treatments-xml/data/0B/E4/FD/0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="27222" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma microcarpum R. E. Fr." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732669504701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="951419B3122DF7EE686ACB63FFC7D739">A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="10B7671C31C40AD261C3E96582DD7E3D">Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7C82D97539231F897F3F256569B1CC3">Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5357DF4AC708C1D3E952EFC48BEC089F">Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EB73BD415DAEB6738A5C91115A1021CB">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F276FD0FEA5F772BE1BA2F8A9E525A98">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="7A62C124CDA30E0E639B191B7E090ADB" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="34C4D518DCC59428984AA65C8E44CE85" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0BE4FD0679FF0D278DB051956C2DF1B2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Annonaceae">
<subSubSection id="C7219A3434C0D51BA9A71E919CA666B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="23AE2C7674471E374E6CC07237B745B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
20. 
<taxonomicName id="B8754AE275B457183B8A1D2DFDE42D19" ID-CoL="ZBCM" LSID="63703F6E-5847-5F4B-A5AE-B85C677180E3" authority="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">Cremastosperma microcarpum R.E.Fr.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="B09D95E0B99CA040EEFAF04057684D2C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Flowers of Cremastosperma. Fig. 11 from van Heusden (1992). a C. microcarpum: longitudinal section b C. oblongum R. E. Fr.: longitudinal section c C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr.: bud d C. gracilipes R. E. Fr.: flower e, f C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr.: longitudinal section (e) and stamen (f) g C. microcarpum: carpel (a Maas et al. 6281 b Maas et al. 4592 c Nelson 763 d Luteyn et al. 4890 e, f Holm-Nielsen et al. 21501 g Prance et al. 3527)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245284" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1a,g</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BCFB2A01FA14FCD6BD5A4371F1F50D75" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Fruits and seeds of Cremastosperma. Adapted from plate 8 from van Setten &amp; Koek-Noorman (1992). a Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. b, e C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr. c C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. d C. macrocarpum Maas f C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. (a Brandbyge &amp; Asanza C. 30017 b, e Prance et al. 24094 c Gentry et al. 32153 d Wingfield &amp; van der Werff 6751 f Sperling et al. 6198)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245285" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2c</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="575CF2F816ACBF71449571A26728D087" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 23. a, b Cremastosperma leiophyllum R. E. Fr. a flower b fruit (Pirie et al. 2; photo LWC) c, d Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr. c habit (Maas et al. 8577, photo: PJMM), fruit (Maas et al. 8595, photo PJMM) e-g C. microcarpum R. E. Fr. e fruit (Maas et al. 6281; photo PJMM) f, g flower (Maas et al 8222; photo PJMM) h-j C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr. h habit i leaves j flower bud (Pirie et al. 5; photos LWC) k, l C. oblongum R. E. Fr. k flower l fruit (Maas et al. 9148; photos PJMM) m-o C. osicola. m fruit n flower o leaf and flower with scale bar (photos Reinaldo Aguilar)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 23</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="05A360B473CE2C6CE3271B6A7FEDBD33" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 29. Cremastosperma microcarpum R. E. Fr. a leaves b flowers and flower buds c fruit (a, b Maas et al. 6281 c Vasquez &amp; Jaramillo 9350)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245330" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 29</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="BE501506FD47B4B6B5987E928BD85F32" captionStart="Map 7" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Map 7. Distribution of Cremastosperma megalophyllum R. E. Fr.; C. microcarpum R. E. Fr.; C. pedunculatum (Diels) R. E. Fr.; and C. peruvianum R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245326" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3EAAFF0FF81E1F6D2215742660C9D0FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="82384A8D5CF26B005794E96437DD818D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5223309B7AD377FB90B11CBE096F96E1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">Cremastosperma microcarpum</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 559. 1939.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26A019E84BAAEB0A828BC4E060C85AB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5FC823FADC82DD72C54C03560E1527CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3020C113172803255843DFC2677D62A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
BRAZIL, Amazonas: Mun. 
<normalizedToken id="1BFBD2BD59B13CEDE9A5E1A69FFD0995" originalValue="Humaitá">Humaita</normalizedToken>
, Rio Madeira, near Tres Casas, 18 Sep 1934, 
<emphasis id="CD50B275DFE220D0F93E3036F90ADBC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krukoff, B.A. 6151</emphasis>
(holotype: S! [S-R-6964]; isotypes: A! [00039263], F! [V0054581F], G! [G00237254], GB! [GB-0047034], K! [K000485529], MICH! [MICH1286075], MO! [MO-047716], NY! [NY00025862], U! [U0000248], US! [US00811272, US00901600]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8DE343978B64E1A7540788D7078338FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="C2D2695CF5D1F34C88DF562DF8E48C62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="186E417DE3DF321FAA63149226A69162" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="79C4746EEAB332287D0A0E568042E90B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
or 
<emphasis id="CA83FC7ED3B56728D02AC0BCD3E7A3B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">shrub</emphasis>
2-20 m tall, 2.5-18.5 cm diam.; young twigs and petioles glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed and/or erect white or golden hairs 0.3-0.4 mm long. 
<emphasis id="32CF08A405C8896167D33046E6F3085F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 2-12 by 1.5-3 mm; lamina narrowly elliptic to elliptic or narrowly obovate, 13-31 by 4-12 cm (index 1.8 
<normalizedToken id="B8547164CCDF68E081DB920EDABC980A" originalValue="–3.8(–">-3.8(-</normalizedToken>
4.8)), chartaceous, green, greyish- or brownish-green or brown on both sides, shiny above, venation below often yellowish, glabrous above, glabrous to rather densely covered with appressed or erect white hairs to 0.2 mm long at the base and on primary and secondary veins below, base acute to obtuse, rarely rounded or narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate (acumen 10-40 mm long), primary vein 1-2 mm wide at widest point, more or less verrucose on both sides, lightly grooved for around half of length, secondary veins 7-15, often 1-4 intersecondary veins, distance between from ca. 5 mm at the base to ca. 20 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein mostly from 45-60° at the base to 60-80° closer to the apex, not branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-7 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. 
<emphasis id="3B1B349CAD23C0FA9F4F9FE39585C3F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single flowers, solitary or clustered in groups of up to 3, on leafy or leafless twigs; peduncles (3 
<normalizedToken id="F85797281865C1851FAFE5B46F664C60" originalValue="–)5–">-)5-</normalizedToken>
15 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 4-15 by 1-2 mm (in fruit); pedicels (5 
<normalizedToken id="10F1A514C3613E40C1685443D9D008D3" originalValue="–)12–">-)12-</normalizedToken>
24 by ca. 1 mm at the base (in flower), 10-25 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect whitish hairs to 0.3 mm long; 1 to several lower bract(s), the basal-most small and scale-like, those more apical mostly (long) elliptic, occasionally leaf-like, 2 
<normalizedToken id="420B1B35871F68888E6AF9DFEA0CEA5D" originalValue="–6(–">-6(-</normalizedToken>
60) by ca. 1 mm, acute, soon falling off, rather densely covered with appressed white hairs to 0.3 mm long; upper bract attached mostly on the basal half of the pedicel, ovate to deltate, 1.5-2.5 by 1-1.5 mm, obtuse or acute, sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs to 0.3 mm long; closed flower buds very broadly to depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green, maturing to brown, (pale) yellow, cream or white outside, cream or yellow inside, sepals green or dark brown outside, green with a pink base inside 
<emphasis id="A9B0FBA3ECC043B6896F82497CBF1942" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, pale (orange-) brown or brown with dark or reddish-brown base 
<emphasis id="3B389E8A3FE8EF02664E0E5BFF0066CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, sepals and petals rather densely to densely covered with appressed or erect golden hairs (whitish close to the edges) to 0.3 mm long; sepals free or connate for 0.5 mm, broadly ovate to deltate, not reflexed, 3-4[-6] by 2.5-4[-6] mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals ovate to very broadly ovate, rounded, 11-18[-19] by 10-17 mm, inner petals elliptic to (narrowly) obovate, obtuse, 10-16[-22] by 5-8[-10] mm; androecium ca. 7 mm diam., stamens 1.3-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.6-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 1 mm diam., carpels 2-2.5[-2.9] long, sparsely covered with erect whitish hairs to 0.1 mm long. 
<emphasis id="57E89B85BF450DC7352681D8CE3CBD2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
(8-)17-33, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, asymmetrical, 8-11 by 6-8 mm, often with an oblique longitudinal groove corresponding to the seed raphe, green maturing to pink or orange through purple or brownish-red, brown and black 
<emphasis id="E2D5141A77BBAEE895EE9A487DE20F33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, dark or reddish-brown 
<emphasis id="AF25EEB4B9A7E4A04088115B99FB6CA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, with an excentric apicule, monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; stipes 8-16 by 1 mm; fruiting receptacle 4-8 mm diam. 
<emphasis id="1D2EDACFC743602371B59738058947D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
broadly ellipsoid, orange brown, pitted, 6-8 by 5-6 mm, raphe sunken, somewhat irregular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46437468A72E7448EBB9470F31FE7A63" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4F4DE3191541DEDA595BF19BCB0513A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB6BD28DD07AF41E7D7BC290E94C750A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto) and Brazil (Amazonas).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59E9186B1778024B1BF6AFC381352F18" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="FA22FDDA57BEF7B812DA5C5E932D9794" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C72DCD9300AFE17EAC85DC65B1B21B58" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Forest inundated by white (
<normalizedToken id="4023C5C9DCF9504407F4D3B089EDACE2" originalValue="várzea">varzea</normalizedToken>
) or black (tahuampa) water, on yellowish, lateritic soil. At elevations of 80-200 m. Flowering: March, July and September; fruiting: throughout the year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33A3422253E8998FF050AAF45B33B9FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph id="A27D495A2FE16942BED8E82FC4BD1087" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39FDD20511EAA554C6D233E6F28397F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Peru: Bara (
<emphasis id="2C960D5E8BAD6E2D38B68F1E509851A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">McDaniel et al. 17020</emphasis>
), Barra caspi (
<emphasis id="04A07E9E9531A17FD3A214A383131BF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">McDaniel et al. 20677</emphasis>
), 
<normalizedToken id="719329FFADC16E885A21E5192F84792E" originalValue="churú">churu</normalizedToken>
yais (
<emphasis id="910C697EBE79324E546340F40FFCF7C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Dominguez 52, 59</emphasis>
), Hicojilla (
<emphasis id="DA17FF0AEA9306F44DAC3BA2070B9150" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schunke V. 6412</emphasis>
), Icoja (
<emphasis id="E999DA6B81D28E24AD48D49AAF92C386" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M.E. Mathias et al. 5510</emphasis>
), Yais (Huambisa; 
<emphasis id="6990B36D30825E30F93F9AB5E6362492" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huashikat 321, 493</emphasis>
), Zorro Caspi Blanco (
<emphasis id="DCB44B2613FC613AF6CBA1DFA2F437B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freitas 8</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8DB498BCCC7988589F7BB9EE3B33FCCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="0C9328FDAECFD09F9592452B9328B4AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="601A87711AEBE695F7F16E553C6636B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="29923A65C6D89090F0B13B66B8727BF0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis id="D397501699FEF92669575084A35BE314" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles most closely 
<taxonomicName id="7F9DD9A43EEB7355237EB92942BC1158" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="4215DFDCC1F4D8AB52FBC0B31C2AD62B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs in the denser, longer hairs on the flowers and the generally acuminate as opposed to caudate leaf apex (but see discussion under that species). The hairy flower resembles somewhat those of 
<taxonomicName id="D5C69CD62991CBDFA90EA662D3A904FC" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cauliflorum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cauliflorum">
<emphasis id="584AF172B1E2601684B018C307E0FA6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cauliflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but which cannot be confused as 
<taxonomicName id="6C2C86B1B89970BA3DE1356E138EA24B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis id="3550A256F66E6F0EB6D8E04DD1AF34D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
never exhibits a branching inflorescence. In addition, the monocarps of 
<taxonomicName id="AEA96EEB7EE5D25232FD2C4BB120A162" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cauliflorum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cauliflorum">
<emphasis id="3B7D62A6A5F37F469F9C93E857B34110" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cauliflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are larger than those of 
<taxonomicName id="9A5ED1E293C70DD2F58DDE98EAD2FB1E" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis id="ADAB3637748F5C1EE2529DDFEE20F9F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and characteristically globose to transversely broadly ellipsoid as opposed to ellipsoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C623FE6B1492AB5D23FEB42688E0FEFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="026D320D36BFF90565C106D3936DC997" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8808B1D2A7280D69B1DC59DE4E46DAB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BCFA68A5A35C3E94BF82E325C70FC1D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis id="8B531E3F4DBE027F561FB2D5B3D1AAF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, including occurrences in protected areas in Colombia. Least concern [LC] (Table 
<tableCitation id="2B0B827048426E807ABEDD30B5C4958F" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="996C28EBC1F46073491144D9ED253C5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="165DC1852B31B8A270EC80781A59030D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFB8ECFE3605C4BB562050145F42AFB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="43B96D402521081AD9413BBBDAB9CEE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BRAZIL. Amazonas</emphasis>
: Rio Embira, 
<geoCoordinate id="2FE6AEEEDD89A85138ADBA4E2560078A" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5">7°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3A9EB8424068C48A69D1D073FF3E0A34" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.25">70°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 10 Jun 1933, 
<emphasis id="9C3D1AFD3250230BB4F42692E81867B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krukoff 4748</emphasis>
(F, G, K, MICH, MO, NY, S, U). 
<emphasis id="7FC361B763DE6B4DE92240DB4B3A0F43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COLOMBIA. Amazonas</emphasis>
: Parque Nacional Amacayacu, 
<geoCoordinate id="8F514A43D891B6B96FA23CF03F3E69B2" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.0166667">3°01'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C55788ADDD1BBA61C5288BCA4571EFAE" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.03333">70°02'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m a.s.l., 21 Jun 1991, 
<emphasis id="0BEFA8ADA71AFE3677B5ACF407521AAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rudas et al. 2260</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis id="AD33A269494AF43FEE8F6EFA1540AEE0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken id="3899F4925244DA1CE72BD76CBAABB3E9" originalValue="Santiago-Río">Santiago-Rio</normalizedToken>
Morona road, E of Santiago, 
<geoCoordinate id="96579E283B9D5EDC07439C951B528913" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-2.9733334">2°58'24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0B80B4C049782B2F3DD331ECD59DB67B" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-77.82667">77°49'36&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 322 m a.s.l., 10 Jul 2004, 
<emphasis id="C66F9A5DEAAAAC0200F26E041F7F4768" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Croat 90749</emphasis>
(MO, U). 
<emphasis id="E09347AE96E126438BBD4CC64CCD7E0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PERU. Amazonas</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken id="7D707D43013A188AEED37271327D1C72" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Santiago valley, Quebrada Caterpiza, 
<geoCoordinate id="B5E041949D78144BFE77869954F7298A" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.0">4°00'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="DEC5D8BACEC74AC5F5D9BD6DC269B43D" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.0">77°00'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1979, 
<emphasis id="791BA38355DB0E9B7B23E7E5D75BA49E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huashikat 321</emphasis>
(MO). 
<emphasis id="DFAE09CE42360787FD32DED7B25D2107" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Loreto</emphasis>
: Yanamono Explorama Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="DD3AFE51162E2502A49240D564B3EF34" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.45">3°27'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FD92A9CF0EB82AD65CA5671CAB703BE6" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.85">72°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100-150 m a.s.l., 30 Dec 1998, 
<emphasis id="FFFFF1BC5F18F8C15C791666AB6A1179" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chatrou et al. 208</emphasis>
(MOL, U); Nauta-Parimari, 
<geoCoordinate id="A80D7080129C8796CC88F0668D1007D6" degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.0">5°00'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B38C8C35F18067A1A4C4335894A375AA" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.25">74°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 90 m a.s.l., 1993, 
<emphasis id="3557F4D7F089AEEACABFCFFC2B3E6347" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Del Carpio 2213</emphasis>
(MO); Jenaro Herrera, 
<geoCoordinate id="115B332CFD12065A252C0D7A3C79D148" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.9166665">4°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3F0DF62AA8F071989E9FEC4F729B73DF" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.666664">73°40'W</geoCoordinate>
, 125 m a.s.l., 26 Oct 1988, 
<emphasis id="AA445802715DC954496041C40BD4520B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Freitas 8</emphasis>
(U); Mishana, 
<normalizedToken id="0790DB65CB53DF178DB598B8D63BF2DB" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nanay, 
<geoCoordinate id="2B7219CB3AE9478B36698418640FFCE0" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.8333333">3°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7B9B20014890F40F78300953EBF804F3" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.5">73°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 130 m a.s.l., 26 Feb 1979, 
<emphasis id="460B66332A4AB9684A4D01EBE88F9319" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="460345D4C9A3AA205F2B029E07C3734E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aronson 25111</emphasis>
(U, USM); Quistacocha, near Iquitos, 
<geoCoordinate id="5CF0F6CEFF1F327C837A01EA4386AFD9" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.75">3°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5165812B72B8D8E1E1C2031ACFBBC24B" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.333336">73°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 140 m a.s.l., 13 Mar 1981, 
<emphasis id="0BC66EE1BF2376CD20BEB0726FD9D5E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry et al. 32153</emphasis>
(MO, NY, U, USM); 
<normalizedToken id="657B6ADF59886D34800510AF19BAF029" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Samiria, Flor de Yarina, 
<geoCoordinate id="A2B66F2871EF31BC5226F1072A0120C0" degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.0333333">5°02'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="69BD9A3F9AAF691D17A7950EC09BDC34" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.5">74°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 140-160 m a.s.l., 4 Aug 1982, 
<emphasis id="D4DA2DBE57DDAD4D266594C316756EF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gentry et al. 38085</emphasis>
(MO, U); Reserva Nacional Pacaya-Samiria, 
<geoCoordinate id="56E15AD9AD6ED24596FA9FBFABE531DA" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.3">3°18'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A88E8C095BBC0AB050F36B96956722C9" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.833336">74°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 130 m a.s.l., 22 Oct 1990, 
<emphasis id="B62D959940FAE5E8ACB7637170333870" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="15301011BBD8775A3A82D66DF4A19BC7" originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="373E8D9823625E1493ED90A0B9768915" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 2032</emphasis>
(MO); Braga, near 
<normalizedToken id="5E96DDEFA25EA3BE300DFF6284DD962E" originalValue="Caño">Cano</normalizedToken>
Supay, 
<normalizedToken id="485BCF10243741C5DD6E708536565826" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Ucayali, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCCB32790F1F3FA086801562CDBD8895" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.9166665">4°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EADCFB8F65481B0D1338BF5FEE58CBE2" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.73333">73°44'W</geoCoordinate>
, 110 m a.s.l., 27 Oct 1994, 
<emphasis id="4CD707D24F2D9C9F3868CA57DD291D17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 8222</emphasis>
(L, U, USM, WU); Mishana, 
<normalizedToken id="D5C3EF0CC1316CAF23D9C970F468A40F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Nanay, Quebreda San Pedro, 
<geoCoordinate id="91FF09C05E961D154B7E140CA40AA1EA" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.9166667">3°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8A38C31D7BF566D8EB3C5DA77F6F75F6" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.583336">73°35'W</geoCoordinate>
, 130 m a.s.l., 26 Sep 1986, 
<emphasis id="A8250974A224C762EA7A4962FFFC201A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="3344E6D1AE119CF47EDA598A7FCFFD9D" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="595921B94291906B4EAFA4E44B0DE029" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 8010</emphasis>
(MO, U); Mariscal Castilla, Caballo cocha, 
<geoCoordinate id="E4349711490A3BD0622BC76EE82463CC" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.9166667">3°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="253EF0500FB8BE920AB79D858FD1E80E" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.5">70°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 106 m a.s.l., 14 Jul 1987, 
<emphasis id="FE7B81C3185DE46EAECF7A3842EE8244" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="1CB52C7FD29A1D2C29F8F65778BA72D5" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="73EF43FC6BCF0FE2F7433ED617B8AD7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 9350</emphasis>
(F, MO, U, USM); Sapuena, Jenaro Herrera, 
<geoCoordinate id="6C4AC804B1F3AE0F186EA09A0210AB92" degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.8333335">4°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="2D0F8F1FE6F1283F4B0CC2362E1D0EA8" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.75">73°45'W</geoCoordinate>
, 170 m a.s.l., 17 Nov 1987, 
<emphasis id="E8C8DD85AA4522984D8D891C6D14E198" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="85A6156D96EAD07336ED467E4EABF109" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="5EE83DF20D86A8E1E0FE5707E22FE6F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 10088</emphasis>
(MO, U, USM).
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FB7C8A4623B0D00C19F4D36775D091D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911267" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245330" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F35">
<paragraph id="54DEF6D58F6B1F9050D447BD01A43382" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="3FDC65892F78BBB4E037C21B1D55CA3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EB37FB0DB5C671425565A9B1F293B3B3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis id="AD8E723B36FA0A31096252DB7CD52ED8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="62D938B75ABAC33741EFE523932D3455" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
leaves 
<emphasis id="72302CD54B42BC013EB5049C38E7AD35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flowers and flower buds 
<emphasis id="07E39324C2A644A12DBD66BE0FB593FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
fruit (
<emphasis id="B5ACD85B343ED42B954D7E2CE56B69A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a, b</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2DDA91447A1809CE88F8B8E168B83A94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maas et al. 6281</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DE72DCF1C8256CBE0482550AB4ECBB5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">c</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C08AFAF27EB8A299B665A4C48E8BF5A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="93C55EE4B5BC458F7E3C649237984483" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
&amp; Jaramillo 9350
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>