197 lines
20 KiB
XML
197 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8eb9e776-76c2-4f09-8964-77205d602229" ID-PMC="PMC3677357" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-286-1" ID-PubMed="23794844" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-286-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 286" ModsDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" checkinTime="1451247449682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sendall, Kelly & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I." docDate="2013" docId="3C3BEAB76D11C31E8465069CFC8F9249" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 286: 1-74" docOrigin="ZooKeys 286" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438" docTitle="Sternaspis fossor Stimpson 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="E62FFF94FFE6FFFEEA0AE45616142716" masterDocTitle="Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)" masterLastPageNumber="74" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1668155612909" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Sendall, Kelly</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>286</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>74</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.286.4438</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-286-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C3BEAB76D11C31E8465069CFC8F9249" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C3BEAB76D11C31E8465069CFC8F9249" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sternaspis_fossor" authority="Stimpson, 1853, restricted" class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor Stimpson, 1853, restricted</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figures 1B9
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stimpson, 1853: 29, fig. 19;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Verrill 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 606, Pl. 14, fig. 74;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Webster and Benedict 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 725,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 132;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Marenzeller, E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserliche Naturhistorische Hofmusem, Wien" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 18" title="Annulaten des Beringmeeres." volume="5" year="1890">von Marenzeller 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5-8, Pl. 1, fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moore, JP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="133 - 146" title="The polychaetous annelids dredged in 1908 by Mr. Owen Bryant off the coast of Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia." url="10.5479/si.00963801.1703.133" volume="37" year="1909">Moore 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 144;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Hartman 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 82, Pl. 33, fig. 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Occasional Papers" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 378" title="Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas." volume="28" year="1965">Hartman 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 192.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis scutata" order="Terebellida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scutata">Sternaspis scutata</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pettibone, MH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="203 - 356" title="Marine polychaete worms from Point Barrow, Alaska, with additional records from the Atlantic and North Pacific." url="10.5479/si.00963801.103-3324.203" volume="103" year="1954">Pettibone 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 309-310, fig. 35 a, b (partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Ranzani 1817</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Canada. Neotype (USNM 15543), 88 km E Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 153 m, mud, 6 Oct. 1909, O. Bryant, coll.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="additional material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Canada, Brunswick. 1 spec. (HMCS 9953670), Bocabec Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.166668">45°10'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.03333">67°02'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 22 m, 20-XII-1976. 1 spec. (HMCS 9953671),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="L’Etang">L'Etang</normalizedToken>
|
||
Estuary,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="45.075">45°04'30"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-66.79417">66°47'39"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 20-VIII-1975. 37 spec. (HMCS 9953672), Letite Passage,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.05">45°03'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-66.916664">66°55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 73 m (in codfish stomach), 7-V-1976. 5 spec. (HMCS 9953673), Passamaquoddy Bay, Loring Cove,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.1">45°06'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-66.98333">66°59'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 27-34 m, 22-V-1973. 12 spec. (HMCS 9953676), Bocabec Bay,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.166668">45°10'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-67.03333">67°02'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3-III-1977. 1 spec. (HMCS 9953677), Passamaquoddy Bay (Wolves-Lepreau), 1966. 4 spec. (USNM 7872), East of Grand Manan, 108 m, mud, 1872. U.S.A. Three spec. (ANSP 1247), off Newport, Rhode Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Neotype (USNM 15543) complete, most body papillae eroded but transverse rows still noticeable; introvert exposed (Fig. 9C); 9.7 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, 31 segments. Body colour in alcohol often tan to light brown, sometimes ashen or cinereous (Fig. 9A, C). Cuticular papillae evenly distributed over most of the body especially posteriorly, starting at segment 8. Single transverse dorsal rows of clusters of papillae per segment, especially towards posterior end. First seven segments usually much cleaner and translucent, especially in smaller individuals. Body up to 15 mm long, 8 mm wide, about 31 segments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Prostomium</pageBreakToken>
|
||
