547 lines
57 KiB
XML
547 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.30705" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9d733304-73b7-43c7-87dc-ca0afc25c353" ID-PMC="PMC6663937" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-865-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2481E5CB812F5EBBADEB44B0D279888C" ID-PubMed="31379440" ID-ZooBank="DF6A9937789748DD9CA73B866A2892AF" ModsDocID="1313-2970-865-1" checkinTime="1563870680002" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lisi, Oscar, Daza, Anisbeth, Londono, Rosana, Quiroga, Sigmer & Pilato, Giovanni" docDate="2019" docId="3C39EA6859045296A8DF8E8B205635F1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 865: 1-20" docOrigin="ZooKeys 865" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.30705" docTitle="Meplitumen aluna Lisi, Daza, Londono, Quiroga & Pilato, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFDE7A29FF0B3D58FFDEFFDBFFA3FFBD" masterDocTitle="Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668167595814" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. an interesting eutardigrade (Hypsibiidae, Itaquasconinae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lisi, Oscar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Daza, Anisbeth</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Londono, Rosana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Quiroga, Sigmer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pilato, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>865</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>20</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.30705</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.865.30705</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-865-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DF6A9937789748DD9CA73B866A2892AF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2481E5CB812F5EBBADEB44B0D279888C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="158849754" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C39EA6859045296A8DF8E8B205635F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C39EA6859045296A8DF8E8B205635F1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3c39ea68-5904-5296-a8df-8e8b205635f1" class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">Meplitumen aluna</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. Caudal extremity of the body where a faint roughness may be visible (arrows) A paratype (slide No. 00477) B and C paratype (slide No. 00460). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318974" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-C claws of Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. (paratypes) A claws III B and C claws IV. The arrow indicates the structure interpretable as a very thin lunule D claws III of Platicrista angustata (Murray, 1905). It is evident that in Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. the claw secondary branches are longer and thinner than those of Platicrista angustata. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318975" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Small specimens (juvenile or male) of Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. A bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00476) B claws of the hind legs of another paratype (slide No. 00477). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318976" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7</figureCitation>
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; Table 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Holotype</emphasis>
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(slide No. 00462), 5
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">paratypes</emphasis>
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(slides Nos. 00460, 00461, 00476, 00477), and two exuviae (slide No. 00492) from a sample dominated by lichens (
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Usnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Usnea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Usnea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmotrema" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parmotrema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) mixed with bryophytes (
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<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Sematophyllaceae" genus="Sematophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sematophyllum" order="Hypnales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sematophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Frullania" order="Porellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Frullania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Microlejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Microlejeunea" order="Porellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Microlejeunea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Leucolejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leucolejeunea" order="Porellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Leucolejeunea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), collected in San Lorenzo (Colombia) at
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<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.9" value="11.104694">11°06'16.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.2" value="-74.05867">74°03'31.2"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2517 m a.s.l.. One paratype (slide No. 00545) collected in the type locality but in a different sample containing lichens (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmotrema" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Parmotrema</taxonomicName>
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, Heterodermia
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Hypotrachyna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Hypotrachyna" order="Lecanorales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hypotrachyna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) mixed with bryophytes (
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<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Meteoriaceae" genus="Meteoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Meteoridium" order="Leucodontales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Meteoridium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Frullania" order="Porellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Frullania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Archilejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Archilejeunea" order="Porellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Archilejeunea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). One additional specimen (slide No. 00376) of a sample of liverworts (
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<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Frullaniaceae" genus="Frullania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Frullania" order="Porellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Frullania</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Lejeuneaceae" genus="Cheilolejeunea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cheilolejeunea" order="Porellales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cheilolejeunea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), collected in El Campano (Colombia) at
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<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="23.2" value="11.106444">11°6'23.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.2" value="-74.08867">74°5'19.2"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1368 m a.s.l. The type material was collected by Anisbeth Daza, Rosana
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Londoño">Londono</normalizedToken>
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and Sigmer Quiroga on 31 July 2015. The remainder of the material was collected by Anisbeth Daza, Rosana
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Londoño">Londono</normalizedToken>
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, Paula
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sepúlveda">Sepulveda</normalizedToken>
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and Sigmer Quiroga, on 21 March 2015.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type repository">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type repository.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The holotype and paratypes, and the additional specimen, are deposited in the Centro de Colecciones
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológicas">Biologicas</normalizedToken>
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de la Universidad del Magdalena (CBUMAG:TAR), Santa Marta, Colombia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Species description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Body uncoloured. A faint, though difficult to see, cuticular roughness visible on the caudal portion of the body. Eyes probably absent (definitely absent after mounting and no information record when mounted). Bucco-pharynge
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">al</pageBreakToken>
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apparatus of the
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<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Meplitumen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-type of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Itaquasconinae">Itaquasconinae</taxonomicName>
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model (as described above). Mouth terminal. A row of small teeth is present in the caudal portion of the buccal cavity (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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, arrow). Pharyngeal bulb long, without apophyses but with two long, narrow rod-shaped macroplacoids (the second more than double the length of the first); microplacoid and septulum absent. Stylet furcae well developed but the caudal processes have non-swollen apices (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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, arrow). Claws of the
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<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Hypsibius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypsibius" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hypsibius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-type, with main branches provided with accessory points; these points are well developed on the internal claws, short and thin externally. At the base of the claws, a structure interpretable as a very thin lunule is present; other cuticular thickenings on the legs absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="choice of the holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Choice of the holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">We found eight specimens and two exuviae with eggs and it is interesting to note that three specimens were small and of similar body size, whereas the others are markedly longer and certainly adults as demonstrated by the size of the exuviae with eggs. Unfortunately, we have not been able to establish the sex of the specimens; in particular, whether the smallest were three young, or new-born specimens, or were males. It is interesting to note that some metric characters of the smaller specimens are very similar to those of the larger specimens, while others were markedly different (see Table 1). If they are young or new-born examples, we would expect structures to have allometric growth, but these have more marked differences than that we have observed in other species. This makes us suspect the smaller specimens may be males. In any case, we have chosen the holotype among the larger, definitely adult, specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Body length 590
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, uncoloured, cuticle with a faint, very difficult to see roughness in the caudal body portion (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. Caudal extremity of the body where a faint roughness may be visible (arrows) A paratype (slide No. 00477) B and C paratype (slide No. 00460). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318974" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5A, B, C</figureCitation>
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arrows); as in other species, this cuticular roughness is not visible in some specimens. Eyes probably absent (definitely absent after mounting and no information record when mounted). Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the
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<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Meplitumen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-type of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Itaquasconinae">Itaquasconinae</taxonomicName>
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model (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2404.1.1" author="Pilato, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 54" refId="B23" refString="Pilato, G, Binda, MG, 2010. Definition of families, subfamilies, genera and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. . Zootaxa 2404: 1 - 54" title="Definition of families, subfamilies, genera and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2404.1.1" volume="2404" year="2010">Pilato and Binda 2010</bibRefCitation>
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) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), i.e., with the bucco-pharyngeal tube subdivided at the junction of the stylet supports into an anterior, almost rigid, buccal tube with spiral thickening (except the very anterior portion) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘a’">'a'</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and a posterior flexible portion with a more obvious spiral thickening. The mouth is terminal without peribuccal lamellae; peribuccal papulae probably present but requires confirmation. A row of small teeth present in the caudal portion of the buccal cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). The AISM are flat, symmetrical with respect to the frontal plane, and with the caudal processes short and pointing sideways (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘c’">'c'</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Bucco-pharyngeal tube 61.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, buccal tube 31.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pbf</emphasis>
|
||
index =
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">51.9</emphasis>
|
||
) and 8.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide externally (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pt</emphasis>
|
||
index =
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28.0</emphasis>
|
||
), pharyngeal tube 29.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. No drop shaped thickening is present between buccal and pharyngeal tube (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stylet furcae are well developed but have the caudal processes with non-swollen apices (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). Pharyngeal bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, about 2.5 times its width (63.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
27.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), without apophyses, but with two long, narrow, rod-shaped macroplacoids (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); first macroplacoid 10.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pt</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">34.3</emphasis>
|
||
), the second 29.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pt</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">91.2</emphasis>
|
||
); the entire placoid row is 40.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pt</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">128.0</emphasis>
|
||
); microplacoid and septulum absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318974" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov., sp. nov. Caudal extremity of the body where a faint roughness may be visible (arrows)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (slide No. 00477)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (slide No. 00460). Scale bar: 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Claws of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Hypsibius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypsibius" order="Parachela" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hypsibius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-type well developed (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-C claws of Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. (paratypes) A claws III B and C claws IV. The arrow indicates the structure interpretable as a very thin lunule D claws III of Platicrista angustata (Murray, 1905). It is evident that in Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. the claw secondary branches are longer and thinner than those of Platicrista angustata. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318975" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with widened extreme basal portion. Reliable claw measurements, as in many species, are challenging due to
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
claw orientation affecting the apparent length. The main branch of both external and internal claws with accessory points; more evident in the hind legs. In all legs those points are more developed on the internal claws (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-C claws of Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. (paratypes) A claws III B and C claws IV. The arrow indicates the structure interpretable as a very thin lunule D claws III of Platicrista angustata (Murray, 1905). It is evident that in Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. the claw secondary branches are longer and thinner than those of Platicrista angustata. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318975" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and very short and thin on the external claws; particularly those of the first three pair of legs where they are often almost invisible. At the base of the claws a structure interpretable as a very thin lunule is present (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-C claws of Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. (paratypes) A claws III B and C claws IV. The arrow indicates the structure interpretable as a very thin lunule D claws III of Platicrista angustata (Murray, 1905). It is evident that in Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. the claw secondary branches are longer and thinner than those of Platicrista angustata. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318975" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
arrow). Other cuticular thickenings on the legs absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318975" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
claws of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (paratypes)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
claws III
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
|
||
claws IV. The arrow indicates the structure interpretable as a very thin lunule
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
|
||
claws III of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista angustata" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="angustata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Platicrista angustata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Murray, 1905). It is evident that in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. the claw secondary branches are longer and thinner than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista angustata" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="angustata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Platicrista angustata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar: 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="eggs">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eggs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">We found two exuviae, one with 5 and the other with 6 smooth eggs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The specific epithet refers to the term
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Aluna”">"Aluna"</normalizedToken>
|
||
which in Ika, the native language of the Kogui (an Amerindian ethnic group inhabiting the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), means the non-visible or spiritual world. Aluna is a name in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
As mentioned above, the three smaller specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Small specimens (juvenile or male) of Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. A bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00476) B claws of the hind legs of another paratype (slide No. 00477). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318976" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) show some metric differences from the larger. The most obvious differences are the
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">pt</emphasis>
|
||
values relative to the buccal tube width, the placoid length, and claws II, III (less remarkably claw IV) length. In all legs of all specimens the percent ratio between the main branch length and the total claw length are compatible (Table 1). This later character and the high number of important non-variable characters indicate they belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., but the differences made us consider they may be very young individuals or males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318976" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 7. Small specimens (juvenile or male) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00476)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
claws of the hind legs of another paratype (slide No. 00477). Scale bar: 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The particular combination of the characters of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus distinguishes the new species from all known species
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Itaquasconinae">Itaquasconinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is possible that the presence of spiral thickening in the "buccal tube", and the lateral orientation of the caudal processes of the AISM was missed in some previously described species. In this case, any species found with these characters should be transferred into the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meplitumen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though this may result in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. becoming a junior synonym. Therefore, to avoid this remote risk, we found it opportune to compare the new species with all the similar, known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Itaquasconinae">Itaquasconinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
independently from the extension of the spiral thickening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
It is unnecessary to compare all
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Itaquascon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Itaquascon" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Itaquascon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, as the presence in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. of true macroplacoids, a more developed and differently shaped stylet furca (with longer branches) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
arrow, and 4C arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘a’">'a'</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and more robust stylet supports (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and 4C arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
), clearly separate these species. Also, comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Astatumen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astatumen" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Astatumen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is unnecessary as the presence in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. of stylet supports, true macroplacoids (lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Astatumen" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astatumen" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Astatumen</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a more developed and differently shaped stylet furcae (with longer branches) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
arrow, and 4D arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘a’">'a'</normalizedToken>
|
||
), separates these taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Mesocrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesocrista" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mesocrista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are also clear, as
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1234654" author="Gasiorek, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="B8" refString="Gasiorek, P, Stec, D, Morek, W, Zawierucha, K, Kaczmarek, L, Lachowska-Cierlik, D, Michalczyk, L, 2016. . https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1234654" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1234654" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gąsiorek">Gasiorek</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirmed the lack of spiral thickening in the buccal tube. In addition, in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. the stylet supports are inserted exactly between the buccal and the pharyngel tube (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in the two known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Mesocrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesocrista" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mesocrista</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a short portion of tube without spiral thickening is present after the stylet supports insertion point (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1234654" author="Gasiorek, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="B8" refString="Gasiorek, P, Stec, D, Morek, W, Zawierucha, K, Kaczmarek, L, Lachowska-Cierlik, D, Michalczyk, L, 2016. . https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1234654" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1234654" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gąsiorek">Gasiorek</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2a, b, figs 5 a, b; 7c). Furthermore, in the new species the caudal processes of the stylet furcae do not have swollen apices (compare
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype B paratype (slide No. 00477); the arrow indicates a row of small teeth C detail of the pharyngeal bulb of the holotype with the long placoids well visible D bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of a paratype (slide No. 00461); the arrow indicates a stylet furca. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318972" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
arrow, and
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Shape of the stylet furca (arrow ' a') in species of various genera of Itaquasconinae A Mesocrista spitzbergensis (Richters, 1903) B Platicrista angustata (Murray, 1905) C Itaquascon cambewarrense Pilato, Binda & Claxton, 2002 D Astatumen trinacriae (Arcidiacono, 1962). Arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318973" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘a’">'a'</normalizedToken>
|
||
), the microplacoid is absent, and cuticular bars on the legs are absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
We carefully examined
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista angustata" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="angustata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Platicrista angustata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Murray, 1905) and ascertained the absence of spiral thickening in the buccal tube wall (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Shape of the stylet furca (arrow ' a') in species of various genera of Itaquasconinae A Mesocrista spitzbergensis (Richters, 1903) B Platicrista angustata (Murray, 1905) C Itaquascon cambewarrense Pilato, Binda & Claxton, 2002 D Astatumen trinacriae (Arcidiacono, 1962). Arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318973" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista angustata" order="Parachela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="angustata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Platicrista angustata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having thinner stylet supports (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Bucco-pharyngeal tube of Meplitumen aluna gen. nov., sp. nov. A holotype (slide No. 00462), was invaded by fungal hyphae. The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). The arrow ' b' indicates the stylet supports. Arrow ' c' indicates the caudal processes pointing sideways of the wide and flat AISM B paratype (slide No. 00460). The spiral thickening also anterior to the stylet supports insertion point is visible (arrow ' a'). Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318971" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
, and 4B, arrow
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘b’">'b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and thinner and longer claw secondary
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">branches</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A-C claws of Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. (paratypes) A claws III B and C claws IV. The arrow indicates the structure interpretable as a very thin lunule D claws III of Platicrista angustata (Murray, 1905). It is evident that in Meplitumen aluna sp. nov. the claw secondary branches are longer and thinner than those of Platicrista angustata. Scale bar: 20 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.865.30705.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318975" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
with 6D). The new species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista cheleusis" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="cheleusis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Platicrista cheleusis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kathman, 1990 by the lack of a polygonal pattern on the cuticle, and cuticular bars on the legs. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista horribilis" order="Parachela" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="horribilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Platicrista horribilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2003 in the claw shape, and by having the lunules (if they are such) on legs IV less developed
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
without teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Meplitumen" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meplitumen aluna" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="aluna">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Meplitumen aluna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista itaquasconoide" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="itaquasconoide">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Platicrista itaquasconoide</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Durante Pasa & Maucci, 1975) by lacking the microplacoid, and a small basal spur on the claws of the hind legs. It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista ramsayi" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="ramsayi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Platicrista ramsayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marley, 2006 by the lack of cuticular bars on the legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Eutardigrada" family="Hypsibiidae" genus="Platicrista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platicrista affine" order="Parachela" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="affine">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Platicrista affine</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mihelčič">Mihelcic</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1951) is considered a
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">nomen dubium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ramazzotti, G" journalOrPublisher="Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Marco De Marchi" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 1012" refId="B25" refString="Ramazzotti, G, Maucci, W, 1983. Il Phylum Tardigrada. . Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Marco De Marchi 41: 1 - 1012" title="Il Phylum Tardigrada." volume="41" year="1983">Ramazzotti and Maucci 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dastych, H" journalOrPublisher="Sonderdruck aus Veroeffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeunm" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="5 - 12" refId="B4" refString="Dastych, H, 1993. Redescription of the cryoconital tardigrade Hypsibiusklebelsbergi Mihelcic, 1959, with notes on the microslide collection of the late Dr. F. Mihelcic (Tardigrada). . Sonderdruck aus Veroeffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeunm 73: 5 - 12" title="Redescription of the cryoconital tardigrade Hypsibiusklebelsbergi Mihelcic, 1959, with notes on the microslide collection of the late Dr. F. Mihelcic (Tardigrada)." volume="73" year="1993">Dastych 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1166.1.3" author="Marley, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="35 - 48" refId="B12" refString="Marley, NJ, 2006. A new species of Tardigrada, Platicristaramsayi sp. nov. from the paramo of Volcan Chiles, Ecuador. . Zootaxa 1166: 35 - 48" title="A new species of Tardigrada, Platicristaramsayi sp. nov. from the paramo of Volcan Chiles, Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1166.1.3" volume="1166" year="2006">Marley 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and as the material studied by
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mihelčič">Mihelcic</normalizedToken>
|
||
no longer exists, a comparison is impossible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |