plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/92/AD/F0/92ADF073031452A2B1D93D1072C3B8D2.xml

515 lines
63 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9667" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.981.53583" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8e14a5b5-aa20-4050-b2b4-f393764fc6c7" ID-PMC="PMC7644702" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-981-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7C44C797C4125A71BAE032A55E6FA5DC" ID-PubMed="33199958" ID-ZooBank="5194AAC86B8A473F8A41470A60182A0B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-981-1" checkinTime="1604011718171" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pall-Gergely, Barna, Sajan, Sheikh, Tripathy, Basudev, Meng, Kaibaryer, Asami, Takahiro &amp; Ablett, Jonathan D." docDate="2020" docId="92ADF073031452A2B1D93D1072C3B8D2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 981: 1-220" docOrigin="ZooKeys 981" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.981.53583" docTitle="Dicharax Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" id="7C44C797C4125A71BAE032A55E6FA5DC" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7C44C797C4125A71BAE032A55E6FA5DC" masterDocTitle="Genus-level revision of the Alycaeidae (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea), with an annotated species catalogue" masterLastPageNumber="220" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732398552916" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="91D437C2E1072AC5A530D762D08A3B69" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F4091D6B5C3550E843ED2D89B3133EB3">
<mods:title id="59E8BA7382EFBD8B164D369411D20F15">Genus-level revision of the Alycaeidae (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea), with an annotated species catalogue</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7A6DBB4ECB94F07DC18EE997DF5D9548" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4609A73D7FEC49141190840F8E516CE5">
<mods:roleTerm id="275D53DBAE6046AF37B59BB7D7C1883E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="192F6C9F938552162C6F29AFFDB78F2C">Pall-Gergely, Barna</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="763A26AEE9C7E3EB78AF8B82D9259E2C">Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Otto ut 15, Budapest, H- 1022, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="92C5239FCA2C70A84BD0C4C4D3E4A342" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6167-7221</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="833078196E5C5ECF09BA2253A88EF695" type="email">pallgergely2@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EDD4C566317D70496C57BE72635BF4BA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="69F6575BA285741BEA8E4B50A8555117">
<mods:roleTerm id="B89B42445813C9F05667F7ABB47C8EDA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="17828EA97AF73D1F8B1037A1E8B48F6B">Sajan, Sheikh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="099E9B13A9EE012392D4B9E1EE9C6D59">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India &amp; Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248 002, Uttarakhand, India</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="33B6FE30EE4825B6E44BD7CBB0A3EB22" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-6824</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="572D5E01F66FAD09354F5D446FF1955E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="07F9E2E7B0948ABAE9879B273C0C5826">
<mods:roleTerm id="765727BCACEA368B517E55B8F146AFC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="87CACA54643A2A04C6A74682AC51CD03">Tripathy, Basudev</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="865B0A069CC694712FCE97665297FDA7">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E047342BACA7CCEFA0B3F2E7682969F0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CD7FF8A446388E8396F983EDED6CC029">
<mods:roleTerm id="33A422D7D036D65ACD90858167CAB79F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CC6B9DBE088F50B7BF3CD1448A176C8B">Meng, Kaibaryer</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="65981BE7D62B9D36B7FA31AA2A7076CD">National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0CED3697BB125757C4471B3054C1457A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1DC359594DBABC8EE4A5D61A5235B99B">
<mods:roleTerm id="713459B27D73FD32AAD6106D6F4732AC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="64FC2CD02B23C21ECD9B463B23353FA8">Asami, Takahiro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0880C754CCDA34D14F0D6C6FFCF5EFBC">Department of Biology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390 - 8621, Japan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="82A1D5A867E8E46588C7D0A463154DEF" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5706-0272</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AE46A56E2A7E35ADD07D2ECFC508EB4B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FECE4AF7530DA9436EBA93AF55D17B69">
<mods:roleTerm id="F8C5C7E9E0D8266C50E0C157C9106F61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EE96BA65BE7AA60E36A07140D4E22B77">Ablett, Jonathan D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3C15E65BB4610D1E1A89FDB76C1CEC1A">Mollusca Section, Invertebrates Division, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museums, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EF20BCF37660C23E3C68B2A2BDBEAF06">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A6A3E0188CF08E83838B43D707C57D91" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="74C782A2AFC1A58AE62AAD9634A14585">
<mods:title id="BC256FAB64A44552228E11D60C01060F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="532575FD5B043A965DAFFB7A78B37693">
<mods:date id="B402EEB70962BA862A5DCEA206D37582">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A3111889879C6F22133F139C467F7D76" type="volume">
<mods:number id="802F0B337DE947A80127B84030CC1734">981</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="6B9A191745CC9AB7BE9859AC05BBBF57" unit="page">
<mods:start id="817B8F14077D6C2A687226AE5B5DFEC7">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B2EDE4FCB37334DDD31EF1553F6B853E">220</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="2E539B52351E5EBACAC394705E03ED79">
<mods:url id="DC32352B20F4C3DB9C3CE7FA195072DA">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.981.53583</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="30FAF7576D5DE39E83FB1DBA5F4248A4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="776058357B302CEB76FA8594D3B17301" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.981.53583</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C23855D1CFBCB114396867499677FA89" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-981-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E7FE3A2D6795CF05DDC7D5B8867512FD" type="ZooBank">5194AAC86B8A473F8A41470A60182A0B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4570AFE276A6EAB7968A1DD0637B565D" type="Pensoft-UUID">7C44C797C4125A71BAE032A55E6FA5DC</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="92ADF073031452A2B1D93D1072C3B8D2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168715003" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:92ADF073031452A2B1D93D1072C3B8D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/92ADF073031452A2B1D93D1072C3B8D2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="A8D9745E9EFE65E51BC4FA6DC8BF09C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2FAD2C5C778F255A884A1D6BD67C7A1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="7DD4B90C40A7F83B77EE0FD1DDDFFC0B" LSID="92ADF073-0314-52A2-B1D9-3D1072C3B8D2" authority="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff, 1900" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
Dicharax Kobelt &amp;
<normalizedToken id="435975A519C2A194D2387BC7FD70B234" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1900
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="03AD9DF21047A07A525099149D1577D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D92EC3E11668EEBA2A86FA681AE0FDD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="ACEDC9F2C3E15F507A23AC0D04406F1C" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Charax" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charax" order="Gastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Charax</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1859: 177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA16BDA10CE223CBC5403F4EFFFE977E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="C5AA8C7FA9CAA77ED0CD71EEEDF401E9" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Dicharax</taxonomicName>
Kobelt &amp;
<normalizedToken id="D8A478910EC3E07A341ECF3F77DAFF1B" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1900: 186 (new replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="32B5410495E757D35CB14D6F437541B5" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Charax" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charax" order="Gastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Charax</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1859, non
<taxonomicName id="2E56CFBDE0D7FE9D1324AF3F0E690328" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Charax" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charax" order="Gastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Charax</taxonomicName>
Scopoli, 1777 [
<taxonomicName id="DCF567F4E06ECC250C8BB9BBE5B49E32" class="Pisces" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="class">Pisces</taxonomicName>
]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCA3AB224CBFFA12AA7D60296A7E1E52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B32777D10D1E34E3E81B0A6D694DCD16" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Dicharax)" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dicharax">Chamalycaeus (Dicharax)</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="726E5C4D295E482A5A52F041E57DBD19" author="Thiele, J" journalOrPublisher="Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B213" refString="Thiele, J, 1929. Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde, Teil 1. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena" title="Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde, Teil 1." year="1929">Thiele 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 108; Wenz, 1938: 478;
<bibRefCitation id="61F3FCE819BF35F1A35FCABC942ACAA5" author="Egorov, RV" journalOrPublisher="Egorov, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B45" refString="Egorov, RV, 2013. Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R. Egorov, Moscow" title="Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 37.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0269C501A1D0A037C73A7EBE0C88E91F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F0C4E0F8A9E52816721D722AAE468DA6" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Sigmacharax)" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sigmacharax">Chamalycaeus (Sigmacharax)</taxonomicName>
Kuroda, 1943: 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0762CEF493799B6D9F121465F1C00E0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="640E181F45C793B8E59701BD32AD139E" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Cipangocharax)" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cipangocharax">Chamalycaeus (Cipangocharax)</taxonomicName>
Kuroda, 1943: 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29E7BE2447C1FBAEE41D7E1DDA107D86" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2465CC9E2E7CEFB2807C4611CE76E26A" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Awalycaeus)" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Awalycaeus">Chamalycaeus (Awalycaeus)</taxonomicName>
Kuroda, 1951: 73-74.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0159ED18EF82A0DB0F428D91B0B08C8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="503BE5C493ADF964465F16F7E7E19B8B" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Awalycaeus)" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Awalycaeus">Chamalycaeus (Awalycaeus)</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="C7B4599A14B178F9C3E7BEF056AB2EFB" author="Egorov, RV" journalOrPublisher="Egorov, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B45" refString="Egorov, RV, 2013. Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R. Egorov, Moscow" title="Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 35-36.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B5B068845A09428A9365D328BE8E873" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DE8508581DFF337C6B222F81BC290598" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Cipangocharax)" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cipangocharax">Chamalycaeus (Cipangocharax)</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="6DF0D0D0A44DF36D9F0607DFF4F5F3BB" author="Egorov, RV" journalOrPublisher="Egorov, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B45" refString="Egorov, RV, 2013. Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R. Egorov, Moscow" title="Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 36.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="019F85B6C0B00C039E98EC5A8DBB9FC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="09CA59281B183C80B796263C31CDF4C1" authority="" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Sigmacharax)" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Sigmacharax">Chamalycaeus (Sigmacharax)</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="07E713A0C0E6812A27FC26F192B80EDF" author="Egorov, RV" journalOrPublisher="Egorov, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B45" refString="Egorov, RV, 2013. Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R. Egorov, Moscow" title="Treasure of Russian Shells. Supplement 3. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Part III. Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. R." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 37-38.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="958CC76DD152ED684A2E1D71572D1753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B5E9F36826F9B074C8267703A87F15DA" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Dicharax</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="592766C9BC5FD755DFC9CC0185FC280C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 124" refId="B162" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Hunyadi, A, Đỗ, ĐS, Naggs, F, Asami, T, 2017. Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" title="Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" volume="4331" year="2017">
<normalizedToken id="8A02E536CD4C7662AAC44B8A082FEF04" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
et al. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
: 10;
<bibRefCitation id="425D88D9050867ED04DB9284CB7531A8" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Venus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B157" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Asami, T, 2017. A new species of Metalycaeus hitherto undistinguished from M. vinctus (Pilsbry, 1902). Venus 75 (1-4): 1 - 16" title="A new species of Metalycaeus hitherto undistinguished from M. vinctus (Pilsbry, 1902)." volume="75" year="2017">
<normalizedToken id="AD33724816DDA3570B3EC2CD493B31AE" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
and Asami 2017
</bibRefCitation>
: 14 (
<taxonomicName id="D9B62D7D59819FFB3C6846F4976AAE62" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Gastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Awalycaeus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1936988F59ADCF1DEC3A41C4EE37FD6A" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Gastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Cipangocharax</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B535953C17BD8F4FA43AAC2DF4E2F3AB" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Sigmacharax" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sigmacharax" order="Gastropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sigmacharax</taxonomicName>
are synonyms).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="623D747B148983A21632CB9415EB0F76" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph id="3AA2050454B53B3498CDB8B3B4E50E5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74A5E026E430FA811BBADEC442DEE53F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6C05AEC83F35D9DADB25668B88651F81" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus hebes" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hebes" superFamily="Cyclophoroidea">
<emphasis id="1C7286A9F01EA7063A5E74BF2101EFB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alycaeus hebes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benson, 1857 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4FBB4C3205144E07E8D7DCA69F88D2B2" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Type species of alycaeid genus-group taxa A Dicharax hebes (Benson, 1857) (SMF 109244; type species of Dicharax) B D. (?) abei (Kuroda, 1951) (NSMT 50125; type species of Awalycaeus) C D. (?) biexcisus (Pilsbry, 1902) (NSMT 263; type species of Cipangocharax) D D. (?) itonis (Kuroda, 1943) (NSMT 78866; type species of Sigmacharax). Close-up images of the aperture are not to scale. All photographs: Barna Pall-Gergely." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468658" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
), SD
<bibRefCitation id="203D83E2B8D100E8BC019F2993B72323" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12890" author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Gude, GK, 1921. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. III. Land operculates (Cyclophoridae, Truncatellidae, Assimineidae, Helicinidae). Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12890" title="The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. III. Land operculates (Cyclophoridae, Truncatellidae, Assimineidae, Helicinidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12890" year="1921">Gude (1921</bibRefCitation>
: 236);
<taxonomicName id="25D54A1C91FE2CFB45A501C12A852783" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus abei" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abei">
<emphasis id="5714149009B66D28E847275AE0B0CA9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus abei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kuroda, 1951 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="856AE93E9D9E6FA5866756260955C531" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Type species of alycaeid genus-group taxa A Dicharax hebes (Benson, 1857) (SMF 109244; type species of Dicharax) B D. (?) abei (Kuroda, 1951) (NSMT 50125; type species of Awalycaeus) C D. (?) biexcisus (Pilsbry, 1902) (NSMT 263; type species of Cipangocharax) D D. (?) itonis (Kuroda, 1943) (NSMT 78866; type species of Sigmacharax). Close-up images of the aperture are not to scale. All photographs: Barna Pall-Gergely." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468658" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13B</figureCitation>
), by monotypy (
<taxonomicName id="14E7E2F29CFB7D8DED0079BCBD302CCD" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22EEDDC6D023601160F51719DCD0D02F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="973E40DDB6CA4B488F92F2F568D26004" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus biexcisus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biexcisus" superFamily="Cyclophoroidea">
<emphasis id="945F3E026783FB020C08604C5A1F02C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alycaeus biexcisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pilsbry, 1902 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="104614B99FB87CC6E5993A4B19A5079B" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Type species of alycaeid genus-group taxa A Dicharax hebes (Benson, 1857) (SMF 109244; type species of Dicharax) B D. (?) abei (Kuroda, 1951) (NSMT 50125; type species of Awalycaeus) C D. (?) biexcisus (Pilsbry, 1902) (NSMT 263; type species of Cipangocharax) D D. (?) itonis (Kuroda, 1943) (NSMT 78866; type species of Sigmacharax). Close-up images of the aperture are not to scale. All photographs: Barna Pall-Gergely." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468658" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13C</figureCitation>
), by monotypy (
<taxonomicName id="DA83734CB701750DECCBF596C19CF185" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D79A3B8AC2550C49B3BF8FFC8D0FD022" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="689CAFBFD8B56AA675F184E01C6FD61E" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus (Sigmacharax) itonis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="itonis" subGenus="Sigmacharax">Chamalycaeus (Sigmacharax) itonis</taxonomicName>
Kuroda, 1943 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C4900CB78FB530176975B1E28534E370" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Type species of alycaeid genus-group taxa A Dicharax hebes (Benson, 1857) (SMF 109244; type species of Dicharax) B D. (?) abei (Kuroda, 1951) (NSMT 50125; type species of Awalycaeus) C D. (?) biexcisus (Pilsbry, 1902) (NSMT 263; type species of Cipangocharax) D D. (?) itonis (Kuroda, 1943) (NSMT 78866; type species of Sigmacharax). Close-up images of the aperture are not to scale. All photographs: Barna Pall-Gergely." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468658" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13D</figureCitation>
), by monotypy (
<taxonomicName id="920D187350BA02E27067DCB6C9C5E9F6" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Sigmacharax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sigmacharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4E0020095228F20CFB9AE1D93D6F7B6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sigmacharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6C473DF8BA47F85161D30C1599339A69" doi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468658" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph id="E493E84912494CE0E646422D2A124D2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="0E65D75F765F77E70424B59AECB41A36" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Type species of alycaeid genus-group taxa
<emphasis id="5A55AA6ED6E726F7B012694D9AEDCC6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E5AA78B901ACA60BD6844B8A16643628" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1857" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax hebes" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hebes">
<emphasis id="90DFCAE338F924AE19699C7B1EC8D01A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax hebes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benson, 1857) (SMF 109244; type species of
<taxonomicName id="894B934C67E4EAFF757056C483FBB803" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14FE9E7F76DAFFA3A0F0FD4EE3F1FFD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="AA6F9A368957E4CA2BFF86A55A3BF179" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="485A4D63BE29BBEB5327FFCABB3C3F8E" lsidName="D. abei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abei">D. (?) abei</taxonomicName>
(Kuroda, 1951) (NSMT 50125; type species of
<taxonomicName id="ABCAB3E280D965E53A24DDB3F5529FC8" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3C4E9E1B9E5B04BE2BA3F9FA0A8FBAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="B122401A62DF34D11D41603B5AAFE115" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E3FBDF1DDC6A3FB6DFE393E568BEA48D" lsidName="D. biexcisus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="biexcisus">D. (?) biexcisus</taxonomicName>
(Pilsbry, 1902) (NSMT 263; type species of
<taxonomicName id="5AB2FAB683B13694D551FA1B86FC5816" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93BAACCC3099DDC9691630183CAEA2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis id="A790BDBB2913C152F51DF297470699A5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03C59FF66EA444BF49958F84E615B8E6" lsidName="D. itonis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="itonis">D. (?) itonis</taxonomicName>
(Kuroda, 1943) (NSMT 78866; type species of
<taxonomicName id="CB43616CD945BB4F60E340049059EABE" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Sigmacharax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sigmacharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1D6A32BAD1479B434AC97E12951F770B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sigmacharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Close-up images of the aperture are not to scale. All photographs: Barna
<normalizedToken id="9DE6BD6AD05B62ADAE7AB7DBFDDE772D" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B985C971B09B51D752B5BC1C296BE291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B0114D0F30C04CBF703AB44159DA03B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E7382B0899D48AC366D48A95F53EA09" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shell very small to very large (D: 1-11 mm), in most cases the spire low (dorsal side flattened), spire rarely elevated (shell globular); protoconch low in nearly all species, smooth or finely pitted, not spirally striated; R1 usually glossy, sometimes ribbed (ribs can vary from weak to strong), but spiral lines almost always absent; R2 of variable length, typically with prominent ribs which are bent in an anterior direction, but many species have smooth R2 or straight ribs; R3 well developed, often with blunt or sharp swelling, in some taxa reduced (mostly '
<taxonomicName id="D0019E3865DB5F5AAABF18CACC19B274" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="88AFD5D96B67392946B45362DF9B5EB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
'). Operculum thin or with various outer funnel-like structure resulting from modifications of the multispiral lamina. Central tooth typical for the family: 5-7 cusps, broad, central cusp pointed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A59308D5FF3AD488892F27C25A79347" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BA2D29517165A1256B0408179AD1B916" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1EB0EE88B87DA5677045C147BAB58A88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This genus can be recognised by the absence of spiral striation on the entire shell (protoconch and teleoconch). Very few species with spiral striation are classified in this genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AC14909C2E7A8B75F0E9AD849BD9F98" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CDC3FDD437CAB02F69DF72CD3DC173C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD98A5C191CC694A0EAC83442E1E9A46" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="97F3C4A54173C24B9E0DEF1822094ADB" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="030A2A1BC17B74D83D395E488B271E7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits a large geographic area from the southeastern Himalayan region to Japan, and through the Malay Peninsula to the southern arc of the Malay Archipelago up to Sumatra and Java. There are also isolated occurrences in the Western Ghats of India and in the southwestern Himalaya (see Fig.
<figureCitation id="995FC9FC32471C93E6CABCF3CF3B9308" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Distribution of Dicharax Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff, 1900." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468659" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="208BE443ECC59B2F61D43F69D1C2410B" doi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468659" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph id="73EC0D8405578CCBD065D0EDF1A8E5BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="9ED58D2EFD204529ABDA26188A795C86" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="19E375AD4E7EEEEB20577C63A6BEA2DF" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0256FF755BD94AE6A2D026760B34635A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kobelt &amp;
<normalizedToken id="8F02D2F422A6332E3A1958B1D3487F27" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1900.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4EB9639C94D01ECA39F8E13B0E2E21B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C9C19082E0F91E1C912A82CFF4278EA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54781C5EBC9E44CB2B490882D2378C20" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DDF5E59F130D9CFD988BDBCE82990A71" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4A32E51A20C6BA785A11CDB41B847C89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, introduced as the subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="7CC1BB59D182606C3A54D8668D4BED71" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AC77BDBB88FF5632040F1D737B1F94CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was described for a single species,
<taxonomicName id="333C26C7FFE210709BFD98507CC057B0" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus biexcisus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biexcisus" superFamily="Cyclophoroidea">
<emphasis id="367697A72E9AF1E2006D39AE0422D50E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alycaeus biexcisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="4EF9ACE82ED49EAFC9D6B8C780962296" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="20D2AD2C0832B39E99112C0B0A410BDB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was in fact the abbreviated description of
<taxonomicName id="2ADDC8A1BEBADDBEA7D060A919FD8463" authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus biexcisus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biexcisus" superFamily="Cyclophoroidea">
<emphasis id="588683834CF8DE57FF9793AE2F65A059" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alycaeus biexcisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="10A2446B4A34471130D73D506401966E" author="Kuroda, T" journalOrPublisher="Venus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 11" refId="B101" refString="Kuroda, T, 1943. New land shells from Tyūgoku District (1) A new species belonging to a new subgenus of the genus Chamalycaeus. Venus 13 (1-3): 7 - 11" title="New land shells from Tyūgoku District (1) A new species belonging to a new subgenus of the genus Chamalycaeus." volume="13" year="1943">Kuroda (1943)</bibRefCitation>
indicated some features in italics, emphasising the importance of these characters to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4B23BBEDBAC9220391DBB6EB3AC0B1F8" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5DA181A7AE6FCAFE32F60BABDBABE516" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other members of
<taxonomicName id="C3D593511A9D33811CC31229580EA5FE" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="621E17CA760D08CDB1E68AD2CDCC244B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These characters were the extraordinary thickness of the operculum, and the closely coiled outer belt on the outer surface of the operculum. The Japanese
<taxonomicName id="D19AE468D3DC1F275AA1E234DFBAB3A6" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="251C20143765FC6797753440B7397C35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species described since
<bibRefCitation id="9976D1DA1FE7D9B00849D5E467C37E4D" author="Kuroda, T" journalOrPublisher="Venus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 11" refId="B101" refString="Kuroda, T, 1943. New land shells from Tyūgoku District (1) A new species belonging to a new subgenus of the genus Chamalycaeus. Venus 13 (1-3): 7 - 11" title="New land shells from Tyūgoku District (1) A new species belonging to a new subgenus of the genus Chamalycaeus." volume="13" year="1943">
<normalizedToken id="05B060E308039DBD0639D16D7AB57A2C" originalValue="Kuroda’s">Kuroda's</normalizedToken>
(1943)
</bibRefCitation>
paper showed that there are transitional character states between the thick and belted operculum of
<taxonomicName id="3CBD4E99A0BE2B63E24DCABF45BED50C" lsidName="A. biexcisus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="biexcisus">
<emphasis id="1807D95CBAF5DDFD9674F29BD2A74706" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. biexcisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the thin and unbelted opercula of most Japanese
<taxonomicName id="2DF9E13F95725A446601642F2A3C70D5" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2CA4F9E5504A8898FC1C46C055A088A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="1A7C2455C4ACD958F285CD716F9676D7" author="Minato, H" journalOrPublisher="Chiribotan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 3" refId="B125" refString="Minato, H, 1993. A key to the species of the genus Cipangocharax (Alycaeidae). Chiribotan 24 (1): 1 - 3" title="A key to the species of the genus Cipangocharax (Alycaeidae)." volume="24" year="1993">Minato 1993</bibRefCitation>
). For example, the operculum of
<taxonomicName id="DD5EDFC71D2C9ADC6C1316CDC0875912" authorityName="Minato &amp; Abe" authorityYear="1982" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax kiuchii" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kiuchii">
<emphasis id="C973F766340F3EAA0C29FF6A5F19BE18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax kiuchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is relatively slim, whereas that of &quot;
<emphasis id="10CBCF3B2BF7488FD34E505A7EB950DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus</emphasis>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="29440B51E2BEF1BBC7C79BB8E6357D09" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="miyazakii" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="miyazakii">
<emphasis id="5E5D41320175A65EE47CFC969459BC82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">miyazakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is exceptionally thickened. Consequently, the thickness of the operculum is not a distinguishing feature between
<taxonomicName id="7A96540F0B0058EEA648835D1E4EFA84" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="11DBCD5ABD9ACC8F0DCF02F9395EE596" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other Japanese species assigned to
<taxonomicName id="CA7D567EF37078BBC474E2D766AFED37" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8D294095F3287CA797366C2FDB78FCEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The outer opercular belt is missing in
<taxonomicName id="D663DFFB4C0E1F41C5A79F695C032283" lsidName="C. placenovitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="placenovitas">
<emphasis id="18698E743EFA07BB64B30ABCD898A5FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. placenovitas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(a species being otherwise very similar to
<taxonomicName id="E8480524CE328777A878BAC4A3121D78" lsidName="A. biexcisus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="biexcisus">
<emphasis id="413D34ACD614B2FA77EFBBC92E696577" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. biexcisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), therefore this character is also not stable within the genus. Moreover, the outer belt is known to be present and absent within the same species, or even population (see under
<taxonomicName id="DDBB9FA1924ADBA62EC11036CACA87DB" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt" baseAuthorityYear="1877" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus nipponensis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="FE97AF29C4B44EC7E325AE2C5AAB6666" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C53D0C0023EC4732B5EAA881B4347E7B" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax simplicilabris" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simplicilabris">
<emphasis id="DE09D97EA2540605CEC363C7FB524D7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax simplicilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="3D426B86E4978CC0C67EBFAD99BAF32B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 124" refId="B162" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Hunyadi, A, Đỗ, ĐS, Naggs, F, Asami, T, 2017. Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" title="Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" volume="4331" year="2017">
<normalizedToken id="AA9E3687B44CF99F9EF4D0E7FBE2C2B8" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
et al. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). The other distinctive character mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="E330C94B95EB80D0E6918EDAC73BFA57" author="Kuroda, T" journalOrPublisher="Venus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7 - 11" refId="B101" refString="Kuroda, T, 1943. New land shells from Tyūgoku District (1) A new species belonging to a new subgenus of the genus Chamalycaeus. Venus 13 (1-3): 7 - 11" title="New land shells from Tyūgoku District (1) A new species belonging to a new subgenus of the genus Chamalycaeus." volume="13" year="1943">Kuroda (1943)</bibRefCitation>
is the sinuated columellar margin. This region is not sinuated either in
<taxonomicName id="39A70D954ED1350E0566A0CFF264D7C6" lsidName="C. placenovitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="placenovitas">
<emphasis id="F99CFA64FB42408EFAC8E39F0C48A2F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. placenovitas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or in
<taxonomicName id="1878D63324670F2296A6F11DB4965CDE" lsidName="C. okamurai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="okamurai">
<emphasis id="EF19838D3F1E473C7E22C80218198132" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. okamurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, this character is also not stable within the genus. Moreover, Japanese
<taxonomicName id="0E8FD0567F5A680D93B094CDCCBFF151" authorityName="Moellendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Chamalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AAC0C80B9998E69A4345B2331FC90C22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chamalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with unstriated protoconchs show an extraordinary diversity in terms of the formation of the aperture (
<taxonomicName id="FC398BC03F915B03CE23C43D1F53E7AC" lsidName="C. expanstoma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="expanstoma">
<emphasis id="B412421F4E3030153B1E1B073BDE20A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. expanstoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D5D242DAA1EABBACD44EECF3443F0734" lsidName="C. okamurai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="okamurai">
<emphasis id="75ACB414EED3BD1F1445A971E54811F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. okamurai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8F0A629B1C22AE39DE2842D3ABE2C84E" lsidName="C. yanoshigehumii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="yanoshigehumii">
<emphasis id="CA2C7E4900BBD7142C424F9844408D0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. yanoshigehumii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), indicating that the morphological variation is very high between species. Consequently, among the Japanese species with unstriated protoconch, it would not be legitimate to classify certain species into separate (sub)genera from the others. Furthermore, the species classified into the genus
<taxonomicName id="341C3B12F7EB4B4AC50677E4C6914E71" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Sigmacharax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sigmacharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8163CA610582356A6636D397C17A426F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sigmacharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also do not differ considerably from the rest of Japanese species with a smooth protoconch. Therefore, based on the absence of the spiral striation on the entire shell, these species are classified in the genus
<taxonomicName id="5D0B570D6074A32CA6DD4B66185ECCF8" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBE549FC66713647B29BE883974F8761" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The overlapping ribs near the tube (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5A971B1F094F42FF770432DADA8A211D" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. R 2 ribs of Japanese Dicharax Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff, 1900 species A, B Dicharax (?) abei (Kuroda, 1951), NSMT 50125 C, D Dicharax (?) biexcisus (Pilsbry, 1902), NSMT 263 E, F Dicharax (?) itonis (Kuroda, 1943), NSMT 78866. All images: Barna Pall-Gergely." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
) may a synapomorphic character of Japanese and Korean
<taxonomicName id="BB16758B12E80D489979307E3F051340" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A4D23773C5B3E15FB63793AE8A83DD6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this character was also found in the Chinese species
<taxonomicName id="EDA4F7E17D15054D980631389E548EB5" lsidName="D. alticola" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="alticola">
<emphasis id="4F9FA6D1E2D48FB4721BFFC0B6BEB30F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. alticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2213446D0826ED65E5AA26E98C28EF93" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 124" refId="B162" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Hunyadi, A, Đỗ, ĐS, Naggs, F, Asami, T, 2017. Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" title="Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1" volume="4331" year="2017">
<normalizedToken id="7139B23133D31FA5F2AA2E3AF884D0AC" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
et al. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), which is, due to the geographic distance, probably only distantly related. The morphological variation within the genus
<taxonomicName id="7BCF59C1F70900BC6AC85EB08C5517ED" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A033A1001E978B9BFBF57818903D52D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(especially in northeastern India and in the Malay Archipelago) is so large, that at the current time we do not find it meaningful to separate the Japanese and Korean species into a separate subgenus within
<taxonomicName id="A9DCDEA27E817BC2258641ABD121703C" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9B78CBB9894C6F82A1925837252088C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E0EBD5364E11793707EA21D006C1EC8E" doi="10.3897/zookeys.981.53583.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph id="26389F67B096DBEE775BFFF408F3E191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="42932DF53A81DD3D6578F71524056D8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 15.</emphasis>
R2 ribs of Japanese
<taxonomicName id="CDFD44FD6F2E60E1BAE8B6D4F84655E7" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="011FEC4795E16C6BF49A20F49A250662" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kobelt &amp;
<normalizedToken id="BE6B4A58CF8BAB6DAB6D60F24968E937" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1900 species
<emphasis id="80E4E1CAD5C50A9AA47357A121CA43A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FD81AF5A442C913E6C8CCD3E25A8B92B" baseAuthorityName="Kuroda" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax abei" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="abei">Dicharax (?) abei</taxonomicName>
(Kuroda, 1951), NSMT 50125
<emphasis id="665F13B892A787DAFC5FC28A4ABA552F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11FE324DC7180A8F66F9F59F4DA77ECC" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7285977E153B8DE90431918F73ED4DAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="ABD257DDA668695A913B6D4CFA801C67" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="biexcisus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biexcisus">
<emphasis id="432F9AB7D2D34F724AA40C849DA34FD3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">biexcisus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pilsbry, 1902), NSMT 263
<emphasis id="9AEC6E160F7DEE2CE48B038C77637F51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DDEE08454B0ADFAD7FC5BB6CE12B19C9" baseAuthorityName="Kuroda" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax itonis" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="itonis">Dicharax (?) itonis</taxonomicName>
(Kuroda, 1943), NSMT 78866. All images: Barna
<normalizedToken id="E7008889990B8E816231D9783F556D81" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C2649174CFDF4FFCAFED38AE9B95298A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="FECBABBDCD57E0A1AFABC6778E41E824" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="21EA2857812E2F592B29CBBB8F042A1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a peculiar group of alycaeids due to the reduced (short, un-swollen) R3. However, in
<taxonomicName id="7397D8909DA99C284A775535B58E1581" authorityName="Yano &amp; Matsuda" authorityYear="2016" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus yanoshokoae" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="yanoshokoae">
<emphasis id="2A7373F412730FE981F3948EB09826C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus yanoshokoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a moderately developed R3, which can be interpreted as an intermediate form between
<taxonomicName id="58CD1ECC39C96FA38054C5D72DCAFFF5" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5760769C23CFB06A93444CC5805DB6D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the rest of Japanese alycaeids which have a smooth protoconch. Given that the other shell characters (absence of spiral striation, merged R2 ribs) are similar to the other Japanese species, we also treat
<taxonomicName id="581DD2E4AD43BE3418CD0C210B716A24" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6A445DE44FFF38191F196718A15E6CA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="674052571CCF1EE8B9327D25FAFA65CF" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Moellendorff" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Cyclophoridae" genus="Dicharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dicharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26C46B6B17D336023389EF97E50E38E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dicharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BDF62F9D87F63E6553E27ED040176DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Such 'over
<normalizedToken id="C5F8DE8BD07EF693E2BF6F1E1F4B9C26" originalValue="spitting’">spitting'</normalizedToken>
of generic taxa inhabiting Japan has also been documented in the pulmonate family
<taxonomicName id="D90F24F60C759EE45A08569BB6009741" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1855" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Clausiliidae</taxonomicName>
, which is a character-rich family such as the
<taxonomicName id="B5E013870C15D413BA3179CC72B28B83" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1864" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family" superFamily="Cyclophoroidea">Alycaeidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70A9EAC3C9278BD185CB8901A82BF614" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12319" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="185 - 193" refId="B158" refString="Pall-Gergely, B, Asami, T, Solymos, P, 2019. Subspecies description rates are higher in morphologically complex land snails. Zoologica Scripta 48: 185 - 193, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12319" title="Subspecies description rates are higher in morphologically complex land snails." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12319" volume="48" year="2019">
<normalizedToken id="3BB5DC52318468D456F80707C797FEF7" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
et al. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C24A4D206702577874D95BE5B7EFD580" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/127/1998/21" author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="21 - 32" refId="B152" refString="Nordsieck, H, 1998. Critical revision of the system of the Japanese Phaedusinae, proposed by Minato (1994) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 127: 21 - 32, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/127/1998/21" title="Critical revision of the system of the Japanese Phaedusinae, proposed by Minato (1994) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/127/1998/21" volume="127" year="1998">Nordsieck (1998)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the Japanese clausiliid genera and subgenera correspond only to subgenera and species groups of Western Palaearctic clausiliids. This claim was confirmed by recent molecular phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="23C19BA40E8B7B29339EB9E3FBD3D8FA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx023" author="Motochin, R" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="795 - 845" refId="B148" refString="Motochin, R, Wang, M, Ueshima, R, 2017. Molecular phylogeny, frequent parallel evolution and new system of Japanese clausiliid land snails (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (4): 795 - 845, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx023" title="Molecular phylogeny, frequent parallel evolution and new system of Japanese clausiliid land snails (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx023" volume="181" year="2017">Motochin et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB95B798D153C6982D2D62EA1D6B44C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
For the sake of simplicity, this genus is divided into three sections: typical (with curved R2 ribs), atypical (without the typical R2 sculpture), and those species from Japanese and Korean localities (including species formerly classified into
<taxonomicName id="BAF7CC4E8875CC73BA0462E5BD085147" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Awalycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Awalycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2960D5E2C16FA4BA8DECA77E00D89F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Awalycaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3AB26622F12A94645BCE3B7D2A54BF8B" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Cipangocharax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cipangocharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40B3B5C5F6BFA1740D214642E8662663" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cipangocharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EEB342A1C74E7537DF6C989F1BA182F1" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1943" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Sigmacharax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sigmacharax" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0F6F25A76450E3556A2376C27BE5F471" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sigmacharax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink