459 lines
58 KiB
XML
459 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="E2CA1EC90DC27C19402FF420A257D39C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13875827" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1727821289055" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pérez, Álvaro J., Persson, Claes, Zapata, Nicolás, Mashburn, Brock & Vázquez-García, J. Antonio" docDate="2020" docId="1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.428.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 428 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Magnolia lozanoi Vazquez & Castro-Arce 2012" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="261" masterDocId="E44DBF7DFFD07605FFC8FFDEFFE5FF86" masterDocTitle="Magnolia lozanoi (Magnolia subsect. Dugandiodendron, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian “ tepuis ” in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining" masterLastPageNumber="262" masterPageNumber="255" pageNumber="258" updateTime="1727825321835" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="22D9093254FA4148158E758F8DDC6F51">Magnolia lozanoi (Magnolia subsect. Dugandiodendron, Magnoliaceae) rediscovered on Ecuadorian “ tepuis ” in Reserva Biológica El Quimi, Cordillera del Cóndor: critically endangered by open-pit mining</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2F8F3744BD660F83D409C34494C6E4A2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="320F67166DA1BF232AC0E7F62330526C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="858AF9680ABDFFC9EBC2B6633B1BCECB">Pérez, Álvaro J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="23A690D971679F0CA8B5A8339A108337">Herbario QCA, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3EB0B88AE5F517086DF650EAB47E2F1C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0420D93311DB120B7D200746543FD704">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9495DF5D80D15655F0C00520147128D9">Persson, Claes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0E309FC5FC7EA7051226D23191FE9E7">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P. O. Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D39AB126799D9FE8AF55F25E4DD158D4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="475543697C3A46B8535C51C74C9CE3B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AC6AFA8B353068983D6CEF720121CB8D">Zapata, Nicolás</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="447A613BCD5F028655D91F6CEB60B218">Herbario QCA, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FAE627E6CA5D323C3338A19A2BC92A43">Mashburn, Brock</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8BE92A1548556ABECC8CD4A1C1018813">Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="5CD99960CE5A8E452082E38F577F6C58" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="30775BABD2013EDD99719C2633F10F6C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7F9336EB980A9964B37C75DF46FD7EF5">Vázquez-García, J. Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4073D25DED5B9C5E227B8F6188840401">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D316E7D701D5439DA1EC3BA3B033F30C">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="84AD6F5AE4B47BE1B944E9E407F22269">
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<mods:date id="5D43FD29551D650EDD7AF2C051DB484E">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7189F949F51B5F3ADF917FB64B88B944">2020-01-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4B27C2DD2F50283B68C577CEA289D5A7">428</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B9048591ABA5AA3C25CF2A956168DF86">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D267534FB069A47B4DE4001C134483C0">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.6</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="BC9D63B20EB7446CB6E562053698A4DB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E05A49A42347E08F5D6F1729CD3AE410" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.428.3.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F66E98C6C9707D4D38B92787FACCF045" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<subSubSection id="D8C72598FFD37606FF40FDEAFD1CFDC8" box="[136,761,564,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="90627613FFD37606FF40FDEAFD1CFDC8" blockId="3.[136,761,564,591]" box="[136,761,564,591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<heading id="CB2AC17FFFD37606FF40FDEAFD1CFDC8" box="[136,761,564,591]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FF40FDEAFD11FDC8" ID-CoL="6QTJW" authority="Vazquez & Castro-Arce (2012: 114)" authorityName="Vazquez & Castro-Arce" authorityPageNumber="114" authorityYear="2012" box="[136,756,564,591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
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<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FF40FDEAFEB6FDC9" bold="true" box="[136,339,564,591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Magnolia lozanoi</emphasis>
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Vázquez & Castro-Arce (2012: 114)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8C72598FFD37606FF75FD86FD01F900" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="90627613FFD37606FF75FD86FEDBFD58" blockId="3.[136,1452,600,2067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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<materialsCitation id="20B57C4EFFD37606FF75FD86FEDFFD58" collectingDate="1993-07-25" collectionCode="WIS, MO, F, QCNE" collectorName="Reserva Biologica El Quimi" country="Ecuador" elevation="2090" latitude="-3.45" location="Gualaquiza" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-78.36667" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD37606FED0FD86FE41FDF4" box="[280,420,600,626]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="5219B8F1FFD37606FE7DFD86FD9BFDF4" box="[437,638,600,626]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
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||
: Gualaquiza Cantón, Campamento Achupalla (
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<collectorName id="3D2813C5FFD37606FB65FD86FF31FD10" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Reserva Biológica El Quimi</collectorName>
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||
),
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="7006EC69FFD37606FF2EFDA2FE39FD10" box="[230,476,636,662]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Cordillera del Cóndor</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FE2FFDA2FDC8FD10" box="[487,557,636,663]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
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east of
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<location id="950220C8FFD37606FD4AFDA2FCE1FD10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B:950220C8FFD37606FD4AFDA2FCE1FD10" box="[642,772,636,662]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.45" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-78.36667" municipality="Cordillera del Condor" name="Gualaquiza" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">Gualaquiza</location>
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, open bromeliad sward with scattered shrubs and small trees,
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||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FF40FD7EFF3AFD3D" box="[136,223,672,699]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="2090.0">
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<elevation id="1BF09120FFD37606FF40FD7EFF3AFD3D" box="[136,223,672,699]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="2090.0">2090 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F5E910D4FFD37606FF22FD7EFEDFFD3C" box="[234,314,672,698]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" precision="925" value="-3.45">3°27´S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F5E910D4FFD37606FE8EFD7EFE48FD3C" box="[326,429,672,698]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" precision="925" value="-78.36667">78°22´W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<date id="E46350D3FFD37606FE70FD7EFDDCFD3C" box="[440,569,672,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" value="1993-07-25">
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<collectingDate id="F427A93BFFD37606FE70FD7EFDDCFD3C" box="[440,569,672,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" value="1993-07-25">25 Jul 1993</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(fl bud),
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||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FD6AFD7EFCD9FD3C" box="[674,828,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Gentry 80443</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F66C8B1FFD37606FC82FD7EFC57FD3C" box="[842,946,672,698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD37606FC74FD7EFC1DFD3C" box="[956,1016,672,698]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15628" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15628" name="University of Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="Herbarium">WIS</collectionCode>
|
||
!;
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F66C8B1FFD37606FBCFFD7EFB82FD3C" box="[1031,1127,672,698]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD37606FBB9FD7EFB44FD3D" box="[1137,1185,672,699]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
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||
!-6143527,
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||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD37606FAE8FD7EFAD4FD3C" box="[1312,1329,672,698]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
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||
!-2140379,
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||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD37606FF40FD1AFF3EFD58" box="[136,219,708,734]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
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||
!-92267)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="90627613FFD37606FF75FD37FF57FB7D" blockId="3.[136,1452,600,2067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
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Trees
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<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FEC9FD36FEB3FC85" box="[257,342,744,771]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="7.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.0">3–12 m</quantity>
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||
tall, up to
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||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FE05FD36FDF7FC85" box="[461,530,744,771]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
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dbh; bark gray with fine longitudinal fissures; twig internodes
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||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FB1BFD36FA89FC85" box="[1235,1388,744,771]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.725" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.35">0.35–1.10 cm</quantity>
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||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FF40FCD2FEC6FCA1" box="[136,291,780,807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.3">0.30–0.80 cm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, densely creamy yellowish pubescent. Leaves with petioles 0.7–1.3 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FB1FFCD2FABCFCA1" box="[1239,1369,780,807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3 cm</quantity>
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||
, terete, pubescent to glabrous, blades elliptic to obovate, 4.5–9.5 × 2.5–5.0 cm, apex slightly acuminate, base cuneate, margin entire, adaxially with hairs along the midvein, abaxially appressed-pilose, densely creamy yellowish pubescent, mature leaves with black spots or completely black below caused by a fungus, lateral veins 15–18 on each side of midvein, inconspicuous, midvein impressed above, prominent beneath, stipules 3.0–7.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FBCBFC42FB67FC31" box="[1027,1154,924,951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, densely creamy yellowish pubescent, darker hairs on stem. Flowers 5.0–6.0 cm in diam., terminal, solitary, fragrant, peduncle
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FB25FC1EFA8EFC5D" box="[1261,1387,960,987]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, bud ellipsoid, 1.9–2.7 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FE69FC3AFDC1FC79" box="[417,548,996,1023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, hypsophylls 3, persistent, ovate-oblong, whitish green, abaxially covered with creamy yellowish pubescence, 2.3–2.7 × 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FD4AFBD6FD2AFBA5" box="[642,719,1032,1059]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, sepals 3, white, ovate-oblong and gradually narrower towards the base, glabrous, apex obtuse to rounded, base rounded, 2.7–3.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FCABFBF2FC01FBC1" box="[867,996,1068,1095]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, petals 6, white, navicular, ovate-oblong and gradually narrower towards the base, the three outer ones 2.6–2.8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FC7DFB8EFBD0FBED" box="[949,1077,1104,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.5 cm</quantity>
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||
, inner petals 2.4–2.6 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FAF4FB8EFA42FBED" box="[1340,1447,1104,1131]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="1.0">1–1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
, stamens 50–72, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FEADFBAAFE54FB09" box="[357,433,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, the connective
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FD6AFBAAFD0BFB09" box="[674,750,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.4">0.4 cm</quantity>
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||
long, brittle and entangled, gynoecium, 1.0–1.2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FAEFFBAAFA42FB09" box="[1319,1447,1140,1167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
, elliptic, densely tomentose, stigma
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FDD0FB46FD80FB35" box="[536,613,1176,1203]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.2">0.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, whitish green. Fruits globose, green with densely creamy yellowish pubescent, 2.0–2.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FE48FB62FDE7FB51" box="[384,514,1212,1239]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
, with 2–8 carpels, seeds 1–2 per carpel, sub-prismatic, angled, 0.7–0.8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FA9FFB62FF4BFB7D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="cm" value="0.85" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.8">0.8–0.9 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD37606FF75FADAFD01F900" blockId="3.[136,1452,600,2067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FF75FADAFD45FA98" bold="true" box="[189,672,1284,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Eponymy, discovery and ethnobotany:—</emphasis>
|
||
This species is named after Gustavo Lozano-Contreras, an outstanding Colombian scholar and leading authority for decades in the systematics of Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FBA3FAF6FAE9FAC4" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1131,1292,1320,1346]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In his career, he described 34 new taxa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FE18FA92FD88FAE0" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[464,621,1356,1382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Magnoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD37606FDB4FA92FC69FAE0" author="Lozano-Contreras, G." box="[636,908,1356,1382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" refId="ref3820" refString="Lozano-Contreras, G. (1994) Dugandiodendron y Talauma (Magnoliaceae) en el Neotropico. Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Bogota, 147 pp." type="book" year="1994">Lozano-Contreras 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD37606FC50FA92FBA3FAE0" author="Gonzalez, F." box="[920,1094,1356,1382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="343 - 344" refId="ref3547" refString="Gonzalez, F. (2001) Gustavo Lozano-Contreras Bogota, 22 de Mayo de 1938 - Bogota, 10 de Julio de 2000. Caldasia 23: 343 - 344." type="journal article" year="2001">González 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD37606FB9AFA92FB13FAE0" author="Parra-O., C." box="[1106,1270,1356,1382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="345 - 350" refId="ref4173" refString="Parra-O., C. (2001) Publicaciones de Gustavo Lozano-Contreras (1938 - 2000) durante su carrera como botanico en el Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Caldasia 23: 345 - 350." type="journal article" year="2001">Parra-O, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FF6EFAAFFEFBFA0C" box="[166,286,1392,1418]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FF6EFAAFFEFBFA0C" box="[166,286,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">M. lozanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred in 1993 during the first scientific exploration to the Cordillera del Cóndor by researchers from Conservation International and Escuela Politécnica Nacional del
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD37606FCB0FA4AFC32FA28" box="[888,983,1428,1454]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, arriving by helicopter, with the support from the Ecuadorian Army (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD37606FE04FA66FCF8FA54" author="Schulenberg, T. S. & Awbrey, K." box="[460,797,1464,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" refId="ref4525" refString="Schulenberg, T. S. & Awbrey, K. (1997) The Cordillera del Condor region of Ecuador and Peru: a biological assessment. RAP Working Papers 7. Conservation International, Washington, DC, 231 pp." type="book" year="1997">Schulenberg & Awbrey 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Al Gentry, the leading botanist of the expedition, made two collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FE95FA03FE33FA70" box="[349,470,1500,1526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FE95FA03FE33FA70" box="[349,470,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">M. lozanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the 26 years since these first collections, the species was not collected again until recently by the first author and colleagues (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08E66A96FFD37606FDA1F9DEFD53F99C" box="[617,694,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,187,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-19@1.[178,1410,187,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Magnolia lozanoi. A. Habit. B. Branch showing the underside of the leaves covered by a black mycelium.C. Flower in female phase. D. Flower in male phase. E. Leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae, Alticinae) foraging on the stamens and stigmas. F. Fruits. (A, B, C and F from Pérez et al. 11419, D from Pérez et al. 11421, E from Pérez et al. 11461, all QCA). Photographs by Álvaro J. Pérez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875829/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="08E66A96FFD37606FD0BF9DEFD37F99C" box="[707,722,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1499,1521]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,197,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1435,190,1474]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Magnolia lozanoi in the Cordillera del Cóndor, Morona-Santiago, southeastern Ecuador." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875835/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="08E66A96FFD37606FD17F9DEFD15F99C" box="[735,752,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,190,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[181,1406,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitat of Magnolia lozanoi in the Cordillera del Cóndor, El Quimi Biological Reserve. A, B and C. Broad plateau of the Hollín sandstone formation, the so-called Andean “tepui”. B and C. Open tepui-like bromeliad sward and elfin forest. A and B from the photographic archive of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, RAP 1993. C by Álvaro J. Pérez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875837/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FCCBF9DEFC2CF99C" box="[771,969,1536,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FCCBF9DEFC2CF99C" box="[771,969,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Magnolia lozanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first described by the second author of this article six years ago based on Gentry’s specimens. This fact illustrates the importance of herbaria as repositories of undescribed species, particularly in connection with field exploration through RAP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD37606FB9FF996FAC9F9E4" author="Alonso, L. E. & Deichmann, J. L. & McKenna, S. A. & Naskrecki, P. & Richards, S. J." box="[1111,1324,1608,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" refId="ref3121" refString="Alonso, L. E., Deichmann, J. L., McKenna, S. A., Naskrecki, P. & Richards, S. J. (Eds.) (2011) Still counting ...: biodiversity exploration for conservation - the first 20 years of the rapid assessment program. Conservation International, Arlington, 316 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Alonso
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FB79F997FB0CF9E4" box="[1201,1257,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No use or vernacular names have been recorded for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8C72598FFD37603FF75F94EFC0EFC9B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD37606FF75F94EFA7EF794" blockId="3.[136,1452,600,2067]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FF75F94EFD91F92C" bold="true" box="[189,628,1680,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Distribution, habitat and ecology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic to the Cordillera del Cóndor,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD37606FBFFF94EFB73F92C" box="[1079,1174,1680,1706]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in El Quimi Biological Reserve in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5219B8F1FFD37606FEC4F96AFDDBF948" box="[268,574,1716,1742]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Morona-Santiago Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
and known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F66C8B1FFD37606FCB1F96BFC4CF949" box="[889,937,1717,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and surrounding areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08E66A96FFD37606FAE9F96AFA8DF948" box="[1313,1384,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1499,1521]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,197,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1435,190,1474]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution of Magnolia lozanoi in the Cordillera del Cóndor, Morona-Santiago, southeastern Ecuador." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875835/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The locality is a broad plateau with quartzitic sandstones of the Hollín Formation, referred to in recent literature as an Andean tepui (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD37606FEE3F922FE01F890" author="Neill, D. A. & Rios Paredes, M. & Torres Montenengro, L. A. & Mori Vargas, T. J. & Vriesendorp, C." box="[299,484,1788,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" pagination="98 - 119" refId="ref4021" refString="Neill, D. A., Rios Paredes, M., Torres Montenengro, L. A., Mori Vargas, T. J. & Vriesendorp, C. (2014) Vegetacion y flora / Vegetation and flora. In: Pitman, N., Vriesendorp, C., Alvira, D., Markel, J. A., Johnston, M., Ruelas Inzunza, E., Lancha Pizango, A., Sarmiento Valenzuela, G., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Homan, J., Wachter, T., del Campo, A., Stotz, D. F. & Heilpern, S. (Eds.) Peru: Cordillera Escalera-Loreto. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 26. The Field Museum, Chicago, pp. 98 - 119." type="book chapter" year="2014">
|
||
Neill
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD37606FEA2F923FE7FF890" box="[362,410,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is in reference to its similarity with the tepuis of the Guiana Shield (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD37606FADDF922FA7AF891" author="Huber, O." box="[1301,1439,1788,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" refId="ref3637" refString="Huber, O. (1995) Geographical and physical features. In: Berry, P. E., Holst, B. K. & Yatskievych, K. (Eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 1: introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, 62 pp." type="book" year="1995">Huber 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The habitat is an open tepui-like bromeliad sward and elfin forest at
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD37606FC5EF8FEFBD7F8BD" box="[918,1074,1824,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="1900.0">1900–2200 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="08E66A96FFD37606FB8BF8FEFB6CF8BC" box="[1091,1161,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,190,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[181,1406,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitat of Magnolia lozanoi in the Cordillera del Cóndor, El Quimi Biological Reserve. A, B and C. Broad plateau of the Hollín sandstone formation, the so-called Andean “tepui”. B and C. Open tepui-like bromeliad sward and elfin forest. A and B from the photographic archive of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, RAP 1993. C by Álvaro J. Pérez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875837/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Approximately
|
||
<specimenCount id="86DBBD9AFFD37606FA87F8FEFA4EF8BC" box="[1359,1451,1824,1850]" count="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" type="adult">20 adult</specimenCount>
|
||
individuals were observed but no seedlings or juveniles. According to the Ministerio del Ambiente de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD37606FB3EF89AFAB6F8D8" box="[1270,1363,1860,1886]" name="Ecuador" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(2013), this locality lies within a much larger zone dominated by evergreen mountain forest of sandstone plains of Cordillera del Cóndor (bosque siempreverde montano sobre mesetas de arenisca de la Cordillera del
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FBABF852FAEFF820" authority=", BsMa" authorityName="BsMa" box="[1123,1290,1932,1958]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Droseraceae" genus="Drosera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condor">Cóndor, BsMa</taxonomicName>
|
||
01). Regarding animal interactions, leaf beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FE34F86EFD4FF84C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[508,682,1968,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD37606FD7CF86EFCF8F84C" box="[692,797,1968,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Alticinae">Alticinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were seen foraging on the stamens and stigmas, possibly acting as pollinators (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08E66A96FFD37606FEB6F80AFE27F868" box="[382,450,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,187,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-19@1.[178,1410,187,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Magnolia lozanoi. A. Habit. B. Branch showing the underside of the leaves covered by a black mycelium.C. Flower in female phase. D. Flower in male phase. E. Leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae, Alticinae) foraging on the stamens and stigmas. F. Fruits. (A, B, C and F from Pérez et al. 11419, D from Pérez et al. 11421, E from Pérez et al. 11461, all QCA). Photographs by Álvaro J. Pérez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875829/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Another finding was the identification of a fungus (Basidiomycota) that grows on the pubescence on the underside of mature leaves, making them black, a character mentioned in the protologue (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08E66A96FFD37606FA81F826FA6FF794" box="[1353,1418,2040,2066]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,187,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-19@1.[178,1410,187,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Magnolia lozanoi. A. Habit. B. Branch showing the underside of the leaves covered by a black mycelium.C. Flower in female phase. D. Flower in male phase. E. Leaf beetle (Chrysomelidae, Alticinae) foraging on the stamens and stigmas. F. Fruits. (A, B, C and F from Pérez et al. 11419, D from Pérez et al. 11421, E from Pérez et al. 11461, all QCA). Photographs by Álvaro J. Pérez." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875829" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875829/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="258">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4A2269BFFD47601FF40FA05FB0CFA77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13875835" box="[136,1257,1499,1521]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875835/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" startId="4.[136,229,1499,1521]" targetBox="[157,1430,197,1470]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD47601FF40FA05FB0CFA77" blockId="4.[136,1257,1499,1521]" box="[136,1257,1499,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FF40FA05FF12FA76" bold="true" box="[136,247,1499,1521]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD47601FE5FFA05FDA7FA76" box="[407,578,1499,1520]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FE5FFA05FDA7FA76" box="[407,578,1499,1520]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Magnolia lozanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Cordillera del
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD47601FCC6FA05FBE9FA77" authority=", Morona-Santiago" authorityName="Morona-Santiago" box="[782,1036,1499,1521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Droseraceae" genus="Drosera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condor">Cóndor, Morona-Santiago</taxonomicName>
|
||
, southeastern Ecuador.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD47601FF75F9FEFCA0F9BC" blockId="4.[136,1452,1568,2062]" box="[189,837,1568,1594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FF75F9FEFEBAF9BC" bold="true" box="[189,351,1568,1594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Phenology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD47601FF75F99AFB88F8DC" blockId="4.[136,1452,1568,2062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FF75F99AFE34F9D8" bold="true" box="[189,465,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FDA7F99AFCB0F9D8" author="Rivers, M. & Beech, E. & Murphy, L. & Oldfield, S." box="[623,853,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref4297" refString="Rivers, M., Beech, E., Murphy, L. & Oldfield, S. (2016 a) The Red List of Magnoliaceae - revised and extended. BGCI, Richmond, 60 pp." type="book" year="2016">
|
||
Rivers
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FD09F99BFD11F9D8" box="[705,756,1604,1630]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FCA9F99AFC4EF9D8" author="Rivers, M. C. & Wheeler, L. & Perez Castaneda, A." box="[865,939,1604,1630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref4337" refString="Rivers, M. C., Wheeler, L. & Perez Castaneda, A. (2016 b) Magnolia lozanoi. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 67513550 A 67513748. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 1. RLTS. T 67513550 A 67513748. en. (accessed 27 June 2019)." type="book" year="2016">2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species was originally assessed as data deficient (DD;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FEFAF9B6FE5EF904" author="IUCN, International Union & Conservation of Nature & Cambridge, IUCN" box="[306,443,1640,1666]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref3696" refString="IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria, version 3.1, second edition. Gland and Cambridge, IUCN, iv + 32 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on these new findings, as well as the imminent threat of nearby mining activities, and following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FEE6F952FE23F920" author="IUCN" box="[302,454,1676,1702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref3731" refString="IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria, version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / redlistGuidelines. pdf (accessed 27 June 2019)" type="book" year="2017">IUCN (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria, we suggest raising its status to critically endangered (CR). This extremely rare species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F66C8B1FFD47601FE3CF96EFDC1F94C" box="[500,548,1712,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and surrounding areas in El Quimi Biological Reserve and is currently threatened by an ongoing open-pit copper mine from the Mirador project, which has already caused deforestation of an area of about 1300 hectares (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FE23F926FD0AF894" author="Mazabanda, C. & Kemper, R. & Thieme, A. & Hettler, B. & Finer, M." box="[491,751,1784,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref3906" refString="Mazabanda, C., Kemper, R., Thieme, A., Hettler, B. & Finer, M. (2018) Impacts of mining project " Mirador " in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Available from: https: // maaproject. org / mirador-ecuador / (accessed 2 July 2019)" type="url" year="2018">
|
||
Mazabanda
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FDBDF927FD42F894" box="[629,679,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FD32F926FC16F894" author="Vandegrift, R. & Thomas, D. C. & Roy, B. A. & Levy, M." box="[762,1011,1784,1810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref4568" refString="Vandegrift, R., Thomas, D. C., Roy, B. A. & Levy, M. (2018) Alcance de las concesiones mineras recientes en Ecuador. Rainforest Information Center, Nimbin, New South Wales, Australia, 7 pp. Available from: https: // ecuadorendangered. com / wp-content / uploads / 2018 / 01 / RIC-Mapping-Report-v 1.1 - 20180117 - esp. pdf (accessed 2 July 2019)" type="book" year="2018">
|
||
Vandegrift
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FCBFF927FC4AF894" box="[887,943,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Urgent awareness more generally and in the Ministerio del Ambiente de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD47601FDC6F8C2FD8EF8B0" box="[526,619,1820,1846]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
is needed. Financial support for a continuous protection, monitoring, and conservation programme is urgently needed for this area of great conservation relevance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD47601FF75F8BAFEE5F788" blockId="4.[136,1452,1568,2062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FF75F8BAFE60F8F8" bold="true" box="[189,389,1892,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Relationships:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD47601FE4DF8BAFDAEF8F8" box="[389,587,1892,1918]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FE4DF8BAFDAEF8F8" box="[389,587,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Magnolia lozanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to subsection
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD47601FC83F8BAFBF2F8F8" box="[843,1047,1892,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" rank="subSection" subSection="Dugandiodendron">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FC83F8BAFBF2F8F8" box="[843,1047,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Dugandiodendron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is morphologically similar to the Colombian species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD47601FEACF856FBE1F824" authority="(Lozano-Contreras 1975: 33) Govaerts" authorityName="Govaerts" baseAuthorityName="Lozano-Contreras" baseAuthorityPageNumber="33" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[356,1028,1928,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mahechae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD47601FEACF856FDAFF824" box="[356,586,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Magnolia mahechae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FD90F856FC6AF824" author="Lozano-Contreras, G." box="[600,911,1928,1955]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="27 - 50" refId="ref3797" refString="Lozano-Contreras, G. (1975) Contribucion al estudio de las Magnoliaceae de Colombia. Caldasia 11: 27 - 50." type="journal article" year="1975">Lozano-Contreras 1975: 33</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) Govaerts
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F44C0BE2FFD47601FBE0F856FA99F824" author="Frodin, D. G. & Govaerts, R." box="[1064,1404,1928,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref3429" refString="Frodin, D. G. & Govaerts, R. (1996) World checklist and bibliography of Magnoliaceae. Kew Publishing, Richmond, 79 pp." type="book" year="1996">Frodin & Govaerts (1996: 71)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but differs from the latter in being shorter (3–12 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD47601FD61F872FCEAF840" box="[681,783,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 m</quantity>
|
||
), having smaller obovate leaf blades (4.5–9.5 × 2.5–5.0 cm vs. elliptic 11.8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD47601FE9AF80EFE47F86C" box="[338,418,2000,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="cm" value="4.7">4.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
), shorter petioles (
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD47601FDB8F80EFD0AF86C" box="[624,751,2000,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long vs.
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD47601FC9EF80EFC47F86C" box="[854,930,2000,2026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long) and sparse long black hairs on the twigs (vs. none).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4A2269BFFD57600FF40F87FFC1CF878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13875837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13875837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13875837/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" startId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[181,1405,190,1923]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD57600FF40F87FFC1CF878" blockId="5.[136,1451,1953,2048]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD57600FF40F87FFF1CF830" bold="true" box="[136,249,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD57600FEA7F87FFDFEF830" box="[367,539,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Magnoliaceae" genus="Magnolia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lozanoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD57600FEA7F87FFDFEF830" box="[367,539,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Magnolia lozanoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Cordillera del
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD57600FD25F87FFC7EF831" authority=", El Quimi" authorityName="El Quimi" box="[749,923,1953,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Droseraceae" genus="Drosera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="condor">Cóndor, El Quimi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Biological Reserve. A, B and C. Broad plateau of the Hollín sandstone formation, the so-called Andean “tepui”. B and C. Open tepui-like bromeliad sward and elfin forest. A and B from the photographic archive of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, RAP 1993. C by Álvaro J. Pérez.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD67603FF75FF40FEF2FEEA" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FF75FF40FDBCFF3E" bold="true" box="[189,601,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Additional specimens examined:—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20B57C4EFFD67603FD91FF40FD99FE86" collectingDate="1993-07-23" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="Gualaquiza Canton & Campamento Achupalla & Reserva Biologica El Quimi" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera del Condor" elevation="2100" latitude="-3.45" location="Gentry" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-78.36667" municipality="Gualaquiza" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD67603FD91FF40FD01FF3E" box="[601,740,158,184]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5219B8F1FFD67603FD25FF40FC53FF3E" box="[749,950,158,184]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="3D2813C5FFD67603FC76FF40FB73FF3E" box="[958,1174,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Gualaquiza Cantón</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="3D2813C5FFD67603FB57FF40FA4EFF3E" box="[1183,1451,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Campamento Achupalla</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="3D2813C5FFD67603FF58FF1CFE3BFF5A" box="[144,478,194,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Reserva Biológica El Quimi</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79030E9FFFD67603FE3DFF1CFD11FF5A" box="[501,756,194,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Cordillera del Cóndor</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD67603FCCBFF1CFCABFF5A" box="[771,846,194,221]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
east of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7006EC69FFD67603FC79FF1CFBD6FF5A" box="[945,1075,194,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Gualaquiza</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, transect # 2,
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD67603FB16FF1CFADCFF5B" box="[1246,1337,194,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="2100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1BF09120FFD67603FB16FF1CFADCFF5B" box="[1246,1337,194,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5E910D4FFD67603FA80FF1CFA42FF5A" box="[1352,1447,194,220]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="925" value="-3.45">03°27’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5E910D4FFD67603FF40FF38FF0AFE86" box="[136,239,230,256]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="925" value="-78.36667">78°22’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E46350D3FFD67603FF31FF38FE6CFE86" box="[249,393,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="1993-07-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F427A93BFFD67603FF31FF38FE6CFE86" box="[249,393,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="1993-07-23">23 July 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FE5AFF39FDCEFE86" box="[402,555,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<location id="950220C8FFD67603FE5AFF39FE05FE87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B:950220C8FFD67603FE5AFF39FE05FE87" box="[402,480,231,257]" country="Ecuador" county="Cordillera del Condor" latitude="-3.45" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-78.36667" municipality="Gualaquiza" name="Gentry" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">Gentry</location>
|
||
80383
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD67603FDF1FF38FD8AFE86" box="[569,623,230,256]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20B57C4EFFD67603FD4EFF38FDE7FECE" collectingDate="2019-01-23" collectionCode="QCA" collectorName="Parroquia Bomboiza & Reserva Biologica El Quimi" country="Ecuador" county="Rio Cristalino" elevation="2050" latitude="-3.5180554" location="Perez" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.391106" municipality="Peru" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="3D2813C5FFD67603FD4EFF38FC8BFE86" box="[646,878,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Parroquia Bomboiza</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="3D2813C5FFD67603FCBFFF39FB54FE86" box="[887,1201,230,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Reserva Biológica El Quimi</collectorName>
|
||
, sendero y alrededores entre el campamento
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79030E9FFFD67603FEBFFED4FDF1FEA2" box="[375,532,266,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Río Cristalino</collectingCounty>
|
||
y la frontera con
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7006EC69FFD67603FD10FED4FCEBFEA2" box="[728,782,266,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Perú</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="5725DBF6FFD67603FCD0FED4FC50FEA3" box="[792,949,266,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="1900.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1BF09120FFD67603FCD0FED4FC50FEA3" box="[792,949,266,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" unit="m" value="2050.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="1900.0">1900–2200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5E910D4FFD67603FC08FED4FBA2FEA3" box="[960,1095,266,293]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-3.5180554">03°31’05”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5E910D4FFD67603FB9AFED4FB04FEA2" box="[1106,1249,266,292]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-78.391106">78°23’28”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E46350D3FFD67603FB24FED4FA42FEA2" box="[1260,1447,266,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2019-01-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F427A93BFFD67603FB24FED4FA42FEA2" box="[1260,1447,266,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2019-01-23">23 January 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FF40FEF1FEB5FECE" box="[136,336,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<location id="950220C8FFD67603FF40FEF1FF22FECF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B:950220C8FFD67603FF40FEF1FF22FECF" box="[136,199,303,329]" country="Ecuador" county="Rio Cristalino" latitude="-3.5180554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.391106" municipality="Peru" name="Perez" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Pérez</location>
|
||
et al. 11419
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FE95FEF0FE44FECE" box="[349,417,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">11421</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD67603FE78FEF0FE10FECE" box="[432,501,302,328]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20B57C4EFFD67603FDC5FEF0FBA8FECE" box="[525,1101,302,329]" collectingDate="2019-01-24" collectionCode="QCA" country="Ecuador" location="Perez" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<date id="E46350D3FFD67603FDC5FEF0FD2DFECE" box="[525,712,302,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2019-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F427A93BFFD67603FDC5FEF0FD2DFECE" box="[525,712,302,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2019-01-24">24 January 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FD1BFEF1FC7FFECE" box="[723,922,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<location id="950220C8FFD67603FD1BFEF1FCF7FECF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1874C705FFD37603FF40FDEAFC0EFC9B:950220C8FFD67603FD1BFEF1FCF7FECF" box="[723,786,303,329]" country="Ecuador" name="Perez" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Pérez</location>
|
||
et al. 11440
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FC60FEF0FC09FECE" box="[936,1004,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">11461</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD67603FC33FEF0FBA5FECE" box="[1019,1088,302,328]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20B57C4EFFD67603FB90FEF0FEF1FEEA" collectingDate="2019-01-24" collectionCode="QCA" country="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<date id="E46350D3FFD67603FB90FEF0FAF6FECE" box="[1112,1299,302,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2019-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F427A93BFFD67603FB90FEF0FAF6FECE" box="[1112,1299,302,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2019-01-24">24 January 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FAD6FEF1FF57FEEA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD67603FAD6FEF1FA88FECE" authorityName="Bruner" authorityYear="1904" box="[1310,1389,303,328]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Zapata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zapata</taxonomicName>
|
||
et al. 551
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6CCEED6FFD67603FF0AFE8CFEEDFEEA" box="[194,264,338,364]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="90627613FFD67603FF75FEA8FC0EFC9B" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FF75FEA8FE49FE16" bold="true" box="[189,428,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Acknowledgements.</emphasis>
|
||
Fieldwork was granted by the Ministry of the Environment of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD67603FB57FEA8FB19FE16" box="[1183,1276,374,400]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(003-2019-IC- FLO-DNB/MAE). AJP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD67603FE55FE45FE27FE33" box="[413,450,411,437]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">NZ</collectingCountry>
|
||
and CP express their gratitude to Wilson Paucar (director of El Quimi Reserve), Juan Carlos Fernandez (park ranger of El Quimi Reserve) and the Valle del Quimi community for their support during the fieldwork. We also thank Luis Albuja, Ana Armendariz and Ramiro Barriga from Escuela Politécnica Nacional for their valuable information and photographs of the RAP to the Cordillera del Cóndor in 1993; Robert Gradstein kindly provided image 2A and Françoise Lopez from Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris for editing; Carlos E. Sarmiento editor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DD0D90FFD67603FEA4FD90FE34FDEE" box="[364,465,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Caldasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FEA4FD90FE34FDEE" box="[364,465,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Caldasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
kindly authorised use of image 2B; Rubén D. Jarrín E. (ComCienCia) kindly designed figures 1, 2 and 4; staff of Fungario QCAM kindly identified the fungus; Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de la
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD67603FE20FD48FD0FFD36" box="[488,746,662,688]" name="Ecuador" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">República del Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
for financial support (SENESCYT, Arca de Noé Initiative, S. R. Ron and O. Torres–Carvajal, Principal Investigators); the Universidad de Guadalajara-CUCBA, CONACyT-SNI and PROMEP-SEP in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E8CA3683FFD67603FE41FD00FE07FD7E" box="[393,482,734,760]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
; the curators of F, MO, QCA, QCNE & WIS herbaria for providing material for this research; anonymous reviewers and Mark Chase, subject editor of
|
||
<emphasis id="A2A9AA01FFD67603FCBAFCDCFC01FC9A" box="[882,996,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Phytotaxa</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |