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<document id="F69E54A61A1D53CAD1CB622535EAED3E" ID-CLB-Dataset="302430" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13710313" ID-GBIF-Dataset="83b9d93e-6482-4509-82e7-d477e479612b" ID-ISSN="2295-0214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13710313" ID-ZooBank="2612CE09-F7FF-45CD-B52E-99F04DC2AA56" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1723147021568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Herrera Léon Baert Wouter Dekoninck, Henri W., Causton, Charlotte E., Sevilla, Christian R., Pozo, Paola &amp; Hendrickx, Frederik" docDate="2020" docId="03EC87963E52FFCB54C53277FC0BFEF5" docLanguage="en" docName="BelgJEntomol.93.1-60.pdf" docOrigin="Belgian Journal of Entomology 93" docStyle="DocumentStyle:477BAB003B03482056C94CF3A43FB53D.1:BelgJEntomol.2015-2021.journal_article.type3" docStyleId="477BAB003B03482056C94CF3A43FB53D" docStyleName="BelgJEntomol.2015-2021.journal_article.type3" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Strumigenys emmae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFD5FFEE3E72FFE854323415FFBAFFC8" masterDocTitle="Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1725616277753" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D17963B6853032CE801378731CD0611F">Distribution and habitat preferences of Galápagos ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EC87963E52FFCB54C53277FC0BFEF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13291150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13291150" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC87963E52FFCB54C53277FC0BFEF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87963E52FFCB54C53277FC0BFEF5" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E52FFC854C53277FD0AF9B3" box="[247,688,1633,1660]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E52FFC854C53277FD0AF9B3" blockId="32.[247,1033,1633,1731]" box="[247,688,1633,1660]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E52FFC854C53277FD0AF9B3" authority="(Emery, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[247,688,1633,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC854C53277FD0AF9B3" bold="true" box="[247,688,1633,1660]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC854C53277FE49F9B4" bold="true" box="[247,499,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Strumigenys emmae</emphasis>
(Emery, 1890)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E52FFC854C53290FBB3F90A" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E52FFC854C53290FD2FF957" blockId="32.[247,1033,1633,1731]" box="[247,661,1669,1695]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BowJawed Pygmy Snapping Ant</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E52FFC854C532BDFBB3F90A" blockId="32.[247,1033,1633,1731]" box="[247,1033,1704,1731]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E52FFC8553232BDFE4CF90A" author="DEYRUP M. &amp; DAVIS L. &amp; COVER S." box="[256,502,1704,1730]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="293 - 326" refId="ref21831" refString="DEYRUP M., DAVIS L. &amp; COVER S., 2000. - Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 126: 293 - 326." type="journal article" year="2000">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E52FFC8553232BDFEDFF909" baselines="1723,1724" box="[256,357,1704,1730]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Deyrup" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">DEYRUP</smallCapsWord>
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC8555E32BCFE0AF90A" box="[364,432,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.,</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
) (ANTWEB: CASENT0173254). (
<figureCitation id="137E2A053E52FFC8579232BDFBBAF90A" box="[928,1024,1704,1730]" captionStart="Map 33" captionStartId="34.[247,293,1906,1927]" captionTargetBox="[251,1382,1084,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-37@34.[247,1386,1080,1885]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Map 33. Distribution of Strumigenys emmae (Emery, 1890)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710406/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Map 33</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E52FFCB54C532C2FC0BFEF5" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E52FFCB54C532C2FC0BFEF5" blockId="32.[247,1386,1751,1919]" lastBlockId="35.[247,1386,186,318]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
This Pantropical species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E52FFC8561932CDFD75F93A" author="KEMPF W." box="[555,719,1752,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="3 - 344" refId="ref23025" refString="KEMPF W., 1972. - Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 15: 3 - 344." type="journal article" year="1972">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E52FFC8561932CDFD3AF939" baselines="1771,1772" box="[555,640,1752,1778]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Kempf" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">KEMPF</smallCapsWord>
, 1972
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E52FFC856E932CDFC3DF93A" author="BROWN W. L." box="[731,903,1752,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="43 - 51" refId="ref21026" refString="BROWN W. L., 1949. - Revision of the ant tribe Dacetini: III. Epitritus Emery and Quadristruma new genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 75: 43 - 51." type="journal article" year="1949">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E52FFC856E932CDFC82F938" baselines="1771,1771" box="[731,824,1752,1778]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Brown" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BROWN</smallCapsWord>
, 1949
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E52FFC857A132CDFBFFF93A" author="BOLTON B." box="[915,1093,1752,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="267 - 416" refId="ref20832" refString="BOLTON B., 1983. - The Afrotropical dacetine ants (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 46: 267 - 416." type="journal article" year="1983">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E52FFC857A132CDFC42F938" baselines="1771,1771" box="[915,1016,1752,1778]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Bolton" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BOLTON</smallCapsWord>
, 1983
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E52FFC8506332CDFAFCF939" author="BOLTON B. &amp; ALPERT G. &amp; WARD P. S. &amp; NASKRECKI P." box="[1105,1350,1751,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref20890" refString="BOLTON B., ALPERT G., WARD P. S. &amp; NASKRECKI P., 2006. - Bolton's Catalogue of Ants of the World: 1758 - 2005. Harvard University Press, USA. CD - ROM." type="book" year="2006">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E52FFC8506332CDFB0CF938" baselines="1771,1771" box="[1105,1206,1752,1778]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Bolton" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">BOLTON</smallCapsWord>
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC8508F32CDFABAF939" box="[1213,1280,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.,</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
) is a tramp ant, which was introduced to
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E52FFC8568932EEFC80F8DD" box="[699,826,1787,1813]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
and has now been collected from four islands. It was reported for the first time in 1997 from a natural area in the Humid Zone of Floreana Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E52FFC855643354FDD4F893" author="PEZZATTI P. &amp; IRZAN T. &amp; CHERIX D." box="[342,622,1857,1883]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="11 - 20" refId="ref24718" refString="PEZZATTI P., IRZAN T. &amp; CHERIX D., 1998. - Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Floreana: lost paradise? Noticias de Galapagos, 59: 11 - 20." type="journal article" year="1998">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E52FFC855643354FE70F892" baselines="1876,1877" box="[342,458,1857,1883]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Pezzatti" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">PEZZATTI</smallCapsWord>
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC855E53357FD9AF893" box="[471,544,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al.,</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E52FFC856BA3354FCC5F893" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[648,895,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC856BA3354FCC5F893" box="[648,895,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Strumigenys emmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an inhabitant of leaf litter in moist habitats. On Alcedo volcano, however, it was found in dry habitats near
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E52FFC8507B3371FB0BF8B6" box="[1097,1201,1892,1918]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Scalesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC8507B3371FB0BF8B6" box="[1097,1201,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E52FFC8508C3370FAD8F8B6" baseAuthorityName="BOADA" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1214,1378,1892,1918]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graveolens">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E52FFC8508C3370FAD8F8B6" box="[1214,1378,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B. graveolens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E51FFCB54C534AEFD0DFEB1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<specimenCount id="9D43FD093E51FFCB54C534AEFEA2FF1C" box="[247,280,187,212]" count="35" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB54C534AEFEA2FF1C" box="[247,280,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">W.</emphasis>
</specimenCount>
ovata and
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB55AE34AFFCB2FF1C" ID-CoL="KVTZ" authority="(L.)" box="[412,776,186,212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bastardia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscosa">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB55AE34AFFDC9FF1C" box="[412,627,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bastardia viscosa</emphasis>
(L.) Kunth)
</taxonomicName>
. This species can be found in urban areas (gardens mainly) and disturbed and cultivated areas.
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB570434C8FB95FF3F" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[822,1071,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB570434C8FB95FF3F" box="[822,1071,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Strumigenys emmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has received very little attention in
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E51FFCB55A63515FDACFED2" box="[404,534,256,282]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Galápagos</collectingRegion>
, however it is a good colonizer and could be affecting terrestrial invertebrate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB55A53531FD35FEF6" author="DEYRUP M. &amp; DAVIS L. &amp; COVER S." box="[407,655,291,318]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="293 - 326" refId="ref21831" refString="DEYRUP M., DAVIS L. &amp; COVER S., 2000. - Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 126: 293 - 326." type="journal article" year="2000">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB56363531FDFDFEF5" box="[516,583,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.,</emphasis>
2000
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;
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB57253531FCE9FEF5" box="[791,851,291,317]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006
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).
<caption id="DF3A66083E53FFC954C537F9FBB1FBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13710400" box="[247,1035,1003,1025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710400/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[247,293,1004,1025]" targetBox="[251,1382,182,979]" targetPageId="33" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E53FFC954C537F9FBB1FBC8" blockId="33.[247,1035,1003,1025]" box="[247,1035,1003,1025]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Map 30. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E53FFC955DE37FEFBBDFBC8" authority="Pacheco, Herrera &amp; Mackay, 2007" authorityName="Pacheco, Herrera &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2007" box="[492,1031,1003,1025]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gnoma">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E53FFC955DE37FEFD1BFBC9" box="[492,673,1003,1025]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Solenopsis gnoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E53FFC9569A37FEFBBDFBC8" author="PACHECO J. &amp; HERRERA H. W. &amp; MACKAY W." box="[680,1031,1003,1025]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="1075 - 1086" refId="ref24285" refString="PACHECO J., HERRERA H. W. &amp; MACKAY W., 2007. - A new species of thief ant of the genus Solenopsis from the Galapagos Islands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 50 (3): 1075 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2007">Pacheco, Herrera &amp; Mackay, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BFA36803E53FFC954C53366FC8CF840" blockId="33.[247,822,1906,1929]" box="[247,822,1906,1929]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Map 31. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E53FFC955DE3366FDC0F840" box="[492,634,1907,1928]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E53FFC955DE3366FDE2F840" box="[492,600,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Solenopsis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
hh06 (
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E53FFC956F23366FC92F840" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1895" box="[704,808,1907,1929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Solenopsis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="basalis">
cf.
<emphasis id="B931EA923E53FFC956D33366FC92F840" box="[737,808,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">basalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3A66083E50FFCA54C537F9FCEDFBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13710404" box="[247,855,1003,1025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710404/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[247,293,1004,1025]" targetBox="[251,1382,182,979]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E50FFCA54C537F9FCEDFBC8" blockId="34.[247,855,1003,1025]" box="[247,855,1003,1025]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Map 32. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E50FFCA55DE37F9FCE9FBC8" authority="(Emery, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[492,851,1003,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eggersi">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E50FFCA55DE37F9FD02FBC9" box="[492,696,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Strumigenys eggersi</emphasis>
(Emery, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF3A66083E50FFCA54C53367FCEFF84F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710406" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13710406" box="[247,853,1905,1927]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710406/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[247,293,1906,1927]" targetBox="[251,1382,1084,1883]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E50FFCA54C53367FCEFF84F" blockId="34.[247,853,1905,1927]" box="[247,853,1905,1927]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Map 33. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E50FFCA55DE3367FCEAF84F" authority="(Emery, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[492,848,1906,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emmae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E50FFCA55DE3367FD0FF84F" box="[492,693,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Strumigenys emmae</emphasis>
(Emery, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E51FFCB54C5354AFD0DFEB1" box="[247,695,351,378]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E51FFCB54C5354AFD0DFEB1" blockId="35.[247,762,351,413]" box="[247,695,351,378]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB54C5354AFD0DFEB1" ID-CoL="536DV" authority="Roger, 1863" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[247,695,351,378]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="louisianae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB54C5354AFDA1FEB2" bold="true" box="[247,539,351,378]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Strumigenys louisianae</emphasis>
Roger, 1863
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E51FFCB54C53596FD40FE55" box="[247,762,386,413]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E51FFCB54C53596FD40FE55" blockId="35.[247,762,351,413]" box="[247,762,386,413]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
(ANTWEB: CASENT0173257). (
<figureCitation id="137E2A053E51FFCB56A33596FD48FE55" box="[657,754,387,413]" captionStart="Map 34" captionStartId="36.[247,293,1004,1025]" captionTargetBox="[251,1382,182,979]" captionTargetId="figure-26@36.[247,1386,178,983]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Map 34. Distribution of Strumigenys louisianae Roger, 1863." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13710408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13710408/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Map 34</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F650B3E51FFCB54C535A7FDE3FC13" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFA36803E51FFCB54C535A7FDE3FC13" blockId="35.[247,1386,434,988]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Widespread in the Americas, from Southern
<collectingCountry id="F35276103E51FFCB577235A7FC53FE04" box="[832,1001,434,460]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">United States</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F35276103E51FFCB502D35A7FB22FE04" box="[1055,1176,434,460]" name="Argentina" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB508235A7FADEFE04" author="BROWN W. L." box="[1200,1380,434,461]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="58 - 69" refId="ref21108" refString="BROWN W. L., 1961. - The Neotropical species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith: miscellaneous concluding studies. Psyche, 68: 58 - 69." type="journal article" year="1961">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB508235A7FAB4FE03" baselines="453,454" box="[1200,1294,434,460]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Brown" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BROWN</smallCapsWord>
, 1961
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB54C535C3FE13FE27" author="BROWN W. L." box="[247,425,469,496]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="238 - 267" refId="ref21141" refString="BROWN W. L., 1962. - The neotropical species of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith: Synopsis and keys to the species. Psyche, 69 (4): 238 - 267." type="journal article" year="1962">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB54C535C3FEEEFE26" baselines="489,489" box="[247,340,470,496]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Brown" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BROWN</smallCapsWord>
, 1962
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB558E35C3FDDCFE38" author="KEMPF W." box="[444,614,470,496]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="3 - 344" refId="ref23025" refString="KEMPF W., 1972. - Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica, 15: 3 - 344." type="journal article" year="1972">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB558E35C3FDAAFE27" baselines="489,490" box="[444,528,470,496]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Kempf" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">KEMPF</smallCapsWord>
, 1972
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB564B35C3FCF2FE38" author="BRANDAO R." box="[633,840,469,496]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="319 - 412" refId="ref20933" refString="BRANDAO R., 1991. - Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35: 319 - 412." type="journal article" year="1991">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB564B35C3FD49FE26" baselines="489,488" box="[633,755,469,496]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Brandao" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BRANDÃO</smallCapsWord>
, 1991
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB576935C3FBDDFE27" author="BOLTON B. &amp; ALPERT G. &amp; WARD P. S. &amp; NASKRECKI P." box="[859,1127,469,496]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refId="ref20890" refString="BOLTON B., ALPERT G., WARD P. S. &amp; NASKRECKI P., 2006. - Bolton's Catalogue of Ants of the World: 1758 - 2005. Harvard University Press, USA. CD - ROM." type="book" year="2006">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB576935C3FC7AFE26" baselines="489,489" box="[859,960,470,496]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Bolton" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">BOLTON</smallCapsWord>
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB57FC35C3FBA2FE27" box="[974,1048,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.,</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB504B35C3FB44FE27" baselines="489,490" box="[1145,1278,470,496]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Wetterer" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">WETTERER</smallCapsWord>
2014b).
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB54C535ECFDAEFDDB" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[247,532,505,531]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="louisianae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB54C535ECFDAEFDDB" box="[247,532,505,531]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Strumigenys louisianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an introduced ant that is only recorded on the inhabited islands. It was recorded for the first time in 19811982 on
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E51FFCB57723609FC7EFDFE" box="[832,964,540,566]" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB57E73609FBD4FDFE" author="LUBIN Y. D." box="[981,1134,540,566]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="229 - 242" refId="ref23454" refString="LUBIN Y. D., 1984. - Changes in the native fauna of Galapagos Islands following invasion by the little red fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 21: 229 - 242." type="journal article" year="1984">Lubin, 1984</bibRefCitation>
). Nests can be found under soil and rotten wood. It is the most common
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB57AF362AFB2DFD91" box="[925,1175,575,601]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB57AF362AFB88FD91" box="[925,1074,575,601]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Strumigenys</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
collected in the Transition and Humid Zone. In the Humid Zone it usually occurs in leaf litter where it preys on
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB54C53690FE3EFD57" authorityName="Lubbock J" authorityYear="1870" box="[247,388,645,671]" class="Collembola" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Collembola</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB55A03690FD94FD57" author="LUBIN Y. D." box="[402,558,645,672]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="229 - 242" refId="ref23454" refString="LUBIN Y. D., 1984. - Changes in the native fauna of Galapagos Islands following invasion by the little red fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 21: 229 - 242." type="journal article" year="1984">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB55A03690FE5AFD56" baselines="664,665" box="[402,480,645,671]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Lubin" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">LUBIN</smallCapsWord>
, 1984
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB560A3693FC96FD57" author="DEYRUP M. &amp; DAVIS L. &amp; COVER S." box="[568,812,645,672]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="293 - 326" refId="ref21831" refString="DEYRUP M., DAVIS L. &amp; COVER S., 2000. - Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 126: 293 - 326." type="journal article" year="2000">
<smallCapsWord id="8D1CA05C3E51FFCB560A3693FD26FD56" baselines="665,665" box="[568,668,646,672]" lowerCaseFontSize="9" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Deyrup" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">DEYRUP</smallCapsWord>
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB56903693FD5EFD57" box="[674,740,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.,</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB570D3693FBE2FD57" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[831,1112,645,672]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="louisianae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB570D3693FBE2FD57" box="[831,1112,645,672]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Strumigenys louisianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also inhabits disturbed areas including gardens in human settlements. Other records come from forests of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB54C536D9FE10FD2D" box="[247,426,715,742]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Scalesia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB54C536D9FE10FD2D" box="[247,426,715,742]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. pedunculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB558E36D9FCE1FD2D" box="[444,859,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB558E36D9FD3AFD2D" box="[444,640,715,741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="galapageium">P. galapageium</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB56BD36D9FCE1FD2D" box="[655,859,715,741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robinsoniana">M. robinsoniana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB57A936D9FB9AFD2D" box="[923,1056,716,741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB57A936D9FB9AFD2D" box="[923,1056,716,741]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P. guajava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In cultivated areas it was found on the crops
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB55D636FAFD32FCC0" box="[484,648,751,776]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Persea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB55D636FAFD32FCC0" box="[484,648,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">P. americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB56AA36FAFC98FCC0" box="[664,802,750,777]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB56AA36FAFCA7FCC0" box="[664,797,750,777]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">C. arabica</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB571836FAFBE2FCC0" authorityName="Lambinon" authorityYear="2004" box="[810,1112,750,777]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Brassica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="oleracea" variety="capitata">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB571836FAFC0CFCC0" box="[810,950,750,776]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B. oleracea</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB57C736FAFBE2FCC0" box="[1013,1112,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">capitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB505A36FAFC6AFCE3" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB505A36FAFB70FCC0" box="[1128,1226,751,776]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">Z. mays</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB50E536FAFADEFCC0" box="[1239,1380,751,777]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Ananas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosus">A. comosus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB54C53707FE34FCE3" box="[247,398,785,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betaceum">S. betaceum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB55AF3707FDE1FCE3" box="[413,603,785,811]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">M. paradisiaca</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB565B3707FD45FCE3" box="[617,767,786,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quitoense">S. quitoense</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB573C3707FC6AFCE3" box="[782,976,785,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopersicum">S. lycopersicum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB57D33704FB3FFCE4" box="[993,1157,785,812]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB57D33704FBE3FCE3" box="[993,1113,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Paspalum</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB50F73707FAD8FCE3" box="[1221,1378,785,811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB50F73707FAD8FCE3" box="[1221,1378,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">M. esculenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB55973720FDEAFC87" author="LUBIN Y. D." box="[421,592,821,847]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="229 - 242" refId="ref23454" refString="LUBIN Y. D., 1984. - Changes in the native fauna of Galapagos Islands following invasion by the little red fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 21: 229 - 242." type="journal article" year="1984">
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(1984)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB56533720FCBAFC87" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[609,768,821,847]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="louisianae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB56533720FCBAFC87" box="[609,768,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. louisianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the few species that is not affected by
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB54C5374CFE7BFCBA" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[247,449,857,882]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auropunctata">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB54C5374CFE7BFCBA" box="[247,449,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">W. auropunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, recent observations from farms of Bellavista Village (
<collectingRegion id="4981F8623E51FFCB5116374DFE88FC5D" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
Island), revealed that nests of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB5693376EFC86FC5D" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[673,828,891,917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Strumigenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="louisianae">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB5693376EFC86FC5D" box="[673,828,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. louisianae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be preyed upon by
<taxonomicName id="4C454D033E51FFCB50693769FA9FFC5D" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1115,1317,892,917]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Wasmannia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auropunctata">
<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB50693769FA9FFC5D" box="[1115,1317,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">W. auropunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This ant is a predator of small arthropods, but little is known about its impact in Galapagos (
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, 1953;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B713E51FFCB557137D4FDF6FC13" author="CAUSTON C. E. &amp; PECK S. &amp; SINCLAIR B. J. &amp; ROQUE &amp; ALBELO L. &amp; HODGSON C. J. &amp; LANDRY B." box="[323,588,961,988]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="121 - 143" refId="ref21457" refString="CAUSTON C. E., PECK S. B, SINCLAIR B. J., ROQUE - ALBELO L., HODGSON C. J. &amp; LANDRY B., 2006. - Alien insects: threats and implications for the conservation of the Galapagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99: 121 - 143." type="journal article" year="2006">
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<emphasis id="B931EA923E51FFCB558D37D7FE4EFC13" box="[447,500,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>