219 lines
28 KiB
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219 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="14490B33D4BC5D4EDAE9C4FA423D64E2" ID-DOI="10.1051/parasite/2023058" ID-ISSN="1776-1042" ID-PMC="PMC10732140" ID-PubMed="38117273" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12628842" ID-ZooBank="DC25665A-E218-496B-974E-B813F69395E5" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1719954839333" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude & Digiani, María Celina" docDate="2023" docId="03ED87FEFF91FFD72440FBA8FB50FE5A" docLanguage="en" docName="Parasite.30.63.pdf" docOrigin="Parasite (Paris, France) 30 (63)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2023058" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437.2:Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="A40D95A4C09C797DBB807E438D2BF437" docStyleName="Parasite.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Nugininema titokis Smales 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFD4FF86FF81FFC6276DFFE6FF8BFF8C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1728046454050" updateUser="guilherme" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4794C4FA35BF1E20416CF63712B1A582">Revision of the genera of Heligmonellidae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea), parasitic in Muridae from New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7DFABF426AAA0D66152982F14AE28672" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F818B2901998427DD903B371902A4F5E">Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="635418C57CCFA2CF60ED8131B502E081">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E46AF720B46AB5C28DEE4752FC9B7388">Digiani, María Celina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60A9008A82727B56C3E281929D7CC6E4">CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina & División Zoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="048F32F56C859EEA16A2308B288E3D31">Parasite</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="806B6EE8B14C2784B5668D8E9AD0993B">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="C2683318AABFA318C1596B624030E728">Paris, France</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="CED50C02965FC960CE560A5D39FAD00E">2023-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="274E3D49DBDB027C1DFDC5A42767A359">30</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03ED87FEFF91FFD72440FBA8FB50FE5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED87FEFF91FFD72440FBA8FB50FE5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87FEFF91FFD72440FBA8FB50FE5A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF91FFD62440FBA8FBBEFBF2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62440FBA8FBBEFBF2" blockId="16.[813,1359,1102,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62440FBA8FBBEFBF2" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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3.5.1 Analysis of data and difficulties encountered
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<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF91FFD62404FB8CFBBEFBF2" ID-CoL="9BWL5" authority="Smales, 2016" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[873,1077,1130,1150]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="titokis">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62404FB8CFBBEFBF2" bold="true" box="[873,1077,1130,1150]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Nugininema titokis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF91FFD72440FB45FE3AF874" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62440FB45FBBEFB5F" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62440FB45FAE3FB3B" bold="true" box="[813,1384,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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3.5.1.1 Synlophe (based on sections from
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<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF91FFD62394FB45FAE3FB3B" box="[1273,1384,1187,1207]" count="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62411FB59FBBEFB5F" bold="true" box="[892,1077,1215,1235]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D42FD61FF91FFD624C6FB59FBA6FB5F" box="[939,1069,1215,1235]" count="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438FB3DFB26FAE0" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Sections analyzed herein are those within proximal body: male (Fig. 16/5A) and female (Fig. 17/5B), and at midbody: male (Fig. 19/5C) and female (Fig. 20/5D). In all figures, lateral cords illustrated except right lateral cord of section 19/5C; ridges numbered only in Fig. 19/5C.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438FA95FC58FA4B" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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In all sections careen absent. Axis of orientation described as oblique within proximal body and subfrontal at midbody by Smales [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF91FFD624C7FA56FC4FFA4B" author="Smales LR" box="[938,964,1456,1479]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438FA29FC66F956" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF91FFD62438FA29FBC6FA6A" box="[853,1101,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Within proximal body:</emphasis>
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in
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<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF91FFD62310FA29FB65FA6A" box="[1149,1262,1487,1510]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
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(male), 10 ridges separated into two groups by two gaps, situated on left-dorsal quadrant and on right-ventral quadrant (arrowheads). On ventral side, presence of two large comaretes. Remaining ridges small and subequal in size. Most ridges oriented from right-ventral to left-dorsal quadrant, except: two left dorsal ridges flanking axis of orientation (perpendicular to body surface), and ventral ridge situated left to lesser comarete (oriented from left to right).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF91FFD62438F904FC0AF843" blockId="16.[813,1468,1186,1999]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF91FFD62438F904FC4BF975" box="[853,960,1762,1785]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
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(female), 13 ridges of which two large ventral comaretes (in same position than in male section, but smaller). Remaining ridges small and subequal in size and irregularly spaced. Two gaps in the same position than in male section, but smaller (arrowheads). Dorsal ridges and comaretes oriented from right-ventral to left-dorsal quadrant. Remaining ventral ridges show disparate orientation, perpendicular or from left to right.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FF09FF63FECF" blockId="17.[113,768,239,384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD727F4FF09FEA8FE8A" box="[153,291,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">At midbody:</emphasis>
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in
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<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD72634FF09FE5CFE8A" box="[345,471,239,262]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figures 5C</figureCitation>
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(male) and 5D (female), 15–17 ridges, regularly spaced, small, subequal and oriented disparately.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FEACFD54FE0C" blockId="17.[113,768,239,384]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">From the written description, axis of orientation “prefrontal” (sic) at midbody and losing orientation posteriorly.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFE51FE5CFE6B" blockId="17.[113,768,439,579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFE51FD31FE47" bold="true" box="[113,698,439,459]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.1.2 Bursa (number of studied males not specified;</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD727ADFE35FE5CFE6B" bold="true" box="[192,471,467,487]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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illustrated in [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD7263AFE35FEFBFE6B" author="Smales LR" box="[343,368,467,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
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]: Fig. 26)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FE09FD0EFDCF" blockId="17.[113,768,439,579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Figure 26: right lobe, with right ray 8 and right branch of dorsal ray. From description [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD726D9FDEBFE45FDA8" author="Smales LR" box="[436,462,525,548]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
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], bursa dissymmetrical with right lobe slightly larger and pattern of
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<typeStatus id="54FF884AFF90FFD7257FFDCAFDB5FDCF" box="[530,574,556,579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
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1-3-1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFD89FEA9FD08" blockId="17.[113,290,623,644]" box="[113,290,623,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFD89FEA9FD08" bold="true" box="[113,290,623,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.2 Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFD7DFEADFD3C" blockId="17.[113,768,667,1237]" box="[113,294,667,688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFD7DFEADFD3C" bold="true" box="[113,294,667,688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.2.1 Synlophe</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FD51FF49FB59" blockId="17.[113,768,667,1237]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Within the proximal body (
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<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD726D6FD51FDE0FD42" box="[443,619,695,718]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 5A and 5B</figureCitation>
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) we interpret, as Smales [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD72785FD30FE89FD61" author="Smales LR" box="[232,258,726,749]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
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], that the axis of orientation of the ridges is oblique. At midbody (
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<figureCitation id="137F2A6DFF90FFD72642FD12FE53FC87" box="[303,472,756,779]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="16.[113,180,629,650]" captionTargetBox="[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetId="figure-644@16.[144,1429,238,594]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 5. Genus Nugininema Smales, 2016. Body sections. A–D. Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016. A, B within proximal body. A male. B female. C, D, at midbody. C male, D female. Abbreviations: co, comarete. Source: A–D redrawn from [38]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12628854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12628854/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 5C and 5D</figureCitation>
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), instead, Smales [
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD725F6FD12FD3EFC87" author="Smales LR" box="[667,693,756,779]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
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] stated that the axis of orientation is “prefrontal” an affirmation that seems to us inaccurate. The disparate orientation of the ridges seems to be due to a misinterpretation, and it is likely that most ridges are oriented perpendicularly to the body surface. This means that there are not two groups of ridges with opposite directions, consequently, there is no axis of orientation of the ridges. It is clear that between the proximal body and the midbody, the number of ridges increased and the comaretes decreased progressively in size up to attain the same size as the other ridges. However, since the level of the “proximal” sections has not been specified and, besides, it is not equivalent in the male and the female, it is not possible to establish either homology of the male and female ridges or the level at which the ridges become subequal and perpendicular to the body surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CFAEBFE8BFAAD" blockId="17.[113,768,1293,1802]" box="[113,256,1293,1313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFAEBFE8BFAAD" bold="true" box="[113,256,1293,1313]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.2.2 Bursa</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FACFFE54FAF1" blockId="17.[113,768,1293,1802]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Without illustration of the left lobe, and the right lobe being folded ventrally, it is difficult to determine the pattern of the rays or the symmetry of the bursa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4FA62FDDAF886" blockId="17.[113,768,1293,1802]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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As noted by Smales [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD54B19FF90FFD72619FA62FE05FA17" author="Smales LR" box="[372,398,1412,1435]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="183 - 197" refId="ref29907" refString="38. Smales LR. 2016. The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia. Zootaxa, 4117, 183 - 197." type="journal article" year="2016">38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72568FA63FD08FA10" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[517,643,1413,1436]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72568FA63FD08FA10" box="[517,643,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is related to the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72787FA45FE23FA36" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[234,424,1443,1466]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72787FA45FE23FA36" box="[234,424,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7268CFA45FDF8FA36" authorityName="Hasegawa & Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[481,627,1443,1466]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7268CFA45FDF8FA36" box="[481,627,1443,1466]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of at least one ventral comarete and an axis of orientation of the ridges oblique within the proximal part of the body. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7271CFA19FEA4F99A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[113,303,1535,1558]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CFA19FEA4F99A" box="[113,303,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7260BFA19FE60F99A" box="[358,491,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7260BFA19FE6CF99A" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[358,487,1535,1558]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Nugininema</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the comaretes are present only in the proximal part of the body, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72500F9FBFD74F9B8" authorityName="Hasegawa & Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[621,767,1565,1588]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72500F9FBFD74F9B8" box="[621,767,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are present all along the body length. There are two comaretes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD727BCF9BCFEE8F9FD" authorityName="Hasegawa & Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[209,355,1626,1649]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD727BCF9BCFEE8F9FD" box="[209,355,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD726C1F9BCFDA1F9FD" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[428,554,1626,1649]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD726C1F9BCFDA1F9FD" box="[428,554,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7271CF99FFEA5F91C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" box="[113,302,1657,1680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CF99FFEA5F91C" box="[113,302,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72629F99FFE49F91C" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[324,450,1657,1680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72629F99FFE49F91C" box="[324,450,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD725F7F99FFF59F923" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2009" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD725F7F99FFF59F923" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72660F97EFE14F923" authorityName="Hasegawa & Syafruddin" authorityYear="1994" box="[269,415,1688,1711]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72660F97EFE14F923" box="[269,415,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the fact that in the proximal body all dorsal ridges are small and subequal, whereas in the other two genera, the ridges associated with the right lateral cord (one or two ridges) are more developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD7271CF8C8FEA2F8CF" blockId="17.[113,297,1838,1859]" box="[113,297,1838,1859]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CF8C8FEA2F8CF" bold="true" box="[113,297,1838,1859]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.3 Conclusion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD727F4F881FE3AF874" blockId="17.[113,768,1895,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Concerning the synlophe,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD726C5F881FDADF8F2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[424,550,1895,1918]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD726C5F881FDADF8F2" box="[424,550,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated unambiguously from the related genera. We thus consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD7271CF842FF64F837" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[113,239,1956,1979]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD7271CF842FF64F837" box="[113,239,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a valid genus. However, it would be necessary to describe and illustrate accurately the bursa to provide a proper definition of the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35E6563FF90FFD72440FF08FB50FE5A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72440FF08FBCBFE8E" blockId="17.[813,1088,239,258]" box="[813,1088,238,258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72440FF08FBCBFE8E" bold="true" box="[813,1088,238,258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.5.4 Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFB36E8FF90FFD72438FEC1FB50FE5A" blockId="17.[813,1467,294,470]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C444D6BFF90FFD72438FEC1FC58FEB2" authorityName="Smales" authorityYear="2016" box="[853,979,295,318]" class="Chromadorea" family="Heligmosomidae" genus="Nugininema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B930EAFAFF90FFD72438FEC1FC58FEB2" box="[853,979,295,318]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nugininema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Synlophe without careen. Within proximal part of body, presence of two ventral comaretes and two gaps: right-ventral and left-dorsal; remaining ridges small and subequal; axis of orientation of ridges oblique. At midbody, 15–17 ridges regularly spaced, small and subequal; ridges oriented perpendicularly to body surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |