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<document id="AD3582D6E23355C61137EBC4CEBAA0EC" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023058" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732140" ID-PubMed="38117273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628842" ID-ZooBank="DC25665A-E218-496B-974E-B813F69395E5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954839333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude &amp; Digiani, María Celina" docDate="2023" docId="03ED87FEFF97FFDE2440FBF4FC2EFD64" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.63.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (63)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023058" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFD4FF86FF81FFC6276DFFE6FF8BFF8C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1728046454050" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C97F350A882B8C1077338D50C82F25AA">Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="EEC93156FCD22E195CAEC299A5734E47" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C3D366BBDE4203E1ED6E482078729108">Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E6FF2E72A51A0E75CE7331F375322F13">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A1F14A4786B5CDE533601E25AD45F3B2">Digiani, María Celina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DDC80EFDC2014E4369DB02E3D0CDB98F">CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina &amp; División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CDC6F24ECA610F6E1F807FBB3E43A598">Parasite</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D120299B295BCB805BEBFE19AE126DA9">
<mods:date id="F966501A961822F7B0FE10C1C6A4BB5E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="C9083431E0A1F99D19F3DA88DCA57E51" type="ISSN">1776-1042</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03ED87FEFF97FFDE2440FBF4FC2EFD64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87FEFF97FFDE2440FBF4FC2EFD64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87FEFF97FFDE2440FBF4FC2EFD64" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFD02440FBF4FAFBFBAA" box="[813,1392,1042,1062]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440FBF4FAFBFBAA" blockId="22.[813,1392,1042,1062]" box="[813,1392,1042,1062]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0B38184FF97FFD02440FBF4FAFBFBAA" box="[813,1392,1042,1062]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440FBF4FAFBFBAA" bold="true" box="[813,1392,1042,1062]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3.9.1.2
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02411FBF4FB5AFBAA" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[892,1233,1042,1062]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0238DFBF4FAD9FBAA" box="[1248,1362,1042,1062]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 9D–9</figureCitation>
E’)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFD02440FBA1FAF2FB39" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440FBA1FAF2FB39" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440FBA1FC0FFBF4" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3.9.1.2.1 Synlophe (based on sections from
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF97FFD02398FBA1FAD0FBD0" box="[1269,1371,1095,1116]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF97FFD022F7FBA0FCF2FBF4" count="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
).
</emphasis>
Sections analyzed herein are at midbody: male (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02458FB99FC0FFB1A" box="[821,900,1151,1174]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
/9D) and female (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0232FFB99FB1BFB1A" box="[1090,1168,1151,1174]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
/9E). In both sections lateral cords illustrated, and ridges numbered in
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0238FFB78FAC1FB39" box="[1250,1354,1182,1205]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2C</figureCitation>
/9D.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF97FFDE2438FB5AFC2EFD64" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FB5AFB7FFAC1" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
In both sections careen absent; 15 minute ridges regularly spaced and subequal in size; axis of orientation described as subfrontal by Smales [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD0237BFB1FFBBBFA9C" author="Smales LR" box="[1046,1072,1273,1296]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
] but no arrow indicating its direction. In the original figures, the external lining of cuticle that connects the ridges to each other is not drawn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FAB3FB41FA44" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02438FAB3FC49FAE0" box="[853,962,1365,1388]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9D</figureCitation>
(male): on dorsal surface, non-numbered ridge between ridges 6 and 7; some ridges pointing to left, some others to right and remaining oriented perpendicularly to body surface in rather disparate arrangement.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02438FA29FC5DF989" blockId="22.[813,1468,1094,1541]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02438FA29FC36FA6A" box="[853,957,1487,1510]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 9E</figureCitation>
(female): ridges mostly oriented perpendicularly to body surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440F9CAFBB5F8BF" blockId="22.[813,1468,1580,1843]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440F9CAFBEDF9D1" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3.9.1.2.2 Bursa (number of worms studied not specified, illustrated in [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD0243FF9AEFCE1F9D1" author="Smales LR" box="[850,874,1608,1629]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]:
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD024E9F9AEFBD0F9D1" box="[900,1115,1608,1629]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 2G, 2L and 2N</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD0231AF9A0FB6DF9D1" box="[1143,1254,1606,1629]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2G</figureCitation>
, left lobe, view not specified, rays 2-6 numbered, only distal part of rays illustrated.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02440F965FC1EF916" box="[813,917,1667,1690]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2L</figureCitation>
, dorsal lobe, view not specified, only distal extremity of dorsal ray and rays 8 illustrated.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD023F3F944FA80F935" box="[1182,1291,1698,1721]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[113,180,1808,1829]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[227,1361,238,1765]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Genus Mawsonema Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. Body sections. A–F’ Mawsonema mokwanense Smales &amp; Heinrich, 2010. A, A’ within proximal body, male. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D, E within distal body. D male, E female. F, F’ within proximal body, female. A–E synlophe of type I. F, F’ synlophe of type II. Source: A–F redrawn from [45]. A’, F’ modified figures: reversed on their frontal axes with respect to the originals. F’ axis of orientation reinterpreted as subfrontal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628846/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 2N</figureCitation>
, right lobe, view not specified, ray 6 smaller and separated from rays 4-5. From the written description [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF97FFD0234CF939FBB0F97A" author="Smales LR" box="[1057,1083,1759,1782]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
]: bursa dissymmetrical with left lobe larger, lateral rays 4-6 about same length, reaching margin of bursa, pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF97FFD0248DF8FAFB87F8BF" box="[992,1036,1820,1843]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
2-3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440F884FC56F8FA" blockId="22.[813,989,1889,1910]" box="[813,989,1889,1910]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440F884FC56F8FA" bold="true" box="[813,989,1889,1910]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.9.2 Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFD02440F868FC69F82E" blockId="22.[813,1467,1933,2046]" box="[813,994,1933,1954]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02440F868FC69F82E" bold="true" box="[813,994,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3.9.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF97FFDE2438F84CFD6CFE31" blockId="22.[813,1467,1933,2046]" lastBlockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF97FFD02438F84CFBF9F84D" box="[853,1138,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF97FFD02438F84CFBE7F84D" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[853,1132,1962,1985]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">Flannerystrongylus abulus</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
within the proximal part of the body, the female section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF97FFD02328F82EFB12F853" box="[1093,1177,1992,2015]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
) should be slightly rotated clockwise to align the left lateral cord horizontally and to have the accurate orientation of the section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE256EFF09FDD1FE8A" box="[515,602,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9A’</figureCitation>
). We propose a slight modification on the numbering of the ridges, so that ridge 8’ in [
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] becomes ridge 8.
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE26F5FECAFD8AFECF" box="[408,513,300,323]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 9B</figureCitation>
can be similarly rotated clockwise (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE278BFEACFEB7FEEE" box="[230,316,330,354]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9B’</figureCitation>
). This re-arrangement would make all three synlophes (A’, B’, C) more or less consistent, with an oblique axis of orientation separating 8 right-dorsal and 7 left-ventral ridges although passing between incorrectly oriented ridges.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF96FFD1271CF8BDFEFCF86C" blockId="23.[113,1468,1883,2017]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD1271CF8BDFF44F8FC" bold="true" box="[113,207,1883,1904]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF96FFD1264CF8BAFDE2F8FD" authority="Smales, 2019" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[289,617,1884,1905]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD1264CF8BAFE50F8FD" box="[289,475,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
Smales, 2019
</taxonomicName>
. Body sections. A–C
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF96FFD1242FF8BAFB58F8FD" authority="Smales, 2019" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[834,1235,1884,1905]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD1242FF8BAFBC8F8FD" box="[834,1091,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Flannerystrongylus abulus</emphasis>
Smales, 2019
</taxonomicName>
. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF96FFD125F4F89EFBD9F801" authority="Smales, 2020" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[665,1106,1912,1933]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF96FFD125F4F89EFC4DF801" box="[665,966,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</emphasis>
Smales, 2020
</taxonomicName>
. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [
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]; D, E redrawn from [
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]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FE23FD34FDBB" blockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE27F4FE23FE7EFE50" box="[153,501,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE27F4FE23FE64FE50" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[153,495,453,476]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
on the male section (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2717FE05FF46FE76" box="[122,205,483,506]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) ridge
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[
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] is in fact ridge 8, and ridge
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[
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] becomes ridge 9 (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE2609FDE4FE36FD95" box="[356,445,513,537]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9D’</figureCitation>
). In both sections the external lining of the cuticle must be added (
<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF99FFDE269FFDC6FDDEFDBB" box="[498,597,543,567]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="23.[113,180,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-1@23.[151,1437,238,1858]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 9. Genus Flannerystrongylus Smales, 2019. Body sections. A–C Flannerystrongylus abulus Smales, 2019. A, A’ within proximal body, female. B, C at midbody. B male, C female. D–E’ Flannerystrongylus chisholmae Smales, 2020. D–E’ at midbody. D, D’ male. E, E’ female. Abbreviation: cu, cuticle. Sources: A–C redrawn from [42]; D, E redrawn from [43]. A’, B’, D’, E’: modified figures: A’ rotation clockwise, re-numbering of ridges with respect to the original. B’ rotation clockwise. D’, E’ addition of external cuticular lining. D’ re-numbering of ridges." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628866" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628866/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 9D’</figureCitation>
and 9E’).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FDD9FD3DFD1F" blockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">In both species, at midbody, an axis of orientation of the ridges cannot be identified in any of the sections because most ridges are oriented perpendicularly to the body surface.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FD7CFD6FFC48" blockId="24.[113,768,238,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
In her comments, Smales [
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] gives a rather detailed differential diagnosis against 41 genera from the Sahul region and
<collectingCountry id="F3537678FF99FFDE271CFD31FF44FD62" box="[113,207,727,750]" name="Malaysia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
pointing that
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2605FD3EFDBAFD63" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[360,561,728,751]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2605FD3EFDBAFD63" box="[360,561,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the absence of a gradient in ridge size and by a regular spacing of the ridges, this latter character being relatively rare in this group of Australasian genera. Both elements, subequal ridges and spaced regularly are found in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE255EFCB4FD23FCE5" box="[563,680,850,873]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Equilophos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE255EFCB4FD23FCE5" box="[563,680,850,873]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Equilophos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considered by Smales [
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] as the most related morphologically, differing mainly from
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2644FC69FE79FC2A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[297,498,911,934]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2644FC69FE79FC2A" box="[297,498,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of ridges (more than
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vs.
</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2561FC48FD5FFC49" box="[524,724,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE271CFC10FE8BFB86" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" box="[113,256,1014,1034]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE271CFC10FE8BFB86" bold="true" box="[113,256,1014,1034]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3.9.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FBF4FE13FA14" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE27F4FBF4FE3DFBA5" box="[153,438,1042,1065]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE27F4FBF4FE3BFBA5" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[153,432,1042,1065]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">Flannerystrongylus abulus</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
the positions of Figures 12 and
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[
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] do not follow the rules generally agreed in Zoology,
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE271CFBB6FF1BFBEB" box="[113,144,1104,1127]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">i.e.</emphasis>
, that the animal should be drawn with the proximal part to the top of the page, which makes the comparison with other species easier. The expressions “left lateral view” or “right lateral view” concerning the bursa are ambiguous since they may actually refer to either lateral lobe (left or right) on either of their two surfaces (dorsal or ventral). It is based on the curvature of the lateral rays that we deduce that Figure 12 corresponds to the left lobe in ventral view and Figure 15 to the right lobe also in ventral view. From the written description, Figure
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[
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] is in dorsal view since the left ray 8 is said to be larger than the right one.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4FA79FD3AF927" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Judging from the figures, there are three different arrangements of rays 8 with respect to the dorsal ray and the lateral lobes: (1) that on Figure 12, with left ray 8 diverging from the common trunk of rays 2-6; (2) that on Figure 14, with left ray 8 curved diverging from the dorsal ray just above the division of this latter and completely separated from ray 6, right ray 8 strongly curved, touching distally the right branch of the dorsal ray; (3) that on Figure 15, with right ray 8 not strongly curved, distant from the right branch of the dorsal ray.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4F954FD19F813" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Figure 14 matches the written description, whereas Figures 12 and 15, for different reasons, do not. We are not able to know if Figure 12 corresponds to another
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF99FFDE250CF916FD05F88B" box="[609,654,1776,1799]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
of bursa, because the description provided is insufficient. The same observation applies to Figure 15, in which, for instance, the divergence of rays 2 and 3 is not observed. This may imply the presence of two or three different species among the
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF99FFDE25BEF88CFC8BF80D" box="[723,768,1898,1921]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
material. These bursae have a pattern of
<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF99FFDE2572F86EFDC0F813" box="[543,587,1928,1951]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
2-2-1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE27F4F841FC7FFE31" blockId="24.[113,768,1014,2043]" lastBlockId="24.[813,1468,239,445]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE27F4F841FE7AF832" box="[153,497,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE27F4F841FE60F832" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[153,491,1959,1982]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
despite the incomplete description of the bursa, the pattern is clearly 1-4 on both lobes. On the left lobe, ray 3 diverges proximally to ray 6, this latter being joined to rays 4 and 5 up to their extremities. On the right lobe, rays 3 and 6 diverge at the same level from the common trunk of rays 3-6 and rays 4 and 5 are joined up to their extremities. In [
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF99FFDE24E4FEACFC28FEED" author="Smales LR" box="[905,931,330,353]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="544 - 572" refId="ref30173" refString="43. Smales LR. 2020. Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys levipes and P. mollis (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua Guinea and the descriptions of three new genera and nine new species (Nematoda). Zootaxa, 4861, 544 - 572." type="journal article" year="2020">43</bibRefCitation>
], Figure N shows the right ray 6 much shorter than right rays 4 and 5, in contradiction with the written description. Figures G and L match the written description, whereas Figure N does not.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2440FE07FC6FFE7A" blockId="24.[813,996,481,502]" box="[813,996,481,502]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2440FE07FC6FFE7A" bold="true" box="[813,996,481,502]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3.9.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF99FFDE2438FDFCFC2EFD64" blockId="24.[813,1467,538,744]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
In view of the very brief written description, the many problems with the illustrations of the synlophe, and the contradictory illustrations of the bursa,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE23E6FDB1FA2AFDE2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" box="[1163,1441,599,622]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="abulus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE23E6FDB1FA2AFDE2" box="[1163,1441,599,622]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus abulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE24DAFD90FBF2FD01" box="[951,1145,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">species inquirenda</emphasis>
and, consequently,
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE2227FD90FC05FD27" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2019" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2227FD90FC05FD27" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE24C8FD72FBE1FD27" box="[933,1130,660,683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">genus inquirendum</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF99FFDE231AFD72FA30FD27" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2020" box="[1143,1467,660,683]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Flannerystrongylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chisholmae">
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE231AFD72FA30FD27" box="[1143,1467,660,683]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Flannerystrongylus chisholmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also considered a
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF99FFDE2367FD55FB45FD46" box="[1034,1230,691,714]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">species inquirenda</emphasis>
due to its insufficient description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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