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<mods:title id="18ECDB3C8623F1088BD5FE28FBD77E8F">The identity and taxonomic position of Pleias Kirkaldy, 1901 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="13B456BC33540A146080FC93FE8F478D" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A146080FC93FD8A47E8" blockId="1.[151,532,407,468]" box="[151,532,407,433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="0059B25B33540A146080FC93FD8A47E8" bold="true" box="[151,532,407,433]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A146080FC93FD8A47E8" bold="true" box="[151,532,407,433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
Pleias
<taxonomicName id="9CAE7EB433540A1460F0FC93FD8A47E8" authority="Kirkaldy, 1901" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityYear="1901" box="[231,532,407,433]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ritsemae">
ritsemae
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F78C633540A14614DFC93FD8A47E8" author="Kirkaldy" box="[346,532,407,433]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1901) Six new Reduviidae from Sumatra. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 23, 53 - 57." type="journal article" year="1901">Kirkaldy, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A146080FCBEFE8F478D" blockId="1.[151,532,407,468]" box="[151,273,442,468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
(
<figureCitation id="C39519B233540A146088FCBEFE99478D" box="[159,263,442,468]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1420,197,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Pleias ritsemae Kirkaldy, holotype. 1, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 2, same, lateral view, 3, pronotum, ventral view, 4, left fore leg, anterior view, 5, trochanter and base of left fore femur, 6, fore tarsus, 7, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype), 8, apex of female abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 9. Bagauda sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs 18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B456BC33540A146080FF08FBA5441F" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A146080FF08FCAF447A" blockId="1.[151,1083,522,582]" box="[151,817,522,547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7BBE221933540A146080FF08FCAF447A" box="[151,817,522,547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE7EB433540A146080FF08FE5C447A" authority="Kirkaldy, 1901: 56" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityPageNumber="56" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,450,524,547]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ritsemae">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A146080FF08FF6D447A" box="[151,243,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ritsemae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="DA0F232633540A1460EEFF08FE5C447A" author="Kirkaldy" box="[249,450,524,547]" page="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" year="1901">
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F78C633540A1460EEFF08FE03447A" author="Kirkaldy" box="[249,413,524,547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1901) Six new Reduviidae from Sumatra. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 23, 53 - 57." type="journal article" year="1901">Kirkaldy, 1901</bibRefCitation>
: 56
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[Sumatra;
<typeStatus id="8415BB9533540A14622FFF08FD0B447A" box="[568,661,524,547]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(Ψ) RMNH!].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A146080FF2BFBA5441F" blockId="1.[151,1083,522,582]" box="[151,1083,556,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7BBE221933540A146080FF2BFBA5441F" box="[151,1083,556,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="9CAE7EB433540A146080FF2BFD82441F" ID-CoL="4KHQ8" authority="Miller, 1941: 776" authorityName="Miller" authorityPageNumber="776" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,540,559,582]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perfuga">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A146080FF2BFF74441F" box="[151,234,559,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">perfuga</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="DA0F232633540A1460E7FF2BFE35441F" author="Miller" box="[240,427,559,582]" page="776" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation id="3F3F78C633540A1460E7FF2BFEE6441F" author="Miller" box="[240,376,559,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Miller, N. C. E. (1941) New genera and species of Malaysian Reduviidae. Supplementary records. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, 18, 774 - 804." type="journal article" year="1941">Miller, 1941</bibRefCitation>
: 776
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A1461ADFF2BFD8D441F" box="[442,531,559,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ploiaria</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
[Selangor;
<typeStatus id="8415BB9533540A14628FFF2BFD6B441F" box="[664,757,559,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(Ψ) BMNH] (
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A146386FF2AFBB5441F" bold="true" box="[913,1067,558,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">new synonym</emphasis>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B456BC33540A146080FF73FD1B4553" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A146080FF73FE8B44BB" blockId="1.[151,1437,631,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A146080FF73FE4E44C8" bold="true" box="[151,464,631,657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="8415BB9533540A146080FF73FF4A44C8" box="[151,212,631,657]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="8415BB9533540A1461CEFF7CFDD844CB" box="[473,582,632,658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(Ψ): “Dr. B. Hagen. \ Tandjong Morawa. \ Serdang \ (N.
<collectingCountry id="23B945A733540A1464E0FF7CFA9144CB" box="[1271,1295,632,658]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">O</collectingCountry>
. Sumatra).“ [printed]; “Holo \
<typeStatus id="8415BB9533540A146178FFA4FE3944E3" box="[367,423,672,698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
.” [blue square, handwritten]; “Pleias
<taxonomicName id="9CAE7EB433540A146375FFA4FC5B44E3" box="[866,965,672,698]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ritsemae">ritsemae</taxonomicName>
\ Kirk.
<typeStatus id="8415BB9533540A146432FFA4FBF844E3" box="[1061,1126,672,698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
.” [handwritten], deposited in
<collectionCode id="3DBF9DF233540A1460A2FFCCFE8F44BB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[181,273,712,738]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">RMNH</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A1460D0FFEBFD1B4553" blockId="1.[151,1437,631,1978]" box="[199,645,751,778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A1460D0FFEBFEE24550" bold="true" box="[199,380,751,777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Redescription.</emphasis>
Macropterous female.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13B456BC33540A1660D0FE13FB0D4773" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A1460D0FE13FEA145F3" blockId="1.[151,1437,631,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A1460D0FE13FEBD4568" bold="true" box="[199,291,791,817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Colour.</emphasis>
Head, thorax, fore wings, fore legs rather uniformly light brown; antennal segments I and II somewhat darker brown (remaining segments missing in
<typeStatus id="8415BB9533540A146358FE44FC254503" box="[847,955,832,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); mid and hind femora as general body colour, tibiae slightly darker, femorotibial articulation narrowly whitish; ventral surface of abdomen light yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A1460D0FEB3FEB345A3" blockId="1.[151,1437,631,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A1460D0FEB3FD934588" bold="true" box="[199,525,951,977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Structural characteristics.</emphasis>
Body relatively stout; rather dull, smooth, with only a few, very short, hardly visible hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B11053733540A1460D0F903FF3341E3" blockId="1.[151,1437,631,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A1460D0F903FE944278" bold="true" box="[199,266,1031,1057]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="C39519B233540A14610EF90CFE35427B" box="[281,427,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1420,197,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Pleias ritsemae Kirkaldy, holotype. 1, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 2, same, lateral view, 3, pronotum, ventral view, 4, left fore leg, anterior view, 5, trochanter and base of left fore femur, 6, fore tarsus, 7, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype), 8, apex of female abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 9. Bagauda sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs 1 and 2</figureCitation>
) rather short, about 1.15 times longer than diatone, with deep interocular furrow; preocular part about 1.75 times longer than postocular in dorsal aspect, gradually declivent anteriorly, with small median tubercle close to interocular furrow; postocular part very short, transversal, dorsal outline forming distinct angle with neck. Eyes large, semiglobular, laterally strongly prominent, remote from ventral and dorsal outlines of head in lateral aspect; diatone about 2.15 times as wide as interocular distance.
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A1464C6F9A3FAAA4298" bold="true" box="[1233,1332,1191,1217]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Labium</emphasis>
straight, relatively slender, first visible segment reaching about level of antenniferous tubercles, far remote from level of anterior border of eye; second visible segment not reaching level of anterior border of eye; third visible segment projecting between bases of fore coxae, about 1.2 times as long as first, about 1.1 times as long as second visible segments.
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A14618BF843FD994338" bold="true" box="[412,519,1351,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Antenna</emphasis>
gracile; segment I about 1.4 times longer than segment II.
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A1464ABF843FA874338" bold="true" box="[1212,1305,1351,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Thorax</emphasis>
: Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="C39519B233540A146088F874FE9743D3" box="[159,265,1392,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1420,197,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Pleias ritsemae Kirkaldy, holotype. 1, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 2, same, lateral view, 3, pronotum, ventral view, 4, left fore leg, anterior view, 5, trochanter and base of left fore femur, 6, fore tarsus, 7, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype), 8, apex of female abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 9. Bagauda sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs 13</figureCitation>
) rather short and stout, about 1.45 times longer than humeral width, subdivided into anterior and posterior lobes; anterior lobe about 1.25 times longer than posterior lobe; humeral width about 1.25 times wider than greatest width of fore lobe.
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A14624CF8BBFD084380" bold="true" box="[603,662,1471,1497]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Legs</emphasis>
: Fore leg (
<figureCitation id="C39519B233540A146302F8C4FCC54383" box="[789,859,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1420,197,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Pleias ritsemae Kirkaldy, holotype. 1, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 2, same, lateral view, 3, pronotum, ventral view, 4, left fore leg, anterior view, 5, trochanter and base of left fore femur, 6, fore tarsus, 7, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype), 8, apex of female abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 9. Bagauda sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) rather stout; coxa cylindrical, straight, unarmed; trochanter simple, with only two macrochaetae; femur elongate, about 6.35 times longer than its greatest width, about 1.5 times longer than coxa, ventral surface armed with two rows of spiniferous tubercles. Armature of fore femur (
<figureCitation id="C39519B233540A14616BFB3CFE5D400B" box="[380,451,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1420,197,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Pleias ritsemae Kirkaldy, holotype. 1, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 2, same, lateral view, 3, pronotum, ventral view, 4, left fore leg, anterior view, 5, trochanter and base of left fore femur, 6, fore tarsus, 7, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype), 8, apex of female abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 9. Bagauda sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) composed of long, gracile, bristle-like spines inserted on very small, insignificant basal tubercles; anteroventral series composed of nearly 50, posteroventral series of about 65 spiniferous tubercles, posteroventral series also with a few additional spiniferous tubercles basally; spines of subequal size, a few longer spines occurring at base of the two series; posteroventral series beginning at base of femur; anteroventral series not interrupted at base. Tibia about 0.55 times as long as femur, its ventral surface with a single row of small, deflexed spiniform setae; tarsus (
<figureCitation id="C39519B233540A146305FA04FCC74143" box="[786,857,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1420,197,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Pleias ritsemae Kirkaldy, holotype. 1, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 2, same, lateral view, 3, pronotum, ventral view, 4, left fore leg, anterior view, 5, trochanter and base of left fore femur, 6, fore tarsus, 7, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype), 8, apex of female abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 9. Bagauda sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) unarmed, nearly bare except a fascia of setae at base of segment I; slightly more than 0.7 times as long as tibia; three-segmented; segment I about 2.45 times as long as segments II and III measured together. Pretarsus with two short and curved claws subequal in shape and size. Mid and hid legs elongate and delicate; tarsi minute.
<emphasis id="69DAD92533540A14636DFA73FC6A41C8" bold="true" box="[890,1012,1911,1937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Abdomen</emphasis>
of female elongated; apex as in
<figureCitation id="C39519B233540A146562FA7CFF3641E3" captionStart="FIGURES 1 8" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[180,1420,197,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 8. Pleias ritsemae Kirkaldy, holotype. 1, head and pronotum, dorsal view, 2, same, lateral view, 3, pronotum, ventral view, 4, left fore leg, anterior view, 5, trochanter and base of left fore femur, 6, fore tarsus, 7, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype), 8, apex of female abdomen, lateral view. FIGURE 9. Bagauda sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig 8</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0FD155BF33570A176080FBB7FDA9416A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[183,1392,209,1678]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="5B11053733570A176080FBB7FDA9416A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1715,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A176080FBB7FEDD4092" bold="true" box="[151,323,1715,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURES 18.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A17615DFBB0FE6E4092" box="[330,496,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Pleias
<taxonomicName id="9CAE7EB433570A176183FBB0FE6E4092" authority="Kirkaldy" authorityName="Kirkaldy" box="[404,496,1716,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Ploiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ritsemae">ritsemae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Kirkaldy, holotype.
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A1762D9FBB7FD454092" bold="true" box="[718,731,1715,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">1</emphasis>
, head and pronotum, dorsal view,
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A176458FBB7FBC24092" bold="true" box="[1103,1116,1715,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">2</emphasis>
, same, lateral view,
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A17652EFBB7FAD84092" bold="true" box="[1337,1350,1715,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">3</emphasis>
, pronotum, ventral view,
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A17614AFBD2FEF440B7" bold="true" box="[349,362,1750,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">4</emphasis>
, left fore leg, anterior view,
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A17628FFBD2FD3B40B7" bold="true" box="[664,677,1750,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5</emphasis>
, trochanter and base of left fore femur,
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A17645CFBD2FBC640B7" bold="true" box="[1099,1112,1750,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">6</emphasis>
, fore tarsus,
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A1764F5FBD2FB7140B7" bold="true" box="[1250,1263,1750,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7</emphasis>
, right fore wing (apex damaged in holotype),
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A1761CBFBFDFE774148" bold="true" box="[476,489,1785,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">8</emphasis>
, apex of female abdomen, lateral view.
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A1763BDFBFDFBB04148" bold="true" box="[938,1070,1785,1809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9CAE7EB433570A17642EFBFDFB074149" box="[1081,1177,1785,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Bagauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A17642EFBFDFB074149" box="[1081,1177,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Bagauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (undescribed) from Borneo, right fore wing. Scales in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5B11053733570A1660D0FA62FB0D4773" blockId="2.[151,1436,1894,2000]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,298]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="69DAD92533570A1760D0FA62FEE041D9" bold="true" box="[199,382,1894,1920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm): Body length 7.2. Length of head 0.96, preocular part 0.39, postocular part 0.22, width across eyes 0.83, interocular distance 0.39; lengths of visible labial segments I, II and III 0.32, 0.35 and 0.38; lengths of antennal segments I and II 4.9 and 3.4 (remaining segments missing). Length of pronotum along meson 1.42, of anterior lobe 0.80, of posterior lobe 0.62; greatest width of anterior lobe 0.79, humeral width 0.97. Length of fore wing 4.9. Lengths of fore coxa, femur, tibia, and tarsus (segments I, II and III) 1.48, 2.22, 1.19 and 0.87 (0.63, 0.14 and 0.15), greatest widths of fore femur and tibia 0.35 and 0.16; lengths of hind femur, tibia, and tarsus 7.25, 6.25 and 0.17. Length of abdomen 3.7, greatest width 1.2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>