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<document id="C64F40624F4B01F4F135CC87C3DE3A4F" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD49301EFDB21C604D8CE40C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clastrieromyia Spinelli &amp; Grogan" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="105" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CBE264DD165C8DBE747F422D51070CDB">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81597C30DD4CCB40D30FC165B460FB1B">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D56FEBAE8940865594E7D021A7AB1925">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51E8BF42F18A15EA257CDE0E0775C422">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="21C67B08BD716097191E8E2C7BB5DD84" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD49301EFDB21C604D8CE40C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593067" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593067" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD49301EFDB21C604D8CE40C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD49301EFDB21C604D8CE40C" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD493011FDB21C604E98E48B" box="[586,1000,1653,1679]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD493011FDB21C604E98E48B" blockId="103.[516,1070,1653,1712]" box="[586,1000,1653,1679]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD493011FDB21C604E98E48B" ID-CoL="3QJS" authority="Spinelli &amp; Grogan" authorityName="Spinelli &amp; Grogan" box="[586,1000,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clastrieromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FDB21C604E98E48B" bold="true" box="[586,1000,1653,1679]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FDB21C604F8DE48B" bold="true" box="[586,765,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Clastrieromyia</emphasis>
Spinelli &amp; Grogan
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD493011FDFC1C82495EE4B4" box="[516,1070,1687,1712]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD493011FDFC1C82495EE4B4" blockId="103.[516,1070,1653,1712]" box="[516,1070,1687,1712]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
(
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FDF51C824F08E4B4" box="[525,632,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 22F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD7B1C824FC3E4B4" box="[643,691,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">28E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD461C824F9AE4B4" box="[702,746,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">31F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD0E1C824E56E4B4" box="[758,806,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">41B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FCCA1C824E12E4B4" box="[818,866,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">46L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC961C824EEDE4B4" box="[878,925,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">53E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC511C824EABE4B4" box="[937,987,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">70A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC1F1C824956E4B4" box="[999,1062,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">77I–J</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD493011FF6F1CCA4903E561" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD493011FF6F1CCA4903E561" blockId="103.[151,1437,1759,2037]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FF6F1CCA4C44E4FC" bold="true" box="[151,308,1759,1784]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
: Only pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD493011FE1A1CCA4FD1E4FC" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[482,673,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
with the metathorax with a single campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC271D114935E519" box="[991,1093,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
), apex of the halter extending posteriorly to about 1/6 length of tergite 2 (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD401D324E6CE544" box="[696,796,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 33L</figureCitation>
), D-7-I near D-3-I (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC021D32492FE544" box="[1018,1119,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
), abdominal segment 4 with each setae on a rounded tubercle (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FDEB1D594F09E561" box="[531,633,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 70A</figureCitation>
) and abdominal segment 8 without L-1-VIII.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD49301EFF3F1D7A4918E751" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD49301EFF3F1D7A4918E751" blockId="103.[151,1437,1759,2037]" lastBlockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FF3F1D7A4CFAE58C" bold="true" box="[199,394,1903,1928]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
: Total length =
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD493011FDBD1D7A4F9DE583" box="[581,749,1903,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.2">3.20–3.80 mm</quantity>
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC751D814E8FE5A9" box="[909,1023,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 16B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FBF51D814930E5A9" box="[1037,1088,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">33B</figureCitation>
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FD121DAD4E2AE5D5" box="[746,858,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="262.[151,250,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,178,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-91@262.[158,1431,175,1896]" captionTargetPageId="262" captionText="FIGURE 17. Anterior portion of heads. A. Jenkinshelea sp., in ventral view (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). B. Mallochohelea caudellii., in ventral view. C. Sphaeromias longipennis, in ventral view. D. Bezzia sp., in ventral view (6 km E Salmon Arm, BC, Canada). E. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada), in ventral view. F. Phaenobezzia sp., in ventral view (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949120/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FC9D1DAD4EE9E5D5" box="[869,921,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">79H</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD493011FC541DAD4E9CE5D5" bold="true" box="[940,1004,1976,2001]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Head</emphasis>
: Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD493011FB441DAD4850E5D5" box="[1212,1312,1976,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
), uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFF6F1A824D8CE2B4" box="[151,252,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFAC91A8248E4E2B4" box="[1329,1428,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD0F1ACA4E2BE2FC" box="[759,859,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFB671B114874E319" box="[1183,1284,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="267.[151,250,1855,1877]" captionTargetBox="[171,1424,182,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-117@267.[171,1431,182,1846]" captionTargetPageId="267" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). B. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). C. Bezzia mollis (from Mayer 1934c). D. Bezzia roldani (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). E. Bezzia brevicornis (from Spinelli 1983a). F. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). G. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). I. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979, modified). J. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). K. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). L. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949140" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949140/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 22F</figureCitation>
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum on very short tubercle; clypeal-labrals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFE0D1B594F28E361" box="[501,600,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFC6B1B594E86E361" box="[915,1014,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
)—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum.
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF6F1B7A4D80E38C" bold="true" box="[151,240,367,392]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Thorax</emphasis>
: Prothoracic extension (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFDF21B7A4F00E38C" box="[522,624,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="273.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[184,1410,198,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-65@273.[183,1415,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="273" captionText="FIGURE 28. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera. G. Palpomyia subasper. H. Phaenobezzia opaca. I. Paryphoconus grandis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949170/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 28E</figureCitation>
) wide, well-developed but very narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFF671BA24C7CE3D4" box="[159,268,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
); respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFDFD1BA24F00E3D4" box="[517,624,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="291.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionTargetBox="[238,1397,186,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-185@291.[187,1409,186,1751]" captionTargetPageId="291" captionText="FIGURE 46. Respiratory organs, most in dorsal view, Figs. 46G. in lateral view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Homohelea albitudinis (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Homohelea delanoe (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). C. Leehelea wasselli (from Elson-Harris 1987). D. Leehelea hispida (from Elson-Harris 1987). E. Sphaeromias longipennis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). F. Xenohelea galatea. G. Amerohelea sordidipes (from Lane et al. 1955). H. Bezzia glabra (from Wirth 1983b). I. Bezzia obelisca (from Wirth 1983a). J. Bezzia dorsasetula (from Wirth 1983a). K. Bezzia turkmenica (from Glukhova 1979b). L. Clastrieromyia dycei (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). M. Pachyhelea pachymera (from Spinelli 1983a). N. Palpomyia lineata (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). O. Palpomyia jonesi (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). P. Palpomyia belkini (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). Q. Palpomyia rufa (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). R. Palpomyia flaviceps (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1979). S. Phaenobezzia opaca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1982). T. Paryphoconus oliveirai (from Ronderos et al. 2007)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949214/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 46L</figureCitation>
) length/width = 3.13–4.08, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length; wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD2218524E33E064" box="[730,835,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
) with short tubercle at apex of hind leg, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFCA418794ECDE081" box="[860,957,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFD80189A4FADE0AC" box="[632,733,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="286.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[184,1384,199,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-70@286.[174,1406,191,1930]" captionTargetPageId="286" captionText="FIGURE 41. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Bezzia nobilis. B. Clastrieromyia dycei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Pachyhelea pachymera. D. Palpomyia occidentalis. E. Phaenobezzia opaca. F. Paryphoconus oliveirai (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949202/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 41B</figureCitation>
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFCF118A14E17E0C9" box="[777,871,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 33J</figureCitation>
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—1 long, 1 medium setae, 1 campaniform sensillum; anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFBFA18E94913E111" box="[1026,1123,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="276.[151,250,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-106@276.[177,1424,178,1864]" captionTargetPageId="276" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949178/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 31F</figureCitation>
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D- 5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T anterior to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFEBA19514CD5E159" box="[322,421,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax).
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFEB519724CB1E184" bold="true" box="[333,449,871,896]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Abdomen</emphasis>
: pigmentation light brown, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2-7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3-7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot (light brown), segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFADD19C14805E1E9" box="[1317,1397,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
I-J) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFDFD1E094F18E631" box="[517,616,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="298.[151,250,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[187,1401,196,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-60@298.[181,1412,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="298" captionText="FIGURE 53. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Leehelea hispida. B. Sphaeromias longipennis. C. Xenohelea galatea. D. Bezzia nobilis. E. Clastrieromyia dycei. F. Pachyhelea pachymera." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949240/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 53E</figureCitation>
) with 7 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFBFB1E2A491AE65C" box="[1027,1130,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="315.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[196,1408,221,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-45@315.[186,1418,215,1954]" captionTargetPageId="315" captionText="FIGURE 70. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Clastrieromyia dycei. B. Pachyhelea pachymera. C. Palpomyia jonesi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949300/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 70A</figureCitation>
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L- 1-IV short seta on rounded tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV moderately elongate seta on rounded tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV short setae, V-7-IV moderately elongate, on moderately elongate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV moderately closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD46301EFE1E1F294F28E751" box="[486,600,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="322.[151,250,1799,1821]" captionTargetBox="[215,1357,197,1773]" captionTargetId="figure-182@322.[208,1377,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="322" captionText="FIGURE 77. Abdominal segments 9. A. Homohelea delanoe, female, in dorsal view (from de Meillon &amp; Wirth 1981). B. Leehelea wasselli, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). C. Sphaeromias longipennis, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979). D. Xenohelea galatea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). E. Bezzia roldani, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). F. Bezzia roldani, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli &amp; Wirth 1989). G. Bezzia brevicornis, male, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). H. Bezzia acanthodes, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a). I. Clastrieromyia dycei, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). J. Clastrieromyia dycei, female, in ventral view (from Spinelli &amp; Grogan 1986). K. Pachyhelea pachymera, male, in ventral view (from Spinelli 1983a). L. Pachyhelea pachymera, female, in dorsal view (from Spinelli 1983a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949326/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Fig. 77I–J</figureCitation>
)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFF3F1F4A482CE799" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFF3F1F4A482CE799" blockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF3F1F4A4F2CE77C" bold="true" box="[199,604,1375,1400]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
: The genus
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFD1F1F4A4EE0E77C" box="[743,912,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clastrieromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFD1F1F4A4EE0E77C" box="[743,912,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Clastrieromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from four species in the Neotropical Region (
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFF0E1F914CE6E799" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[246,406,1412,1437]" genus="Borkent" pageId="104" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD46301EFF0E1F914CE6E799" author="Borkent" box="[246,406,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Immatures of the only known species have been collected from a cattle-trodden bog.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFF3F1FB24900E7C4" box="[199,1136,1447,1472]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFF3F1FB24900E7C4" blockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" box="[199,1136,1447,1472]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF3F1FB24F5BE7C4" bold="true" box="[199,555,1447,1472]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
: Only one species is known as a pupa (
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD46301EFC1C1FB24913E7C4" box="[996,1123,1447,1472]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as &quot;sp.&quot; are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD46301EFF3F1FD94D8CE40C" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD46301EFF3F1FD94D8CE40C" blockId="104.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFF3F1FD94F76E7E1" bold="true" box="[199,518,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD46301EFDE21FD94F0AE7E1" authorityName="Spinelli &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1986" box="[538,634,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clastrieromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dycei">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD46301EFDE21FD94F0AE7E1" box="[538,634,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">C. dycei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<materialsCitation id="3AB43C82BD46301EFD761FD94D89E40C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3391166487" collectingDate="1980-09-29" collectionCode="MLPA" country="Uruguay" location="Tacuarembo" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tacuarembo" typeStatus="paratype">
2 pupal exuviae (of
<typeStatus id="5567887DBD46301EFC791FD94E81E7E1" box="[897,1009,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
),
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD46301EFBF01FD949E5E7E1" box="[1032,1173,1484,1509]" country="Uruguay" name="Tacuarembo" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Tacuarembo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD46301EFB5D1FD94878E7E0" box="[1189,1288,1484,1508]" name="Uruguay" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD46301EFAE01FD948ECE7E1" box="[1304,1436,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="1980-09-29">
<collectingDate id="EE26E9F7BD46301EFAE01FD948ECE7E1" box="[1304,1436,1484,1509]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" value="1980-09-29">29-IX-1980</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ECCDAE1ABD46301EFF661FFA4D80E40C" box="[158,240,1519,1544]" pageId="104" pageNumber="105">MLPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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