treatments-xml/data/03/D2/38/03D2383B851EC324D9B2A0ADACBA77BD.xml

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<mods:title id="AE020F65671A8B7A49F24A23944B05BD">The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EE14D3D166D81AEEEB6ACC046FCA6AEF">Okajima, Shûji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D82B5436D791F79C77E96D5D25BEC581">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E9A974CF30E0A3B45154A468419A4224">Masumoto, Masami</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0FB507D2A5B052C50C27C6C47DEA9212">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" box="[151,557,510,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" blockId="22.[151,557,510,537]" box="[151,557,510,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D08C3E41851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" bold="true" box="[151,557,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" ID-CoL="3MJSB" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[151,557,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" bold="true" box="[151,557,510,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A0ADA9B0735B" bold="true" box="[151,454,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Hoplandrothrips flavipes</emphasis>
Bagnall
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6851EC324D9B2A310ACBA77BD" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9B2A310AA127319" blockId="22.[151,612,579,603]" box="[151,612,579,603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D9B2A310AA5B7319" ID-CoL="3MJSB" authority="Bagnall, 1923" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,557,579,603]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A310A9E07319" box="[151,406,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Hoplandrothrips flavipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324D8B9A310AA5B7319" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[412,557,579,603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" pagination="624 - 631" refId="ref49146" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1923) Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. XIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (71), 624 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932308632986" type="journal article" year="1923">Bagnall, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 628.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9B2A3D9AAC177D6" blockId="22.[151,1437,649,1792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D9B2A3D9A96473E1" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[151,274,649,675]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A3D9A96473E1" box="[151,274,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DB5FA3D9AAB573E6" box="[634,707,650,676]" name="Kenya" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and has six junior synonyms. It is widely distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics around the world, extending to the temperate region in
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DD02A3FDAC1C738A" box="[1063,1130,686,712]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Sometimes, it makes large colonies on dead leafy branches in Southeast Asia and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DA2FA381AB3B73AE" box="[778,845,722,748]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
. In spite of the wide distribution of this species, the morphological characteristics are relatively stable, and there is no significant difference depending on the locality. However, colouration of the median abdominal segments is often variable. In most individuals from Southeast Asia to
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D990A26DA88E721A" box="[181,248,830,856]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
, abdominal segment III is usually yellowish, paler than segment II, and segments IV to VII are gradually darkened posteriorly in the female, but this is rather indistinct in the male, and often these segments are uniformly brown in both sexes. Moreover, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324DB97A2D6ABBC72DD" author="Ananthakrishnan, T. N." box="[690,970,901,927]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" pagination="99 - 120" refId="ref48944" refString="Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (1964) Thysanopterologica Indica - I. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 85, 99 - 120." type="journal article" year="1964">Ananthakrishnan (1964)</bibRefCitation>
, this species from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DD88A2D6AC9172DD" box="[1197,1255,901,927]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DC29A2D6AA307281" authority="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phlaeothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DC29A2D6A89E7281" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Phlaeothrips indicus</emphasis>
Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu
</taxonomicName>
) has the metathorax and abdominal segment I yellowish at least in females. It is unusual in having four stout sense cones on antennal segment III, but this character state is shared with four congeners from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D86EA2A1A9FD754E" box="[331,395,1010,1036]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324D8BCA2A2AA4D7549" author="Okajima, S." box="[409,571,1009,1035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB52A2A1AB777549" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[631,769,1009,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DB52A2A1AB777549" box="[631,769,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
newly described below from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DD6FA2A2ACD67549" box="[1098,1184,1009,1035]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. These sense cones are placed in an almost usual position for
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB1EA546AA98756D" ID-CoL="K59" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[571,750,1045,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae</taxonomicName>
, two sense cones on each inner and outer apex of the segment, but the outer one frequently situated ventrally. However, although these six species share the same sense cone formula on antennal segment III, they are not necessarily closely related to each other. Some large sized species, which are named temporarily
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D8C9A5D2AA0675D9" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[492,624,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D8C9A5D2AA0675D9" box="[492,624,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group here, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DA7BA5D2ABB075D9" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[862,966,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DA7BA5D2ABB075D9" box="[862,966,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DAF3A5D1ACAE75D9" box="[982,1240,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DAF3A5D1AC4675D9" ID-CoL="3MJT3" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[982,1072,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jennyae">jennyae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DD19A5D1ACAE75D9" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1084,1240,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinqueconus">quinqueconus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DC34A5D2ADE375D9" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1297,1429,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DC34A5D2ADE375D9" box="[1297,1429,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are undoubtedly not so closely related to this species. Moreover, even in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DADFA5F6AC2775FD" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1018,1105,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DADFA5F6AC2775FD" box="[1018,1105,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DD8FA5F5AD5F75FD" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1194,1321,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aseanae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DD8FA5F5AD5F75FD" box="[1194,1321,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. aseanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D837A599A9AA75A1" ID-CoL="3MJRL" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree" authorityYear="2013" box="[274,476,1225,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneicinctus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D837A599A9AA75A1" box="[274,476,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. brunneicinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DB04A59AAAFE75A1" box="[545,648,1225,1251]" name="Australia" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
are probably closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DACAA59AAC3075A1" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1007,1094,1225,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DACAA59AAC3075A1" box="[1007,1094,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though they have three sense cones on that antennal segment. Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB5BA5BDAA817445" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[638,759,1262,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asianus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DB5BA5BDAA817445" box="[638,759,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. asianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DAC8A5BDACF57445" ID-CoL="3MJTP" box="[1005,1155,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DAC8A5BDACF57445" box="[1005,1155,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. ochraceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DDEFA5BDAD7C744A" box="[1226,1290,1262,1288]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
appear to be included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D866A442A9EC7469" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[323,410,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D866A442A9EC7469" box="[323,410,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group and also have three sense cones on segment III, despite the maxillary stylets scarcely longer and closer together. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB01A465AAC6740D" ID-CoL="6MCGF" box="[548,688,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloratus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DB01A465AAC6740D" box="[548,688,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. coloratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be included in this group, although it has only two sense cones on antennal segment III. These species share the following character states: head a little longer than wide, almost entirely sculptured with polygonal reticulation, but reticles often very weak; sub-basal cheek setae rather small; antennal segment VIII distinctly constricted basally, pedicellate; maxillary stylets close together medially, but narrowly apart, retracted to postocular setae, usually not reaching eyes; fore tarsal tooth absent or weakly developed in female; pelta hat-shaped with slender lateral wings; abdominal sternite VIII with no pore plate in male. Considering these relationships, and the character state of sense cones on antennal segment III, there is a possibility that this species is not as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DBDBA762ABC17709" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[766,951,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DBDBA762ABC17709" box="[766,951,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species as considered previously.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324DC19A762A894772D" author="Okajima, S." pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed and illustrated this species based on a long series of females and males collected mainly from both subtropical and temperate regions of
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DB55A729AAC577D6" box="[624,691,1658,1684]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9E2A7CDACBA77BD" blockId="22.[151,1437,649,1792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9E2A7CDA9C777F5" box="[199,433,1693,1720]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Specimens examined</emphasis>
(detailed data are omitted). Numerous females and males from the following localities:
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A792A97A7799" bold="true" box="[151,268,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D9B2A792A97A7799" box="[151,268,1729,1755]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF851EC324D83AA792A9277799" box="[287,337,1729,1755]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Bali</collectingRegion>
, Lombok and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF851EC324DB25A792AA1C7799" box="[512,618,1729,1755]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DBA4A792AB0C7799" bold="true" box="[641,890,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DA28A792AB0C7799" box="[781,890,1729,1755]" name="Malaysia" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DAA8A792AC707799" bold="true" box="[909,1030,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DAA8A792AC707799" box="[909,1030,1729,1755]" name="Singapore" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DD3CA792AC067799" bold="true" box="[1049,1136,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Borneo</emphasis>
(Kalimantan and Sabah);
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A7B6A97277BD" bold="true" box="[151,260,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D9B2A7B6A97277BD" box="[151,260,1765,1791]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D836A7B6A91D77BD" bold="true" box="[275,363,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D836A7B6A91D77BD" box="[275,363,1765,1791]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D85CA7B6A9B477BD" bold="true" box="[377,450,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D85CA7B6A9B477BD" box="[377,450,1765,1791]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Honshu, Ogasawara and Ryukyu, data described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324DD30A7B6ACB677BD" author="Okajima, S." box="[1045,1216,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>