treatments-xml/data/02/75/87/027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319.xml

<document id="C3BE279F07CD13DFC3A456933C32F6E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Brachypogon Kieffer" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EAE3F765AC7F4642E7433977560C39A9">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5589809" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5589809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD18304EFD6F1FFA4912E319" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" blockId="54.[426,1161,1519,1579]" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" ID-CoL="9G2F7" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD6F1FFA4EEBE40E" bold="true" box="[663,923,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FD6F1FFA4E4AE40D" bold="true" box="[663,826,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Brachypogon</emphasis>
Kieffer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FE521C0749F9E42F" box="[426,1161,1554,1579]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FE521C0749F9E42F" blockId="54.[426,1161,1519,1579]" box="[426,1161,1554,1579]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
(
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FE4B1C074F55E42F" box="[435,549,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs. 13D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FDC81C074F11E42F" box="[560,609,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">15C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD951C074FD0E42F" box="[621,672,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle &amp; Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">19K</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD531C074FAEE42F" box="[683,734,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">24D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD111C074E6CE42F" box="[745,796,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">29O</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FCDF1C074E20E42F" box="[807,848,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">32I</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FCA31C074EFCE42F" box="[859,908,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">35C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FC6F1C074EB9E42F" box="[919,969,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">43R</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FC2C1C074977E42F" box="[980,1031,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">48D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FBEA1C074934E42F" box="[1042,1092,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">58B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FBB71C0749F0E42F" box="[1103,1152,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth &amp; Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">73K</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183040FF6F1C4F4842E4BF" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183040FF6F1C4F4842E4BF" blockId="54.[151,1437,1626,2009]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF6F1C4F4C44E477" bold="true" box="[151,308,1626,1651]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
: Only pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD183040FE251C4F4FECE477" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[477,668,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
with setae D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, and D-5-T tightly appressed and on a single, short tubercle (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FE441C6B4F5BE493" box="[444,555,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 29O</figureCitation>
). Also only pupa with prothoracic extension abutting the antenna but not extending to the palpus (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FE531CB74F61E4BF" box="[427,529,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
) and halter extending only to the anterior margin of tergite 2 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FB301CB74855E4BF" box="[1224,1317,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 32I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD183041FF3F1CD04F39E69D" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD183041FF3F1CD04F39E69D" blockId="54.[151,1437,1626,2009]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FF3F1CD04CFAE4DA" bold="true" box="[199,394,1733,1758]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
: Total length = 
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD183040FDBD1CD04F9DE4D9" box="[581,749,1733,1758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5799999999999998" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="1.5799999999999998" valueMax="2.03" valueMin="1.13">1.13–2.03 mm</quantity>
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FD241CFC4E33E506" box="[732,835,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
). Ecdysial tear medial to base of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FADE1CFC48E8E506" box="[1318,1432,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Figs. 15C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FF6F1D184DBBE522" box="[151,203,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">79D</figureCitation>
); along prothoracic extension. 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD183040FDD41D184F1CE522" bold="true" box="[556,620,1805,1830]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Head</emphasis>
: Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FCBA1D184EDCE522" box="[834,940,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle &amp; Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 19K</figureCitation>
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FC0E1D24492EE54E" box="[1014,1118,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FEDE1D6D4CFEE595" box="[294,398,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183040FB511D894861E5B1" box="[1193,1297,1948,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD183041FA961DD54DB8E2B4" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="264.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[215,1399,189,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-155@264.[176,1410,183,1764]" captionTargetPageId="264" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Culicoides circumscriptus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). B. Culicoides cubitalis (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). C. Culicoides truncorum (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). D. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). E. Paradasyhelea minuta (from Kettle &amp; Elson 1975a). F. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson- Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). G. Paradasyhelea reyei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). H. Ceratopogon boomerangus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). I. Ceratopogon abstrusus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). J. Ceratopogon arcanus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). M. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b). N. Baeodasymyia michaeli (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). O. Austrohelea campbellensis. P. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949130/files/figure.png" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 19K</figureCitation>
)—1 short seta present or absent, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, no campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FDA71AAE4FB5E2D0" box="[607,709,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
)—0–1 seta or 1 seta and 1 small pit; oculars (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FB381AAE4854E2D0" box="[1216,1316,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
)—2 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla. 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FE421ACA4F63E2FC" bold="true" box="[442,531,223,248]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Thorax</emphasis>
: Prothoracic extension (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FCCC1ACA4ED0E2FC" box="[820,928,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="269.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[195,1401,210,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-63@269.[186,1405,208,1929]" captionTargetPageId="269" captionText="FIGURE 24. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Culicoides guttipennis. B. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. C. Ceratopogon arcanus. D. Brachypogon sp. (Flag Glade, Pocahontas Co., West Virginia, USA). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli. G. Austrohelea campbellensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949152/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 24D</figureCitation>
) short, present only dorsolaterally abutting antenna, not extending to palpus; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FE6B1B334C8FE33B" box="[403,511,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 48D</figureCitation>
); respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FD121B334E22E33B" box="[746,850,294,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="288.[151,250,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[241,1367,200,1690]" captionTargetId="figure-197@288.[196,1378,196,1723]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURE 43. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Fig. 43T in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). B. Dasyhelea grisea (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). C. Dasyhelea traverae (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). D. Dasyhelea pseudocincta (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea leptobranchia (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). F. Dasyhelea brevicornis (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea hitchcocki (from Wirth 1976a). H. Culicoides chiopterus (from Jamnback 1965). I. Culicoides furens (from Jamnback 1965). J. Culicoides guttipennis (from Jamnback 1965). K. Culicoides dewulfi (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952, as C. pseudochiopterus). L. Culicoides punctatus (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). M. Culicoides sanguisuga (from Jamnback 1965). N. Culicoides variipennis (from Jamnback 1965). O. Paradasyhelea albipunctata (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). P. Ceratopogon inverecundus (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). Q. Ceratopogon willisi (from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). R. Brachypogon sp. (from Virginia, USA). S. Alluaudomyia needhami (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). T. Alluaudomyia fumosipennis (from Debenham 1971)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949206" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949206/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 43R</figureCitation>
) length/width = 2.37–4.77, moderately elongate to elongate, with blunt apex, area with single subbasal spiracle slightly expanded, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with one additional subbasal pore, outer surface with annulations, without other surface modifications, with or without short, wide pedicel, base without posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with weak spirals restricted to base; wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC8F1BCC4EADE3F6" box="[887,989,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
) with apical tubercle lateral to apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC261BE8494AE012" box="[990,1082,509,534]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 32I</figureCitation>
) just separate to just touching; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC2918344947E03E" box="[977,1079,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="280.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[207,1370,219,1888]" captionTargetId="figure-83@280.[197,1391,206,1892]" captionTargetPageId="280" captionText="FIGURE 35. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Paradasyhelea sp. (from Borlase Stream, Lake Rotoiti, New Zealand). B. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. C. Brachypogon sp. (from Spanish Lake, 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Alluaudomyia needhami. E. Baeodasymyia michaeli. F. Austrohelea campbellensis (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949188/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 35C</figureCitation>
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FBB8185149EFE059" box="[1088,1183,580,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 32I</figureCitation>
); with apex of foreleg well anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg slightly dorsal to, partially abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 seta; anterolaterals—2 setae; dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC3C1899495FE0A1" box="[964,1071,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 29O</figureCitation>
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, all on one tubercle, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FD7818C64F96E0E8" box="[640,742,723,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 48D</figureCitation>
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax. 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FEB118E24CCDE114" bold="true" box="[329,445,759,784]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Abdomen</emphasis>
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FD45192B4E5CE153" box="[701,812,830,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth &amp; Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 73K</figureCitation>
) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally to nearly laterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FEF719934C0CE19B" box="[271,380,902,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="293.[151,250,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[193,1408,188,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-61@293.[189,1420,188,1927]" captionTargetPageId="293" captionText="FIGURE 48. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Culicoides haematopotus. B. Paradasyhelea minuta. C. Ceratopogon sp. nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia needhami. F. Baeodasymyia michaeli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949222/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 48D</figureCitation>
) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FC9619BF4EA1E1C7" box="[878,977,938,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="303.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[185,1397,211,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-52@303.[176,1407,205,1944]" captionTargetPageId="303" captionText="FIGURE 58. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Ceratopogon nr. inverecundus. B. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). C. Alluaudomyia needhami." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949254/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 58B</figureCitation>
)—D-2-IV peg-like or slender seta, D-3- IV moderately elongate seta on separate tubercles; D-5-IV short seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV moderately elongate setae; on short, separate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4- IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2- IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short to moderately elongate setae on rounded tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD193041FB271E494833E671" box="[1247,1347,1116,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="318.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,197,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-189@318.[211,1371,188,1757]" captionTargetPageId="318" captionText="FIGURE 73. Abdominal segments 9. A. Dasyhelea laeta, female, in ventral view (from Mayer 1934c). B. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). C. Dasyhelea assimilis, male, in lateral view with ventral to the right (from Mayer 1934c). D. Dasyhelea grisea, male, in dorsal view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). E. Dasyhelea chani, female, in dorsal view (from Wirth &amp; Linley 1990). F. Dasyhelea atlantis, female, in ventral view (from Waugh &amp; Wirth 1976). G. Dasyhelea gluchovae, female, in ventral view (from Brodskaya 1996). H. Culicoides haematopotus, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). I. Paradasyhelea albipunctata, female, in dorsal view (Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985a). J. Ceratopogon boomerangus, female, in ventral view (modified from Borkent &amp; Grogan 1995). K. Brachypogon artemis, female, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1991). L. Alluaudomyia appendiculata, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1985b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949314/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 73K</figureCitation>
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD193041FF3F1EB14F80E748" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1EB14F80E748" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF3F1EB14F2EE6B9" bold="true" box="[199,606,1188,1213]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
: The genus 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FD141EB14EF3E6B9" box="[748,899,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FD141EB14EF3E6B9" box="[748,899,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from 200 species from every Region worldwide (
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FED81ED24CB4E6E4" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[288,452,1223,1248]" genus="Borkent" pageId="55" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FED81ED24CB4E6E4" author="Borkent" box="[288,452,1223,1248]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Immatures are generally in such small to moderately sized lentic habitats as pools, marshes, bogs and fens as well as the mud, sand or detritus at the margins of streams and creeks. At least within the Nearctic, species are diverse and often common in bogs and fens. At least two species were common as adults in the intertidial zone in western 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FE131F264F15E748" box="[491,613,1331,1356]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD193041FF3F1F434FF5E519" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1F4348FEE76B" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" box="[199,1422,1366,1391]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF3F1F434F5BE76B" bold="true" box="[199,555,1366,1391]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
: There are only seven species of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FC591F434948E76B" box="[929,1080,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FC591F434948E76B" box="[929,1080,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known as pupae (
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD193041FAFA1F4348F1E76B" box="[1282,1409,1366,1391]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as &quot;sp.&quot; are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1F6F4E25E426" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Some previous descriptions have included illustrations of the respiratory organ with pores only at the apex (
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF661F8B4C5CE7B3" author="Mayer" box="[158,300,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="162 - 165" refId="ref190523" refString="Mayer, K. (1940) Zwei neue Arten der Gattung Helea (Dipt. Ceratopogonidae) aus Lappland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 129 (5 / 6), 162 - 165." type="journal article" year="1940">Mayer 1940</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FEC01F8B4F4EE7B3" author="Kettle &amp; Lawson" box="[312,574,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Kettle" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="421 - 467" refId="ref187577" refString="Kettle, D. S. &amp; Lawson, J. W. H. (1952) The early stages of British biting midges Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and allied genera. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 43, 421 - 467, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1952">Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FDB31F8B4E7AE7B3" author="Glukhova" box="[587,778,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Glukhova" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref183704" refString="Glukhova, V. M. (1979 b) Descriptions of new species of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Entomologischeskoe Obozrenie, 58, 161 - 171 [in Russian, English summary, English translation in Entomological Review, 58 (1), 93 - 99]" type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">
Glukhova 1979 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FD031F8B4E7AE7B3" author="De Meillon, B. &amp; Wirth, W. W." box="[763,778,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="b" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="525 - 561" refId="ref181048" refString="De Meillon, B. &amp; Wirth, W. W. (1981) Subsaharan Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) VI. New species and records of South African biting midges collected by A. L. Dyce. Annals of the Natal Museum, 24, 525 - 561." type="journal article" year="1981">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Harris 1981, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FC531F8B490DE7B3" author="Elson-Harris" box="[939,1149,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FB721F8B48E8E7B3" author="Szadziewski" box="[1162,1432,1438,1463]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Szadziewski" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref197336" refString="Szadziewski, R., Kaczorowska, E. &amp; Krzywinski, J. (1994) The predaceous midges of the subgenus Isohelea of Brachypogon in Poland (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Acta zoologica cracoviensia, 37, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1994">Szadziewski et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF6F1FD74DA3E7DF" author="Szadziewski" box="[151,211,1474,1499]" firstAuthor="Szadziewski" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="243 - 263" refId="ref197380" refString="Szadziewski, R., Krzywinski, J. &amp; Gilka, W. (1997) Diptera Ceratopogonidae, Biting Midges. In: Nilsson, A. N. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of North Europe - A taxonomic handbook. Vol. 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 243 - 263." type="book chapter" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
). All specimens examined here had an additional pore near the base and in some instances this was difficult to see. If present in all 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FE8E1FF04F7DE7FA" box="[374,525,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FE8E1FF04F7DE7FA" box="[374,525,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the arrangement of pores and the squat, rectangular to somewhat funnel-shape of the respiratory organ would be unique in the 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FD761C1C4E21E426" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[654,849,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1C384E70E488" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF3F1C384CE4E442" author="Debenham" box="[199,404,1581,1606]" firstAuthor="Debenham" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="765 - 806" refId="ref180548" refString="Debenham, M. L. (1991) Australian and New Guinea species of the biting midge genus Brachypogon (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Invertebrate Taxon o my, 5, 765 - 806. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9910765" type="journal article" year="1991">Debenham (1991)</bibRefCitation>
illustrates three species of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FD2B1C384E1AE442" box="[723,874,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FD2B1C384E1AE442" box="[723,874,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FC4C1C38496AE442" box="[948,1050,1581,1606]" name="Australia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Australia</collectingCountry>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FBAF1C3B4984E442" author="Mayer" box="[1111,1268,1581,1606]" firstAuthor="Mayer" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="162 - 165" refId="ref190523" refString="Mayer, K. (1940) Zwei neue Arten der Gattung Helea (Dipt. Ceratopogonidae) aus Lappland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 129 (5 / 6), 162 - 165." type="journal article" year="1940">Mayer (1940)</bibRefCitation>
described one species from 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FED41C444CF4E46E" box="[300,388,1617,1642]" name="Sweden" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sweden</collectingCountry>
with only two posterior lateral sensilla on segment 4 (likely L-3-IV, L-4-IV) but these should be reexamined for the smaller L-2-IV possibly present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD193041FF3F1C8D4FF5E519" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD193041FF3F1C8D4C90E4B5" author="Thienemann" box="[199,480,1688,1713]" firstAuthor="Thienemann" page="176" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="167 - 262" refId="ref197550" refString="Thienemann, A. (1936) Alpine Chironomiden. (Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen in der Gegend von Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Oberbayern). Archiv fu r Hydrobiologie, 30, 167 - 262." type="journal article" year="1936">Thienemann (1936:176)</bibRefCitation>
described a pupa as &quot;genus incertum&quot; that is almost certainly a species of 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FF6F1CA94C5EE4D1" box="[151,302,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF6F1CA94C5EE4D1" box="[151,302,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brachypogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has the characteristic respiratory organ shape and arrangement of pores (one basal) and the distribution of abdominal sensilla matches fairly well (there is an extra anterior lateral sensillum that would be unique to the genus but was likely an error).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD19304EFF3F1D3D4912E319" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD19304EFF3F1D3D4912E319" blockId="55.[151,1436,151,2037]" lastBlockId="56.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF3F1D3D4F72E545" bold="true" box="[199,514,1832,1857]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FDEA1D3C4FE4E545" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[530,660,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FDEA1D3C4FE4E545" box="[530,660,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B. nitidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae, Zaklin'e, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD193041FC281D3D49C2E545" box="[976,1202,1832,1857]" country="Russia" name="Leningrad" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Leningrad Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FB461D3D487BE545" box="[1214,1291,1832,1857]" name="Russia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FAE01D3D48ECE545" box="[1304,1436,1832,1857]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1972-06-24">24-VI-1972</date>
(ZIN). 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FF1F1D584C37E560" box="[231,327,1869,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taivoi">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FF1F1D584C37E560" box="[231,327,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B. taivoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae, Chu river, Kochkorka, Issyk-Kul Province, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FBFE1D5849FAE561" box="[1030,1162,1869,1893]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FB6D1D59485CE561" box="[1173,1324,1868,1893]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1971-08-30">30-VIII-1971</date>
(ZIN). 
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD193041FA7C1D584C63E58C" authorityName="Glukhova" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Brachypogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FA7C1D584C63E58C" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B. ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 2 pupal exuviae, Ussuri Nature Reserve, Primorskii Territory, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FC2F1D654955E58D" box="[983,1061,1904,1929]" name="Russia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FBC81D6549D6E58D" box="[1072,1190,1904,1929]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1973-06-06">6-VI-1973</date>
(ZIN). 
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD193041FB041D64487DE58C" box="[1276,1293,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">B</emphasis>
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), 
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD193041FE761D814CB7E5A9" box="[398,455,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
E Salmon Arm, BC, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FD4E1D814E7DE5A9" box="[694,781,1940,1965]" name="Canada" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FCE01D814EFEE5A9" box="[792,910,1940,1965]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1990-06-06">6-VI-1990</date>
(CNCI); 
<specimenCount id="9CDAFD56BD193041FC011D814937E5A8" box="[1017,1095,1940,1965]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
, 3 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Spanish Lake, 
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD193041FEB91DAD4C0CE5D5" box="[321,380,1976,2001]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
E. Falkland, 
<geoCoordinate id="EFE85018BD193041FDE11DAD4FE4E5D5" box="[537,660,1976,2001]" degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="29.12" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="9" value="50.485332">50°29.12N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EFE85018BD193041FD651DAD4E5BE5D5" box="[669,811,1976,2001]" degrees="119" direction="west" minutes="28.07" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="9" value="-119.467834">119°28.07W</geoCoordinate>
, BC, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FC961DAD4EB5E5D5" box="[878,965,1976,2001]" name="Canada" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FC2A1DAD4900E5D5" box="[978,1136,1976,2001]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2008-05-27" valueMax="2008-05-28" valueMin="2008-05-27">27-28-V-2008</date>
(CNCI); 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Mountain Lake, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD193041FE621DC84F64E5F1" box="[410,532,2012,2037]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New York</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD193041FDDB1DC94F2EE5F1" box="[547,606,2012,2037]" name="United States of America" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD193041FD961DC94FA8E5F1" box="[622,728,2012,2037]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1960-05-03">3-V-1960</date>
(NYSM); 2 pupal exuviae, Flag Glade, Pocahontas County, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD16304EFF6F1A824D85E2B4" box="[151,245,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Virginia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFEFE1A824C31E2B4" box="[262,321,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFEAA1A824CA5E2B4" box="[338,469,151,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1976-06-24">24-VI-1976</date>
(VPIC); 5 pupal exuviae, 
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD16304EFCE21A824E29E2B4" box="[794,857,151,176]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
downstream lower Cascade Falls, Giles County, 
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD16304EFF6F1AA94D85E2D1" box="[151,245,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Virginia</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFEF91AA94C4CE2D1" box="[257,316,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">USA</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFEB01AA94CB8E2D1" box="[328,456,188,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1977-07-03">3-VII-1977</date>
(5 VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFB251AA94866E2D7" box="[1245,1302,188,211]" name="Laos" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFADB1AA948ECE2D1" box="[1315,1436,188,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1967-02-19">19-II-1967</date>
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Houay La stream, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFB9C1AF549EDE2F3" box="[1124,1181,224,247]" name="Laos" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFB501ACA485CE2FC" box="[1192,1324,223,248]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1967-11-25">25-XI-1967</date>
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Muong, 
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD16304EFCE81B114E39E31F" box="[784,841,260,283]" name="Laos" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Laos</collectingCountry>
, 
<date id="FE62101FBD16304EFCAC1B114E82E319" box="[852,1010,260,285]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1967-02-19" valueMax="1967-02-23" valueMin="1967-02-19">19-23-II-1967</date>
(BPBM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>