80FEAD" box="[163,295,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Coryphopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860887C48FE80FEAD" box="[163,295,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Coryphopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in temperate latitudes by the presence of scales on the abaxial costae, the lack of glands on abaxial laminae, some veins forking (vs. simple), and fidelity to wetland habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860827C08FF43FE4C" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827C08FF43FE4C" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827C08FE38FEED" box="[169,415,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Biogeography and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
—Throughout their range, the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863707C08FC64FEED" box="[859,963,321,342]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863707C08FC64FEED" box="[859,963,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2863E27C0BFC42FEEC" box="[969,997,322,343]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863E27C0BFC78FEEC" box="[969,991,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
occur in perennially wet, often open areas, especially marshes, peat bogs, forested swamps, and edges of lakes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863B67C28FBFDFECD" box="[925,1114,353,374]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863B67C28FBFDFECD" box="[925,1114,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread in temperate wetlands of the northern hemisphere, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862937CC8FCD8FE2D" box="[696,895,385,406]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862937CC8FCD8FE2D" box="[696,895,385,406]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is south-temperate in sub-Saharan Africa, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2861347CEBFEF2FE0C" box="[287,341,418,439]" name="India" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2861967CEBFDBFFE0C" box="[445,536,418,439]" name="Thailand" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28625F7CEBFD66FE0C" box="[628,705,418,439]" name="Malaysia" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2862E07CEBFC81FE0C" box="[715,806,418,439]" name="Australia" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28631A7CEBFC11FE0C" box="[817,950,418,439]" name="New Zealand" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and southern South America. Outlying populations of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28618A7C8BFDACFE6D" box="[417,523,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28618A7C8BFDACFE6D" box="[417,523,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862167C8BFD09FE6D" box="[573,686,449,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862167C8BFD09FE6D" box="[573,686,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur sporadically in suitable habitats in the tropics and subtropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860827F4BFB6BFA0D" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827F4BFF4FFCEC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827F4BFE50FDAD" box="[169,503,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.</emphasis>
|
||
—Historically, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862C37F48FCF7FDAD" box="[744,848,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862C37F48FCF7FDAD" box="[744,848,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has had many different circumscriptions. Beginning with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28613A7F6BFE36FD8C" author="Ching" box="[273,401,546,567]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="237 - 352" part="6" refId="ref107458" refString="CHING, R. C. 1936. A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 237 - 352." title="A revision of the Chinese and Sikkim-Himalayan Dryopteris with reference to some species from neighboring regions" type="journal article" year="1936">Ching (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and continuing with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862747F6BFD4CFD8C" author="Morton" box="[607,747,546,567]" firstAuthor="Morton" journalOrPublisher="Amer. Fern J." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="149 - 154" part="53" refId="ref112221" refString="MORTON, C. V. 1963. The classification of Thelypteris. Amer. Fern J. 53: 149 - 154." title="The classification of Thelypteris" type="journal article" year="1963">Morton (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the genus was accepted in a broad sense, comprising all or most of the ca. 1000 species in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862147F0BFD40FDEC" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[575,743,578,599]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Before that time, members of the family had usually been subsumed in an unwieldy genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861DB7F2BFDF2FDCC" box="[496,597,610,631]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Dryopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861DB7F2BFDF2FDCC" box="[496,597,610,631]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Dryopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862A47F2BFC9BFDCC" author="Christensen" box="[655,828,610,631]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="55 - 282" part="10" refId="ref107711" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 55 - 282." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part I. The tropical American pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1913">Christensen 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28636D7F2BFCDFFDCC" author="Christensen" box="[838,888,610,631]" firstAuthor="Christensen" journalOrPublisher="Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="3 - 132" part="6" refId="ref107760" refString="CHRISTENSEN, C. 1920. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk Math. Afd., ser. 8, 6: 3 - 132." title="A monograph of the genus Dryopteris, part II. The tropical American bipinnate-decompound species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk" type="journal article" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863A37F2BFBACFDCC" author="Ching" box="[904,1035,610,631]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="289 - 335" part="8" refId="ref107523" refString="CHING, R. C. 1963. A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 289 - 335." title="A reclassification of the family Thelypteridaceae from the mainland of Asia" type="journal article" year="1963">Ching (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized 18 genera within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860957FCBFEC4FD2C" authorityName=", Ching" authorityYear="1963" box="[190,355,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for mainland Asia, and restricted
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862837FC8FCB7FD2D" box="[680,784,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862837FC8FCB7FD2D" box="[680,784,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to just three species. Shortly thereafter,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2864A47FCBFF16FD0C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="5 - 32" part="17" refId="ref109433" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris. Blumea 17: 5 - 32." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris, and Macrothelypteris" type="journal article" year="1969">Holttum (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2860917FEBFF4DFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[186,234,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2860D87FEBFE82FD0C" author="Holttum" box="[243,293,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861067FEBFEFAFD0C" author="Holttum" box="[301,349,674,695]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Acta Bot. Malacitana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="47 - 58" part="8" refId="ref109981" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1983. The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe. Acta Bot. Malacitana 8: 47 - 58." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) adopted many of Ching’s generic concepts and also segregated several new genera; a series of revisions and monographs culminated in recognition of 23 genera in Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863727F8BFC42FD6C" author="Holttum" box="[857,997,706,727]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28640A7F88FB2DFD6D" box="[1057,1162,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28640A7F88FB2DFD6D" box="[1057,1162,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2864BA7F8BFB0AFD6C" box="[1169,1197,706,727]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864BA7F8BFB0FFD6C" box="[1169,1192,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with either two or three species. An attempt at some middle ground was offered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28637F7FABFC75FD4C" author="Smith" box="[852,978,738,759]" editor="Kubitzki, K." firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref114359" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1990. Thelypteridaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., ed. The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol. eds. K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 263 - 272." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The families and genera of vascular plants. I. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Vol" year="1990">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8A9B28637F7FABFC29FD4C" box="[852,910,738,759]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1990)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and later by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2864627FABFF7EFCAC" author="Christenhusz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Christenhusz" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="7 - 54" part="19" refId="ref107620" refString="CHRISTENHUSZ, M. J. M., X. - C. ZHANG, & H. SCHNEIDER. 2011. A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa 19: 7 - 54." title="A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" type="journal article" year="2011">Christenhusz et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8A9B2860CF7E4BFE87FCAC" box="[228,288,770,791]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Smith</collectingRegion>
|
||
recognized five genera in the family, with the largest genera being expanded concepts of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527E68FF46FC8D" box="[121,225,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527E68FF46FC8D" box="[121,225,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 280 spp,. in five subgenera, including subg.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862817E68FCB5FC8D" box="[682,786,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862817E68FCB5FC8D" box="[682,786,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with two spp.) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863E67E68FB97FC8D" box="[973,1072,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863E67E68FB97FC8D" box="[973,1072,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca. 525 spp. in 20 subgenera).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860837E2BFD4EFBAC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2860837E2BFE99FCCC" author="Holttum" box="[168,318,866,887]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Acta Bot. Malacitana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="47 - 58" part="8" refId="ref109981" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1983. The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe. Acta Bot. Malacitana 8: 47 - 58." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe" type="journal article" year="1983">Holttum (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed a slightly different narrow classification of the genus, recognizing three species. In this, he distinguished European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861AA7ECBFE4EFC2D" box="[385,489,897,919]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861AA7ECBFE4EFC2D" box="[385,489,897,919]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2861C67ECBFDAFFC2C" box="[493,520,898,919]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861C67ECBFDA4FC2C" box="[493,515,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, with glabrous indusia, from the North American taxon, having hairy indusia; he called the latter
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28617E7EEBFD40FC0C" authority="(Michx.) Holub. However" authorityName="Holub. However" baseAuthorityName="Michx." box="[341,743,929,951]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thelypteroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28617E7EEBFE4CFC0D" box="[341,491,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. thelypteroides</emphasis>
|
||
(Michx.) Holub. However
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as shown earlier by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863857EEBFBC6FC0C" author="Tryon" box="[942,1121,930,951]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, that name is based on a mistypification by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28619B7E8BFDE1FC6C" author="Morton" box="[432,582,962,983]" firstAuthor="Morton" journalOrPublisher="Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="29 - 83" part="38" refId="ref112245" refString="MORTON, C. V. 1967. Studies of fern types, I. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 38: 29 - 83." title="Studies of fern types, I." type="journal article" year="1967">Morton (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and applies to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862CE7E88FC5CFC6D" box="[741,1019,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="noveboracensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862CE7E88FC5CFC6D" box="[741,1019,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Amauropelta noveboracensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527EA8FF48FC4D" box="[121,239,993,1014]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amauropelta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527EA8FF48FC4D" box="[121,239,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Amauropelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see also comments regarding typification by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862847EABFCF0FC4C" author="Tryon" box="[687,855,994,1015]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Regardless of the typification issue, we regard the European and North American variants as conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B286083796BFB93FAAC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861757968FE61FB8D" box="[350,454,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861757968FE61FB8D" box="[350,454,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognized by us and many others (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286362796BFC4CFB8C" author="Tryon" box="[841,1003,1058,1079]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are only subtly different.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860527908FE90FBED" box="[121,311,1089,1110]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860527908FE90FBED" box="[121,311,1089,1110]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is largely restricted to north-temperate North America, Europe, and Asia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286428790BFB35FBEC" author="Fernald" box="[1027,1170,1090,1111]" firstAuthor="Fernald" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="27 - 36" part="31" refId="ref108492" refString="FERNALD, M. L. 1929. A study of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 31: 27 - 36." title="A study of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1929">Fernald (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was the first to distinguish infraspecific variants within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862657928FCAAFBCD" box="[590,781,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862657928FCAAFBCD" box="[590,781,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B28633F7928FC8CFBCC" box="[788,811,1121,1143]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28633F7928FC8FFBCD" box="[788,808,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
—one in Eurasia (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863CB792BFBFEFBCD" box="[992,1113,1121,1143]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="palustris">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864217928FBFEFBCD" box="[1034,1113,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">palustris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the other in North America and eastern Asia (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861EF79CBFC84FB2C" authority="(G. Lawson) Fernald" authorityName="Fernald" baseAuthorityName="G. Lawson" box="[452,803,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="pubescens">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861C479C8FDEBFB2D" box="[495,588,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
(G. Lawson) Fernald
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B28631879CBFCE4FB2C" box="[819,835,1154,1175]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
third variant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863F879CBFB3AFB2C" authority="Fernald" authorityName="Fernald" box="[979,1181,1153,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="haleana">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863D679C8FBE0FB2D" box="[1021,1095,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">haleana</emphasis>
|
||
Fernald
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in the southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2860D179EBFE9EFB0C" box="[250,313,1186,1207]" name="United States of America" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28616A79EBFED1FB0C" box="[321,374,1186,1207]" name="Cuba" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B28618179EBFDA3FB0C" box="[426,516,1186,1207]" name="Bermuda" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, was also distinguished by Fernald and others; however, it is only dubiously distinct, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861637988FE5DFB6C" author="Tryon" box="[328,506,1217,1239]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and we concur. The southern hemisphere taxon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863FE798BFBE6FB6D" box="[981,1089,1217,1239]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863FE798BFBE6FB6D" box="[981,1089,1217,1239]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T.confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has been recognized as a distinct species by most recent authors, including
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28629A79A8FC9AFB4C" author="Morton" box="[689,829,1249,1271]" firstAuthor="Morton" journalOrPublisher="Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="29 - 83" part="38" refId="ref112245" refString="MORTON, C. V. 1967. Studies of fern types, I. Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 38: 29 - 83." title="Studies of fern types, I." type="journal article" year="1967">Morton (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28636E79A8FC53FB4C" author="Tryon" box="[837,1012,1249,1271]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="461 - 474" part="82" refId="ref115276" refString="TRYON, A. F., R. TRYON, & F. BADRE. 1980. Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern. Rhodora 82: 461 - 474." title="Classification, spores, and nomenclature of the marsh fern" type="journal article" year="1980">Tryon et al. (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28640F79ABFB1EFB4C" author="Holttum" box="[1060,1209,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Acta Bot. Malacitana" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="47 - 58" part="8" refId="ref109981" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1983. The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe. Acta Bot. Malacitana 8: 47 - 58." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in Europe" type="journal article" year="1983">Holttum (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but was treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B286129784BFD70FAAC" authority="(Schlecht.) Weatherby" authorityName="Weatherby" baseAuthorityName="Schlecht." box="[258,727,1281,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="squamigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B286129784BFECEFAAD" box="[258,361,1281,1303]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861BE784BFE59FAAC" box="[405,510,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">squamigera</emphasis>
|
||
(Schlecht.) Weatherby
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2862D37848FCD3FAAC" author="Tryon" box="[760,884,1281,1303]" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="444 - 460" part="73" refId="ref115194" refString="TRYON, A. F. 1971. Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 73: 444 - 460." title="Structure and variation in spores of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1971">Tryon (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B28638A784BFB97FAAC" author="Fernald" box="[929,1072,1282,1303]" firstAuthor="Fernald" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="27 - 36" part="31" refId="ref108492" refString="FERNALD, M. L. 1929. A study of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora 31: 27 - 36." title="A study of Thelypteris palustris" type="journal article" year="1929">Fernald (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827868FB6BFA0D" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860827868FE05FA8C" ID-CoL="37XXK" authority="Christ" authorityName="Christ" box="[169,418,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827868FEF9FA8D" box="[169,350,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris tremula</emphasis>
|
||
Christ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FF8A9B2861807868FE71FA8D" box="[427,470,1313,1334]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">type</typeStatus>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FF8A9B286224786BFDDBFA8C" box="[527,636,1314,1335]" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FF8A9B2862AF786BFD6AFA8C" box="[644,717,1314,1335]" name="Mexico" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is probably only an outlier of the widespread Northern Hemisphere
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2860DA780BFE79FAED" ID-CoL="5NNBL" box="[241,478,1345,1367]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="palustris" variety="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860DA780BFEFFFAED" box="[241,344,1345,1367]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861A97808FE79FAED" box="[386,478,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861CC780BFD10FAEC" author="Mickel & Smith" box="[487,695,1346,1367]" firstAuthor="Mickel" journalOrPublisher="Mem. New York Bot. Gard." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 1054" part="88" refId="ref112052" refString="MICKEL, J. T. & A. R. SMITH. 2004. The pteridophytes of Mexico. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 1 - 1054." title="The pteridophytes of Mexico" type="journal article" year="2004">Mickel & Smith 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), to which it is sister in the phylogenetic analysis of Fawcett et al. (in press). Most Mexican collections are more than 100 years old, and it seems likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863DA782BFBE8FACD" ID-CoL="37XXK" box="[1009,1103,1377,1399]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tremula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863DA782BFBE8FACD" box="[1009,1103,1377,1399]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T.tremula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is largely extirpated, with draining of its habitat; however, one recent collection is
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28632A78C8FC07FA2D" box="[769,928,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Rzedowski 39234</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B28638778CBFC74FA2C" box="[940,979,1410,1431]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rgwt-iip3" name="Instituto de Ecología, A.C." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="Herbarium">IEB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FF8A9B2863F778CBFBAAFA2C" box="[988,1037,1410,1431]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wbe7-qwr9" name="Instituto de Ecología, A.C." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="Herbarium">XAL</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28643178C8FEE5FA0C" ID-CoL="7C7ZZ" authority="(Bedd.) Y. X. Lin et al." authorityName="Y. X. Lin" baseAuthorityName="Bedd." class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fairbankii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28643178C8FB46FA2D" box="[1050,1249,1409,1430]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris fairbankii</emphasis>
|
||
(Bedd.) Y.X. Lin et al.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2861D178EBFD37FA0C" author="Lin" box="[506,656,1441,1463]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but seems likely to be a heterotypic synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28647178EBFB60FA0D" ID-CoL="569VK" box="[1114,1223,1441,1463]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28647178EBFB60FA0D" box="[1114,1223,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T.confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B286083788BFB2FF98C" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B286083788BFB2FF98C" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
All phylogenetic studies with broad sampling (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286249788BFCB6FA6C" author="He & Zhang" box="[610,785,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="He" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="757 - 764" part="65" refId="ref109255" refString="HE, L. J. & X. C. ZHANG. 2012. Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 65: 757 - 764." title="Exploring generic delimitation within the fern family Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2012">He & Zhang 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B286333788BFC68FA6C" author="ALMEIDA, T. E & S. HENNEQUIN & H. SCHNEIDER & A. R. SMITH & J. A. N. BATISTA & A. J. RAMALHO & K. PROITE & K. & A. SALINO" box="[792,975,1473,1495]" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="688 - 700" part="94" refId="ref106225" refString="ALMEIDA, T. E., S. HENNEQUIN, H. SCHNEIDER, A. R. SMITH, J. A. N. BATISTA, A. J. RAMALHO, K. PROITE, & K. & A. SALINO. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 94: 688 - 700." title="Towards a phylogenetic generic classification of Thelypteridaceae: Additional sampling suggests alterations of neotropical taxa and further study of paleotropical genera" type="journal article" year="2016">Almeida et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fawcett et al. in press) show
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28605278A8FEA2FA4C" box="[121,261,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28605278A8FF46FA4D" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[121,225,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Thelypteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2860CE78ABFEA5FA4C" box="[229,258,1506,1527]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as treated here, sister to the rest of Thelypteridoideae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B28632178ABFC99FA4C" box="[778,830,1506,1527]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111042/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28632178ABFC99FA4C" bold="true" box="[778,830,1506,1527]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). This subfamily includes 900+ species, and is sister to the smaller subfam.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861B77B4BFDEAF9AC" ID-CoL="K52" baseAuthorityName="PPG I" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[412,589,1538,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="76" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phegopteridoideae">Phegopteridoideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862727B48FD53F9AD" ID-CoL="5JQR" box="[601,756,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862727B48FD53F9AD" box="[601,756,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Macrothelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2862D47B48FC0FF9AD" ID-CoL="8R5Z4" box="[767,936,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2862D47B48FC0FF9AD" box="[767,936,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Pseudophegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2863987B48FBBCF9AD" ID-CoL="6N3D" box="[947,1051,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Phegopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863987B48FBBCF9AD" box="[947,1051,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Phegopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2864067B48FB32F9AD" ID-CoL="7VLR" box="[1069,1173,1537,1558]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864067B48FB32F9AD" box="[1069,1173,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FF8A9B2864B27B4BFB12F9AD" box="[1177,1205,1537,1559]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864B27B4BFB09F9AC" box="[1177,1198,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
represents an ancient lineage, diverged from its closest extant relatives by perhaps 86 Ma (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FF8A9B2863877B6BFBDAF98C" author="Testo & Sundue" box="[940,1149,1570,1591]" firstAuthor="Testo" journalOrPublisher="Molec. Phylogen. Evol." pageId="99" pageNumber="89" pagination="200 - 211" part="105" refId="ref115157" refString="TESTO, W. & M. SUNDUE. 2016. A 4000 - species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 105: 200 - 211." title="A 4000 - species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns" type="journal article" year="2016">Testo & Sundue 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFF8A9B2860827B08FB26F9EC" box="[169,1153,1601,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FF8A9B2860827B08FB26F9EC" blockId="99.[121,1251,162,1623]" box="[169,1153,1601,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2860827B08FEF1F9EC" box="[169,342,1601,1623]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Constituent species</emphasis>
|
||
.—*
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B2861557B08FCB2F9ED" authority="(Thunb.) C. V. Morton" authorityName="C. V. Morton" baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[382,789,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2861557B08FDE7F9ED" box="[382,576,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Thelypteris confluens</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunb.) C.V. Morton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2863377B08FC81F9ED" box="[796,806,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">*</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FF8A9B28630D7B08FB86F9EC" authority="(Salisb.) Schott" authorityName="Schott" baseAuthorityName="Salisb." box="[806,1057,1601,1623]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="99" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B28630D7B08FC28F9ED" box="[806,911,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">T. palustris</emphasis>
|
||
(Salisb.) Schott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FF8A9B2864067B0BFBD4F9EC" box="[1069,1139,1602,1623]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[97,105,1778,1798]" captionTargetBox="[102,1218,158,1728]" captionTargetId="figure-8@26.[102,1218,156,1733]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 6. A. Plesioneuron hopeanum, Fawcett 613 (VT),pinna lobes,adaxial view.Amauropelta (subg.Nibaa) noveboracensis, Fawcett 567 (MICH,VT),B. pinna-lobes, adaxial view.C.habit.D. Thelypterispalustris,Fawcett 569 (VT),pinna lobes abaxial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111064/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FF8A9B2864067B0BFBD4F9EC" bold="true" box="[1069,1139,1602,1623]" pageId="99" pageNumber="89">Fig. 6D</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |