334 lines
35 KiB
XML
334 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792314" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f309b9a6-ba6b-4f63-96b6-caf37e4e2a21" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815486" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792314" ID-ZooBank="20B00870-7416-4583-ADE0-4302E5571B66" approvalRequired="57" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="57" checkinTime="1587999934386" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anweiler, Gary G." docDate="2009" docId="F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_1990.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 9 (9)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@52c7884c" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Panthea gigantea" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="108" masterDocId="097D7A475B55FFEA1923032E2837FFD7" masterDocTitle="Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="97" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1643568514638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the New World Panthea Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) with descriptions of 5 new species and 2 new subspecies</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">87B63195-32B4-4FAF-8732-54242BF1FAA9</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>E. H. Strickland Entomological Museum, 218 Earth Sciences Building, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T 6 G 2 E 9</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gganweiler@shaw.ca)</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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||
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-05-12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>9</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>97</mods:start>
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<mods:end>134</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.9.157</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f309b9a6-ba6b-4f63-96b6-caf37e4e2a21</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576456</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">20B00870-7416-4583-ADE0-4302E5571B66</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792314" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163815486" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3792314" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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<subSubSection box="[140,454,1468,1495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,454,1468,1530]" box="[140,454,1468,1495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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||
<heading box="[140,454,1468,1495]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="(French)" baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[140,454,1468,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,454,1468,1495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,344,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Panthea gigantea</emphasis>
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(French)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,370,1504,1530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,454,1468,1530]" box="[140,370,1504,1530]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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<figureCitation box="[140,240,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figures 1-11" captionStartId="30.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[137,1111,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 1-11. Panthea adults 1. P. apanthea ♁ holotype, White Mountains, AZ, USA; 2. P. apanthea ♀, Coconino Co., AZ, USA; 3. P. reducta ♁ holotype, Pedemales N.P., DR; 4. P. judyae ♁, Grant Co., NM, USA; 5. P. judyae ♀, Cochise Co., AZ, USA; 6. P. gigantea ♁ neotype, Larimer Co., CO, USA; 7. P. gigantea ♀,Grant Co., NM, USA; 8. P. gigantea ♁, Durango, MEX; 9. P. gigantea ♀, Chihuahua, MEX; 10. P. guatemala ♁ holotype, San Lorenzo, GUA; 11. P. guatemala ♀, Oaxaca, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771576/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Figs. 6-9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[253,285,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figures 44-49" captionStartId="33.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[141,1083,189,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figures 44-49. Panthea male genitalia 44. Lichnoptera decora, Queretero, MEX; 45. P. apanthea, El Paso Co., CO., USA; 46. P. judyae Grant Co., NM, USA; 47. P.reducta, Pedemales, DR; 48. P.gigantea, El Dorado Co., CA., USA, a. tip of uncus; 49. P. guatemala, Oaxaca MEX., a. tip of uncus, Oaxaca, b. tip of uncus, Chiapas, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771588/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">48</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[297,329,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figures 58-68" captionStartId="35.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[197,1038,190,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P.acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f.furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f.furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771594/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">60</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[341,370,1504,1530]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[140,174,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,988,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[141,1107,990,1634]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 70. Distribution of examined specimens of P. gigantea, P. guatemala, and P. reducta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771598/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">70</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[140,1028,1575,1672]" box="[140,577,1575,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,577,1575,1601]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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<treatmentCitation author="French GH" box="[140,572,1575,1601]" page="134" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" year="1890">
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<taxonomicName authority="French 1890: 134" authorityName="French." authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1890" box="[140,572,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis box="[140,359,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Platycerura gigantea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="French GH" box="[366,572,1575,1601]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" pagination="134 - 135" part="22" refId="ref17711" refString="French GH (1890) Some New Moths. Canadian Entomologist 22: 134 - 135." title="Some New Moths" type="journal article" year="1890">French 1890: 134</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="10.[140,1028,1575,1672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName authority="(French)" baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[140,432,1610,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis box="[140,325,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Panthea gigantea</emphasis>
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(French)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Smith JB" box="[444,625,1610,1636]" page="34" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" year="1891">
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" bookContentInfo="124 pp." box="[444,625,1610,1636]" journalOrPublisher="P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" refId="ref18485" refString="Smith JB (1891) List of Lepidoptera of boreal America. P. C. Stockhausen, Philadelphia, 124 pp." title="List of Lepidoptera of boreal America" type="book" year="1891">Smith 1891: 34</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Franclemont and Todd 1963: 134.
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<taxonomicName authority="(French)" baseAuthorityName="French" box="[140,456,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diphthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis box="[140,349,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Diphthera gigantea</emphasis>
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(French)
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</taxonomicName>
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; Draudt in Seitz 1924: 18.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="108" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1109,166,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,316,166,193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis box="[140,199,167,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="French." authorityYear="1890" box="[324,549,167,193]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis box="[324,549,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Platycerura gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610629302" collectingDate="1993-07-15" collectorName="R. A. Belmont" county="Larimer Co." latitude="40.371918" location="David Bruce" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-105.52742" municipality="French" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="neotype">
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was described by
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<collectingMunicipality box="[763,842,167,193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">French</collectingMunicipality>
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from a single male received from
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33:7832E5F25B5EFFE1183C03E42985FF33" box="[287,434,202,228]" county="Larimer Co." latitude="40.371918" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-105.52742" municipality="French" name="David Bruce" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Colorado">David Bruce</location>
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from
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<collectingRegion box="[511,622,202,228]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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, where he is known to have traveled and collected widely (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brown FM" box="[339,489,237,264]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" pagination="126 - 133" part="74" refId="ref17441" refString="Brown FM (1966) David Bruce (1833 - 1903) and Other Entomological Collectors in Colorado. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 74 (3): 126 - 133." title="David Bruce (1833 - 1903) and Other Entomological Collectors in Colorado" type="journal article" year="1966">Brown 1966</bibRefCitation>
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). A search for the type, which was retained by
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33:7832E5F25B5EFFE11D2603C32C63FED0" box="[1029,1108,237,263]" county="Larimer Co." latitude="40.371918" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-105.52742" municipality="French" name="French" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Colorado">French</location>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith JB" box="[148,289,272,298]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 424" part="44" refId="ref18508" refString="Smith JB (1893) Catalogue of the lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidea found in boreal America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 44: 1 - 424." title="Catalogue of the lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidea found in boreal America" type="journal article" year="1893">Smith 1893</bibRefCitation>
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), has been unsuccessful and it is apparently lost, possibly in the fire that destroyed much of his collection in 1892 (
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33:7832E5F25B5EFFE11BA3021D2ADCFE9A" box="[640,747,307,333]" county="Larimer Co." latitude="40.371918" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-105.52742" municipality="French" name="Southern" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Colorado">Southern</location>
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<collectingRegion box="[757,837,307,333]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Illinois</collectingRegion>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33:7832E5F25B5EFFE11A6D021D2C64FE9A" box="[846,1107,307,333]" county="Larimer Co." latitude="40.371918" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-105.52742" municipality="French" name="University Carbondale" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Colorado">University Carbondale</location>
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2009).
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F544023F5B5FFFE619AF06922C23FF33:7832E5F25B5EFFE119C2027928CAFEA6" box="[225,253,343,369]" county="Larimer Co." latitude="40.371918" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-105.52742" municipality="French" name="As" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" stateProvince="Colorado">As</location>
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it appears the present concept of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="French." authorityYear="1890" box="[647,770,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis box="[647,663,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[679,770,343,368]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">gigantea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may encompass more than a single taxon, the following
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<typeStatus box="[460,551,378,404]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">neotype</typeStatus>
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is designated to establish stability of the name:
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,241,413,439]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" reason="1">
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<typeStatus box="[140,241,413,439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Neotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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male –
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[334,348,413,439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">“</emphasis>
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CO [
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<collectingRegion box="[406,520,412,439]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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] /
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<collectingCounty box="[552,692,412,439]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Larimer Co.</collectingCounty>
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[County]”; “Estes Park [
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="22.315" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" precision="1" value="40.371918">40° 22.315' N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[169,354,448,475]" degrees="105" direction="west" minutes="31.645" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" precision="1" value="-105.52742">105° 31.645' W</geoCoordinate>
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] /
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<date box="[383,529,448,475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" value="1993-07-15">
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<collectingDate box="[383,529,448,475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" value="1993-07-15">15 July 1993</collectingDate>
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</date>
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/
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<collectorName box="[551,715,448,475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">R. A. Belmont</collectorName>
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/ UV BL”; “
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<typeStatus box="[854,989,448,474]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
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/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Packard" authorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Platycerura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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||
<taxonomicName authority="French" authorityName="French." authorityYear="1890" box="[204,383,483,509]" class="Insecta" family="Lepidoptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Platycerura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[204,295,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
French
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Anweiler 2009” [red label]; deposited in CNC. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1017,1108,484,510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">neotype</typeStatus>
|
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is a male missing the left antennae and showing minor greasing, but is otherwise in good condition.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1109,166,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,313,589,615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,308,589,615]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[326,520,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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||
<emphasis box="[326,520,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Panthea gigantea</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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is on average the largest New World species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[140,229,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[140,229,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Panthea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with some females having a wingspan in excess of
|
||
<quantity box="[823,886,624,651]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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. Only
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[967,1107,624,650]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemala">
|
||
<emphasis box="[967,1107,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P. guatemala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[316,401,659,685]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[462,586,659,685]" name="Guatemala" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
and some populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[894,1042,660,685]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginarius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,1042,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P. virginarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the western
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[277,332,695,721]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
overlap
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[428,545,695,720]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,545,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in size. The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[777,899,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[777,793,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[808,899,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized by the combination of large size (FW length 22-27.5 mm), dark gray-black, or graybrown (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[228,315,765,791]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
only) forewing and contrasting white hindwing, and can be separated from all other New World
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1820" box="[454,543,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,543,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Panthea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the unique bifurcate uncus. The female of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1100,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,231,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler" authorityYear="2009" box="[600,747,835,862]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemala">
|
||
<emphasis box="[600,616,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[634,747,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">guatemala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by range (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[876,962,835,862]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[140,174,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,988,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[141,1107,990,1634]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 70. Distribution of examined specimens of P. gigantea, P. guatemala, and P. reducta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771598/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
) and by the much less extensively sclerotized ductus bursae of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[716,840,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[716,732,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[749,840,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[856,940,871,898]" captionStart="Figures 58-68" captionStartId="35.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[197,1038,190,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P.acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f.furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f.furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
) and from the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[259,414,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginarius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[259,275,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[294,414,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">virginarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[432,518,906,933]" captionStart="Figures 58-68" captionStartId="35.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[197,1038,190,1416]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[140,1108,174,1453]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figures 58-68. Panthea female genitalia 58. P. apanthea, Coconino Co, AZ. USA; 59. P. judyae, Chihuahua, MEX; 60. P. gigantea, Chihuahua, MEX; 61. P. guatemala, Oaxaca, MEX; 62. P. virginarius, Missoula Co., MT., USA; 63. P.acronyctoides nigra, Teller Co., CO., USA;. 64. P. a. acronyctoides, Ashland Co., WI, USA; 65. P. f.furcilla, Windham Co., CT, USA; 66. P. f.furcilla-f. nigra intermediate, Dauphin Co., PA., USA; 67. P. furcilla australis, Whitfield Co., GA, USA; 68. Panthea greyi, Apache Co., AZ., USA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771594/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
) by the much larger and more heavily sclerotized sterigma of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[274,401,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[274,290,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[306,401,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,405,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1109,166,1672]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,499,976,1002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,336,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
and biology.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[510,700,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[510,700,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Panthea gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found throughout much of the warmer and drier regions of western North America from south-central
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[236,322,1047,1073]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
south to the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[575,680,1047,1073]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Durango</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[694,778,1047,1073]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from the Black Hills of South Dakota, western Nebraska and the Texas Panhandle west to Washington, Oregon and the coast of California (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[529,615,1117,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="36.[140,174,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,988,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[141,1107,990,1634]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Fig. 70. Distribution of examined specimens of P. gigantea, P. guatemala, and P. reducta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771598/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[637,824,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[637,824,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Panthea gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is replaced in the cooler and more humid Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountain regions by
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virginarius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P. virginarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[246,435,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[246,435,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Panthea gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is associated with Ponderosa pine forest (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dougl." authorityName="Dougl." class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ponderosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[929,1107,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Pinus ponderosa</emphasis>
|
||
Dougl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[ex Laws.]), and Ponderosa pine is the only known larval host. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duncan RW" bookContentInfo="259 pp." box="[941,1103,1223,1249]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" refId="ref17541" refString="Duncan RW (2006) Conifer Defoliators of British Columbia. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 259 pp." title="Conifer Defoliators of British Columbia" type="book" year="2006">Duncan 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Anweiler unpub.). The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[495,611,1259,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[495,611,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was illustrated in color by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duncan RW" bookContentInfo="259 pp." box="[915,1095,1258,1285]" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" refId="ref17541" refString="Duncan RW (2006) Conifer Defoliators of British Columbia. Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 259 pp." title="Conifer Defoliators of British Columbia" type="book" year="2006">Duncan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1109,166,1672]" lastBlockId="12.[140,1107,167,228]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,1293,1319]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,293,1293,1319]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Compared to material from farther north and west, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">P. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Arizona and New
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[502,586,1328,1354]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
show differences in the genitalia of both sexes, including in the proportions and shape of the valve in the male and the width and length of the ductus bursae in the female. DNA ‘barcode’ fragment data of
|
||
<emphasis box="[987,1036,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
mtD- NA for
|
||
<specimenCount box="[230,367,1434,1460]" pageId="11" pageNumber="108" type="generic">6 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from Arizona and New
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[646,730,1434,1460]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
show a mean difference of about 1.7 % from two specimens from Idaho and British Columbia, and sequence from a single specimen from west central California is about 1.8 % divergent from the Idaho- British Columbia samples and about 0.8 % divergent from the Arizona-New
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1024,1108,1539,1565]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="108">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
samples (Anweiler unpublished data). The forewings of the four Mexican specimens examined are gray brown instead of gray black with a less “powdery” appearance, so the antemedial, medial and postmedial lines contrast much more prominently than on non-Mexican material (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[409,519,167,193]" captionStart="Figures 1-11" captionStartId="30.[140,222,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[137,1111,165,1475]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 1-11. Panthea adults 1. P. apanthea ♁ holotype, White Mountains, AZ, USA; 2. P. apanthea ♀, Coconino Co., AZ, USA; 3. P. reducta ♁ holotype, Pedemales N.P., DR; 4. P. judyae ♁, Grant Co., NM, USA; 5. P. judyae ♀, Cochise Co., AZ, USA; 6. P. gigantea ♁ neotype, Larimer Co., CO, USA; 7. P. gigantea ♀,Grant Co., NM, USA; 8. P. gigantea ♁, Durango, MEX; 9. P. gigantea ♀, Chihuahua, MEX; 10. P. guatemala ♁ holotype, San Lorenzo, GUA; 11. P. guatemala ♀, Oaxaca, MEX." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3771576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3771576/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="109">Figs. 8, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional and more recent material is needed in order to evaluate the taxonomic status of these different
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="French" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[774,895,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[774,790,203,228]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="109">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,895,203,228]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="109">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |