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<document id="F0AF709E67E0E8CEEDA962D54083B5B4" ID-CLB-Dataset="46917" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.200030" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1b6412e-2497-4977-997d-8c0889204823" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="200030" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460352378248" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saether, Ole A." docDate="2010" docId="03DE87CEFC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FAC271C6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02726p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2726" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Procladius Skuse" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFE7FFB6FC72FFB1AC28FF86FFB3755B" masterDocTitle="Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698293715873" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="44E94554639FBDBCA0143653F7934BDB">Procladius Skuse from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, with keys to some females and immature stages of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="640F5F606AE0047E890B5AC8ACE338BF">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DE87CEFC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FAC271C6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6209885" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119408152" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6209885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87CEFC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FAC271C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87CEFC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FAC271C6" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="C36D6553FC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FAC271C6" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC836D8FC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FEDA773B" blockId="2.[151,361,582,608]" box="[151,361,582,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D08081B4FC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FEDA773B" bold="true" box="[151,361,582,608]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FEDA773B" ID-CoL="9G2QS" authority="Skuse" authorityName="Skuse" box="[151,361,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FEDA773B" bold="true" box="[151,361,582,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3ACBFFDC0FEA9773B" bold="true" box="[151,282,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Procladius</emphasis>
Skuse
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D8FC70FFB3ACBFFD0BFECA77B6" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
Seven species of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3AD48FD0BFE6A77FE" box="[352,473,653,677]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3AD48FD0BFE6A77FE" box="[352,473,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Procladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in the light traps from Lake Winnipeg. Of these, however, two species were never caught with certainty in the bottom samples. The other five belonged to the most common species of the benthos (
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3AD0EFD53FEDB77B6" box="[294,360,725,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[232,1310,418,1578]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[206,1340,378,1596]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval distribution of the five most common species of Procladius Skuse in the benthos of Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200031/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D8FC70FFB3ACEDFD7FFBE47626" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
Adults of all five common species were caught from the beginning of June to the middle of September (
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3A960FD7FFA25764A" box="[1352,1430,761,785]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1479]" captionTargetBox="[263,1319,203,1411]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[260,1328,195,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Procladius (Ps.) bellus (Loew). Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200033/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3ACBFFC9BFF14766E" box="[151,167,797,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,247,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[278,1309,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Procladius (H.) culiciformis (L.). Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, longer line = 51 – 100 specimens, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200035/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3AC9BFC98FF70766E" box="[179,195,798,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[302,1289,223,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[280,1307,193,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Procladius (H.) denticulatus Sublette. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, medium long lines = 26 – 50 specimens, longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200037/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3ACE7FC9BFF6C766E" box="[207,223,797,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[292,1300,227,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[274,1312,195,1628]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Procladius (Holotanypus) freemani Sublette. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, medium long lines = 26 – 50 specimens, longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, 1 = first instar larvae, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200038/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3ACC4FC9BFEBA766E" box="[236,265,797,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[311,1291,201,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[275,1312,178,1500]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Procladius (Holotanypus) sublettei Roback. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">11</figureCitation>
). Pupae or first and second instars of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3AE99FC98FCE0766E" box="[689,851,797,821]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culiciformis">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3AE99FC98FCE0766E" box="[689,851,797,821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">P. culiciformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were present from early June to early October (
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3A946FC9BFF157602" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1468,1491]" captionTargetBox="[294,1285,247,1420]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[278,1309,193,1447]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Procladius (H.) culiciformis (L.). Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, longer line = 51 – 100 specimens, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200035/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), in early June to early September for
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3AE40FCC4FD5B7602" box="[616,744,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freemani">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3AE40FCC4FD5B7602" box="[616,744,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">P. freemani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3AED2FCC7FCF37602" box="[762,832,833,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[292,1300,227,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[274,1312,195,1628]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Procladius (Holotanypus) freemani Sublette. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, medium long lines = 26 – 50 specimens, longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, 1 = first instar larvae, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200038/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), from early June to end of August for
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3A924FCC4FF0B7626" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3A924FCC4FF0B7626" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">P. denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3ACE8FCE3FEB77626" box="[192,260,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1649,1672]" captionTargetBox="[302,1289,223,1604]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[280,1307,193,1628]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Procladius (H.) denticulatus Sublette. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, medium long lines = 26 – 50 specimens, longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200037/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), in June and July for
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3ADD5FCE0FDCB7626" box="[509,632,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublettei">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3ADD5FCE0FDCB7626" box="[509,632,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">P. sublettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3AEAFFCE3FD6B7626" box="[647,728,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1521,1544]" captionTargetBox="[311,1291,201,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[275,1312,178,1500]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. Procladius (Holotanypus) sublettei Roback. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200041/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), and in July for
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3AFBFFCE0FC457626" box="[919,1014,869,893]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bellus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3AFBFFCE0FC457626" box="[919,1014,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">P. bellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A5DFC70FFB3A82DFCE3FBFB7626" box="[1029,1096,869,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1479]" captionTargetBox="[263,1319,203,1411]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[260,1328,195,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Procladius (Ps.) bellus (Loew). Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/200033/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D8FC70FFB3ACEDFC0FFAC271C6" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">
The individual species within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3AEA1FC0FFCB076FA" box="[649,771,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3AEA1FC0FFCB076FA" box="[649,771,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Procladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are among the most difficult to determine within the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3A973FC0CFF5C769E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
both as imagines and as immatures.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B29FC70FFB3AEBCFC2BFCEC769E" author="Kobayashi" box="[660,863,941,965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Kobayashi, T. (1998) Seasonal changes in body size and male genital structures of Procladius choreus (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae). Aquatic Insects, 20, 165 - 172." type="journal article" year="1998">Kobayashi (1998)</bibRefCitation>
showed that body size and male genital structures varied seasonally in
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3ADA8FC57FD7D76B2" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[384,718,977,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="choreus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3ADA8FC57FDE976B2" box="[384,602,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Procladius choreus</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
. The smallest imagines, which were observed in summer, were reduced to about 60 % of the largest ones in wing length, while the gonostylus had a longer posterior heel in spring and fall. Since the length and shape of the gonostylus heel is used as one of the important genital characters in discriminating species of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3ADBEFBBBFDA3710E" box="[406,528,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3ADBEFBBBFDA3710E" box="[406,528,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Procladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the separation of several species becomes doubtful. About 20 species of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D5BFC70FFB3A96FFBBBFF757122" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EACAFC70FFB3A96FFBBBFF757122" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="36">Procladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from the Nearctic region and more than 60 from the Palaearctic region many of them likely synonyms. The genus is in urgent need of taxonomic revision especially of species outside the Nearctic region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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