hemispherical, opalescent, without eyespots, minutely granular in appearance. Peristomium rounded, without papillae, slightly raised near mouth. Mouth slightly oval, completely covered by papillae, extends from prostomium almost to edge of segment 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">First three chaetigers with 6-12 bronze, widely separated, slightly falcate hooks per ramus, with subdistal dark areas, transparent in juveniles, opaque in larger specimens (Fig. 9C). Genital papillae protrude ventrally from intersegmental groove between segments 7 and 8. Pre-shield region with 7 segments, with small, short fascicles of fine capillary chaetae protruding laterally from body wall in some small specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Ventro-caudal shield ribbed; juveniles with few concentric lines darker than the background shield colour, often covered by sediment (Fig. 9B), concentric bands better defined in larger specimens (Fig. 9D); suture extended throughout shield. Anterior margins rounded; anterior depression deep; anterior keels not exposed. Lateral margins straight in smaller specimens, curved in larger specimens, expanding posteriorly. Fan slightly projected beyond posterior corners, smooth in juveniles, crenulated in larger specimens, with a median shallow notch (Figs 1B, 9B).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">Marginal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
chaetal fascicles include 10 lateral ones, chaetae in an oval arrangement, and 6-7 posterior fascicles, chaetae arranged in an approximately ventro-dorsal line. Lateral chaetae light bronze proximally along the shafts, grading to almost clear at the distal ends. Peg chaetae short, often obscured by adhered sediment or filamentous papillae among bases of chaetae. Additional short delicate capillary chaetae between peg chaetae and first posterior fascicle of shield chaetae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Branchiae stout, coiled, protruding from two oval, obliquely set plates, one on either side of anus. Many long filamentous interbranchial papillae with sediment particles attached.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The ventro-caudal shield is covered with sediment which is adhered to thin papillae in smaller specimens. Larger specimens have sediment particles less firmly adhered and can be brushed off. The pigmentation pattern is banded with concentric lines well-defined but ribs barely prominent; the fan is slightly projected and markedly cleft (Fig. 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, G), and the posterior margin is smooth in smaller specimens becoming slightly crenulated in larger specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stimpson, 1853 requires clarification because it has been regarded as a widely distributed species, or has been taken either as a senior synonym of the Northwestern Pacific species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stimpson, 1864, or as junior synonym for the Mediterranean species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis scutata" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scutata">Sternaspis scutata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ranzani, 1817). In order to clarify this situation, a neotype has been proposed together with the above description and illustrations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.1-75.3.3). As for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stimpson’s">Stimpson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original material was destroyed during the great Chicago fire in 1871. Despite the fact that the original description was brief,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently the only species living in the type locality region, and we are confident that the neotype corresponds to the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.5). The above proposed neotype was collected nearby the type locality, Grand Manan Channel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.6), although there were no details about depth or sediment type. The neotype has been deposited in National Museum of Natural History (
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="32" pageNumber="33">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Art. 75.3.7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis islandica" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="islandica">Sternaspis islandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
|
||
because their shields are provided with rounded anterior margins, the lateral margins are slightly rounded, and the posterior margins are slightly expanded beyond the posterolateral corners. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis islandica" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="islandica">Sternaspis islandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by having a very shallow anterior depression, whereas the two other species have a deeper anterior depression. The three other species differ especially in the ornamentation of the shield surface because in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
the radiating ribs and posterolateral corners are poorly developed, barely visible, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis affinis" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="affinis">Sternaspis affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis maior" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="maior">Sternaspis maior</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are often distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, from Canada to the northeastern United States coast, in 20-153 m. Other records (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Augener, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="91 - 96" title="Reports on the results of dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and on the east coast of the United States, 1877 to 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake ", Lieut. Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. 4. Westindischen Polychaeten." volume="43" year="1906">Augener 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 191, Wesenberg-Lund 1962: 142) need confirmation. The distribution of the true
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably much less extensive than previously thought, and may be confined to the east coast of Canada and northeastern coast of the United States.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Figure 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Sternaspidae" genus="Sternaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sternaspis fossor" order="Terebellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fossor">Sternaspis fossor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Stimpson, 1853 A Juvenile (HMCS 9953670), anterior end exposed, ventral view B Another specimen (HMCS 9953671), ventro-caudal shield, frontal view C Neotype (USNM 15543), anterior end exposed, ventral view D Same, ventro-caudal shield, frontal view
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ventro-caudal shields of three other specimens (USNM 7872). Bars: A, F 1 mm B 0.6 mm C, E 0.8 mm D 0.7 mm G 1.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |