489 lines
61 KiB
XML
489 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="88A0280BD6A37CD1F453B2A2182A46DF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211341" ID-ZooBank="373DBA20-A1A7-4A2D-856C-67BF13D83C41" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1722790258077" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Okajima, Shûji & Masumoto, Masami" docDate="2024" docId="03D2383B850BC336D9B2A0C1AABD751B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5489.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5489 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ecacanthothrips Bagnall" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFEB40438508C332D925A153A8767142" masterDocTitle="The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1726015607694" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="95127334C5C83FC22197F8F124EB7C17">
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<mods:title id="5143267DA7FF4CF7612E08B1ABA5C32C">The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D7176BDBFFFF7C760AC810E082F5FE5A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5FF3FDBB3A7DF62F2C5D19C501551379">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D42415C8C184E4E926011771F610670F">Okajima, Shûji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6C6247C0A5AA5C3D4BD433370F31FAD3" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7249-671X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC57B189DBA849B77E97AE86B5CB8C4D">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E51CDA49639CDD57F8518B33A6B728F" type="email">7okajimas2@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="D68BA724A0D7836041CCEE9B8DA2B14F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD7A1B5EAD98506D6F957893C2FDF893">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="53ADE04C83B93A7EDD442696ED0C92D2">Masumoto, Masami</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB9F9B3E0D7ABD60668674BFDA28087A" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9049-2448</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A9C643AB050A0FECCC0FD1D37F21074">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="576C9152D5CEE3A9D8014698B37CA6F2" type="email">masumotoms@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8C64968798931A208CC854CE010BFB81">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="833BB13CE4FC255A0471AC0EC3D7FED0">
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<mods:date id="BB6753D8677A2412F598809B5C59494C">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="19DF6F51D75CDEAD19D9EE24E2220504">2024-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AB8EA951282F9FAD714F4AE959A71A52">5489</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5123A5A8AF72D9DA53F271FDE8E575BD">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BD7BE16585C4565D334D4831A2A2491C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FA43548A3A3CC4881A410C9669B1E63E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D2383B850BC336D9B2A0C1AABD751B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850BC336D9B2A0C1AABD751B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2383B850BC336D9B2A0C1AABD751B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" box="[151,455,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" blockId="3.[151,455,402,429]" box="[151,455,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="D08C3E41850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" bold="true" box="[151,455,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[151,455,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" bold="true" box="[151,455,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A0C1A92970EF" bold="true" box="[151,351,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
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Bagnall
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850BC336D9B2A084AAF57003" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850BC331D9B2A084AAA9734C" blockId="3.[151,1436,471,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE03850BC331D9B2A084AAA9734C" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C850BC331D9B2A084AA7870AD" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[151,526,471,495]" page="348" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1909">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A084AA7870AD" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall, 1909: 348" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,526,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A084A94870AD" box="[151,318,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331D863A084AA7870AD" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[326,526,471,495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="348 - 352" refId="ref49110" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1909) Synonymical notes; with a description of a new genus of Thysanoptera. Annals de la Societe entomologique de Belge, 52, 348 - 352." type="journal article" year="1909">Bagnall, 1909: 348</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB8EA084AC7D70AD" ID-CoL="92D3" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1908" box="[683,1035,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Acanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB8EA084ABC270AD" box="[683,948,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Acanthothrips sanguineus</emphasis>
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Bagnall
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</taxonomicName>
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(synonymised with
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DDF8A084A951734C" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDF8A084ADEA70AD" box="[1245,1436,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Idolothrips tibialis</emphasis>
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Ashmead
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331D868A0A5AA37734C" author="Palmer, J. M. & Mound, L. A." box="[333,577,502,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. & Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer & Mound, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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), by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850BC336D9B2A36FAAF57003" blockId="3.[151,1437,572,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D83FA36FA9A57314" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[282,467,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D83FA36FA9A57314" box="[282,467,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares most generic features with
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA55A36FAC5D7314" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[880,1067,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DA55A36FAC5D7314" box="[880,1067,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and seems to be distinguished only by the larger number of sense cones on antennal segment III.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA87A333AC2D7338" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[930,1115,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DA87A333AC2D7338" box="[930,1115,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species have more than six (usually more than 10) stout sense cones on the relatively enlarged antennal segment III (cf.
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<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DD96A3D7AD6573DC" box="[1203,1299,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 111–119" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@47.[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 111–119. Ecacanthothrips nigellus, female. (111) fore leg; (112) head and prothorax; (113) antennal segments II– VIII; (114) antennal segment III, dorsal view; (115) antennal segment III, ventral view; (116) metanotum and pelta; (117) prosternum and mesopresternum; (118) sub-basal wing setae; (119) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
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), and this is the only autapomorphy mentioned for this genus. There is usually a larger number of sense cones on the ventral surface of the segment than on the dorsal surface. Two
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA2AA39FABBE73A4" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[783,968,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DA2AA39FABBE73A4" box="[783,968,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from
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<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DD4CA39EACDA73A5" box="[1129,1196,717,743]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD9CA39EAD3D73A4" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1209,1355,717,742]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD9CA39EAD3D73A4" box="[1209,1355,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. inarmatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DCA1A39EA89D7248" ID-CoL="38DJ8" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DCA1A39EA89D7248" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. moundi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, usually have about 10 sense cones (cf.
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<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DB90A3A3AB607248" box="[693,790,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102–110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments III–IV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
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), but infrequently have six or seven sense cones in small individuals. In particular,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D892A246AA5D726C" ID-CoL="6DTLP" box="[439,555,789,814]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniger">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D892A246AA5D726C" box="[439,555,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. coniger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Borneo and Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DA56A247ABAC726C" box="[883,986,788,814]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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has more than 60 dark sense cones even in small individuals (
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<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331D8ACA26BA9A87210" box="[393,478,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
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). In contrast,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB58A26BAB4E7210" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[637,824,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB58A26BAB4E7210" box="[637,824,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species usually have three rather slender sense cones on that segment. Even in
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8E0A20FAAF67234" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[453,640,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8E0A20FAAF67234" box="[453,640,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, however, a widespread species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD23A20EACF47234" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1030,1154,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD23A20EACF47234" box="[1030,1154,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">H. flavipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as well as four species described from
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<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331D868A2D2A9FB72D9" box="[333,397,897,923]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Japan</collectingCountry>
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and one new species described below from
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<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DAB4A2D3AB9572D8" box="[913,995,896,922]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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have four rather stout sense cones on that segment. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D891A2F6AA6B72FC" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[436,541,932,958]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D891A2F6AA6B72FC" box="[436,541,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DB40A2F7AAA372FC" box="[613,725,932,958]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DA44A2F7ABBE72FC" box="[865,968,932,958]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DD24A2F7AC1372FC" box="[1025,1125,932,958]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
has four or five, but rarely two or three, sense cones on a rather slender segment III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DA60A29BABEA72A1" box="[837,924,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
|
||
), although it is included undoubtedly in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A2BFA8937544" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,229,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A2BFA8937544" box="[151,229,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D891A2BFAA1B7544" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[436,621,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D891A2BFAA1B7544" box="[436,621,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Members of this species-group include not only the widespread type-species of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8AAA542A9887568" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[399,510,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8AAA542A9887568" box="[399,510,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB54A542AB7B7568" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[625,781,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB54A542AB7B7568" box="[625,781,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. claricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DAA4A543AB897568" box="[897,1023,1040,1066]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850BC331DD1FA543ACD47568" box="[1082,1186,1040,1066]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DD95A543AD567568" box="[1200,1312,1040,1066]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, all have a median tubercle on the inner margin of the fore femur in both sexes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DAB5A567AC43750C" author="Okajima, S." box="[912,1077,1076,1102]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DDC4A567A9457530" authorityName="Okajima & Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinqueconus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDC4A567A9457530" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips quinqueconus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D818A50BA9F67530" bold="true" box="[317,384,1112,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE844850BC331D818A50BA9F67530" box="[317,384,1112,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331D8EEA50BAA6B7530" box="[459,541,1112,1138]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
newly described below, unusually has five (rarely six) sense cones and may be closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8ABA52EAA4E75D4" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[398,568,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8ABA52EAA4E75D4" box="[398,568,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">H. ryukyuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Ryukyu Islands. Therefore, the difference of sense cone number seems not to satisfactorily distinguish these two genera, and the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DAEDA5F3ACF775F8" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[968,1153,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DAEDA5F3ACF775F8" box="[968,1153,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could well be treated as an Oriental species-group of the worldwide genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DBFBA597ABEF759C" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[734,921,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBFBA597ABEF759C" box="[734,921,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DD4DA597AD69759C" author="Okajima, S." box="[1128,1311,1220,1246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DC08A597A9987464" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
However, there is an essential morphological difference in these sense cones on antennal segment III between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DC14A5BBADEB7440" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1329,1437,1255,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DC14A5BBADEB7440" bold="true" box="[1329,1437,1255,1282]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9E9A458A9FB7464" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[204,397,1291,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9E9A458A9FB7464" bold="true" box="[204,397,1291,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB30A45EAA0B7464" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[533,637,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB30A45EAA0B7464" box="[533,637,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the sense cones are comparatively small and all arise unusually on the ventral apex of the segment (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DB3CA463AA287409" box="[537,606,1328,1355]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 1–2: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 3–4: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 5–6: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 7–8: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 9–11: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 12–13: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8324C8850BC331DB75A463AA287409" box="[592,606,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DBA2A463AB177408" author="Palmer, J. M. & Mound, L. A." box="[647,865,1328,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. & Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Palmer
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBC5A462AB6A7408" box="[736,796,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1978
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD29A463ACB17408" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1036,1223,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD29A463ACB17408" box="[1036,1223,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including species with four or five sense cones on that segment, have the sense cones rather large and with one or two usually arising on the inner apex, and two, rarely one or three, on the outer apex of the segment. Frequently, the outer one is placed ventrally, but such a condition is widely found in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA7BA4CFAC6474F4" ID-CoL="625XG" box="[862,1042,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Even in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD5EA4CEAC8374F4" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1147,1269,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD5EA4CEAC8374F4" box="[1147,1269,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">H. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the formation of the four sense cones is not so different from ‘usual position’ as
|
||
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DABCA493AC7D7498" box="[921,1035,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102–110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments III–IV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 104A</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DD11A493AC9A7498" author="Okajima, S." box="[1076,1260,1472,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It appears that there is a qualitative difference between the sense cones, even if the number is the same or reversed. Thus, it might be interpreted that
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D856A75BAC2D7704" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
|
||
the sense cones on antennal segment III of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DAAFA75BAB8F7760" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[906,1017,1543,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DAAFA75BAB8F7760" bold="true" box="[906,1017,1543,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not homologous with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A778A92E7704" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[151,344,1579,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A778A92E7704" bold="true" box="[151,344,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, or at least no evidence is found that they are homologous.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In comparative morphology, it is very important to verify structural homology by evaluating relative positional relationships. This qualitative difference could probably be explained by the fact that the common ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD3CA726ACF677CC" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1049,1152,1652,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD3CA726AC5C77CC" box="[1049,1066,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD1DA727ACF677CC" box="[1080,1152,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD92A726AD2777CC" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1207,1361,1652,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD92A726ACBE77CC" box="[1207,1224,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDF3A727AD2777CC" box="[1238,1361,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">claricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had at least as many sense cones as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB20A7CAAAD777F0" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[517,673,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB20A7CAAA6077F0" box="[517,534,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB03A7CBAAD777F0" box="[550,673,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">claricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is undoubtedly most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD95A7CAAD6F77F0" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1200,1305,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD95A7CAACB777F0" box="[1200,1217,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDF4A7CBAD6F77F0" box="[1233,1305,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, then those sense cones have been reduced in number in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DBABA7EEAA837794" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[654,757,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBABA7EEAAE97794" box="[654,671,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB88A7EFAA837794" box="[685,757,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not conspicuously changed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DDA5A7EEAD6C7794" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1152,1306,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDA5A7EEACE77794" box="[1152,1169,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDBAA7EFAD6C7794" box="[1183,1306,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">claricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, these two genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D87BA7B3AA6177B8" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[350,535,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D87BA7B3AA6177B8" box="[350,535,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB6EA7B3AB7077B8" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[587,774,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB6EA7B3AB7077B8" box="[587,774,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are both retained tentatively in the present study. However,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A657AB08765C" bold="true" box="[151,894,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">this is only a temporary treatment and an arbitrary distortion.</emphasis>
|
||
Even if the homology of the sense cones in both genera is rejected, it will not immediately lead to a clear separation between these two genera and the relationship between them remains insufficiently clarified. In comparison with some of the synapomorphies shared by these two genera, the autapomorphy involving the sense cones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DBDEA623ABC276C8" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[763,948,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBDEA623ABC276C8" box="[763,948,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presumably has only a limited phylogenetic significance. We consider that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8D7A6C7AADB76EC" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[498,685,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8D7A6C7AADB76EC" box="[498,685,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be a synonym for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DAF3A6C7ACF976EC" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[982,1167,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DAF3A6C7ACF976EC" box="[982,1167,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but there are problems with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9F7A6EBA9FB7690" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[210,397,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9F7A6EBA9FB7690" box="[210,397,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that need to be resolved, so we will not express that formally at this time. One problem is the relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D897A68FAA1B76B4" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[434,621,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D897A68FAA1B76B4" box="[434,621,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB80A68FAB4A76B4" ID-CoL="5KDW" authorityName="Hinds" authorityYear="1902" box="[677,828,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Malacothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB80A68FAB4A76B4" box="[677,828,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Malacothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which might also be considered as a single genus, as discussed below under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D887A1C4AA2B71F3" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[418,605,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D887A1C4AA2B71F3" box="[418,605,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DBCEA1C4ABD071F3" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[747,934,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DBCEA1C4ABD071F3" box="[747,934,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, includes at least 130 species, and repeated nomenclatural changes can cause taxonomic confusion. Incidentally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DA85A1E8AC417197" ID-CoL="5KDW" authorityName="Hinds" authorityYear="1902" box="[928,1079,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Malacothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DA85A1E8AC417197" box="[928,1079,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Malacothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the oldest name among these three genera. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D8E1A18CAA0B71BB" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[452,637,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D8E1A18CAA0B71BB" box="[452,637,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be sister group to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD6CA18CADE571BB" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1097,1427,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD6CA18CADE571BB" box="[1097,1427,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips ryukyuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
- group (see below under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D881A050AA6B705F" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[420,541,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D881A050AA6B705F" box="[420,541,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">H. flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and it is probably not so closely related to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD10A050ACFA705F" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1077,1164,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD10A050ACFA705F" box="[1077,1164,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">flavipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group (see below under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9B2A074A9557003" ID-CoL="6MCGF" box="[151,291,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A074A9557003" box="[151,291,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">H. coloratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as was previously considered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850CC336D9E2A018AABD751B" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9E2A018AD48721F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Among the 11 described species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DB6FA018AAE47027" box="[586,658,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DB6FA018AAE47027" box="[586,658,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DB87A018AB6B7027" box="[674,797,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DB87A018AB6B7027" box="[674,797,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">claricornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DA7DA018ABD07027" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[856,934,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DA7DA018ABD07027" box="[856,934,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DDB3A018AC927027" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1174,1252,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DDB3A018AC927027" box="[1174,1252,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tibialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group, with the head rather longer, a median tubercle on the inner margin of fore femur in both sexes, and the fore coxa strongly extruded postero-externally in large males. Four species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DA3BA0C0ABE670EE" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[798,912,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DA3BA0C0ABE670EE" box="[798,912,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DABBA0C0ABBE70EF" box="[926,968,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DABBA0C0ABBE70EF" box="[926,968,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">leai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DAF2A0C0AC5D70EF" box="[983,1067,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DAF2A0C0AC5D70EF" box="[983,1067,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">moundi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD46A0C0ACCA70EF" box="[1123,1212,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD46A0C0ACCA70EF" box="[1123,1212,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">nigellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9B2A0E4A97F7092" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,265,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A0E4A97F7092" box="[151,265,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group, with a rather long head and unarmed median inner margin of fore femur. Two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC65A0E4ADEA7092" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1344,1436,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC65A0E4ADEA7092" box="[1344,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">spinipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9EDA088A93070B6" box="[200,326,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9EDA088A93070B6" box="[200,326,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tenuicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may also be included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DBB3A088AB7E70B6" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[662,776,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DBB3A088AB7E70B6" box="[662,776,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group, but the relationships of the remaining two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9B2A0ACA89B735A" box="[151,237,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A0ACA89B735A" box="[151,237,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">coniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D806A0ACA90B735B" authorityName="Pelikan" authorityYear="2000" box="[291,381,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolibaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D806A0ACA90B735B" box="[291,381,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">kolibaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unclear. It is noticeable that in all species belonging to these two groups, most of the sense cones are on the ventral rather than the dorsal surface of antennal segment III.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD0BA370ACD0737E" box="[1070,1190,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD0BA370ACD0737E" box="[1070,1190,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. coniger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is peculiar in having antennal segment III strongly distorted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DB74A314AAD67323" box="[593,672,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
) with numerous stout sense cones which are situated asymmetrically, biased antero-externally, also the mouth cone is extremely long and pointed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DD2AA338AC1573C7" box="[1039,1123,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
|
||
) and extending beyond the prospinasternum. However, most other character states are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DACBA3DCAC1673EA" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1006,1120,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DACBA3DCAC1673EA" box="[1006,1120,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD92A3DCAD5873EB" authorityName="Pelikan" authorityYear="2000" box="[1207,1326,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolibaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD92A3DCAD5873EB" box="[1207,1326,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. kolibaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850CC336D9B2A3E0A969738F" box="[151,287,691,717]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850CC336D847A3E0A9C9738F" box="[354,447,691,717]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850CC336D8EFA3E0AA66738F" box="[458,528,691,717]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has the head short and four stout sense cones on antennal segment III. According to the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850CC336D8EAA384AA1C73B3" author="Pelikan, J." box="[463,618,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="297 - 300" refId="ref50654" refString="Pelikan, J. (2000) A new Ecacanthothrips Bagnall, 1909 from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno), 85, 297 - 300" type="journal article" year="2000">Pelikan 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), most of these four thick sense cones are ventral on the large antennal segment III, and the species is here retained in this genus with some hesitation. The species has not been available for this study and further observations are needed. Especially in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DAADA24CAB8C727A" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[904,1018,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DAADA24CAB8C727A" box="[904,1018,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group, each species shows confusing size related variation as well as geographical variation, and it is very difficult to discriminate each species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9E2A234AAEB72E7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
In this paper, 12 Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D8C0A234AA8072C3" box="[485,758,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D8C0A234AAE872C3" box="[485,670,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are recognised in this genus, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD97A234AD2672C3" authorityName="Okajima & Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1202,1360,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD97A234AD2672C3" box="[1202,1360,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC73A234ADE072C3" bold="true" box="[1366,1430,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE844850CC336DC73A234ADE072C3" box="[1366,1430,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, here newly described from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850CC336D8EFA2D8A98F72E7" box="[458,505,907,933]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Bali</collectingRegion>
|
||
Is.,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850CC336DB0DA2D8AAEF72E7" box="[552,665,907,933]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9E2A2FCAABD751B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9E2A2FCA936728A" box="[199,320,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Small to medium sized species, usually macropterous. Most features very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9B2A280A92472AF" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[151,338,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A280A92472AF" box="[151,338,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with the following differences: antennal segment III usually enlarged (not enlarged in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC71A280ADEA72AF" box="[1364,1436,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC71A280ADEA72AF" box="[1364,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9E3A2A4A9327553" authorityName="Okajima & Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[198,324,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9E3A2A4A9327553" box="[198,324,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), much wider than segment IV, with more than six sense cones (usually more than 10) and if fewer, then mostly on ventral apex of the segment; fore femur often with a median tubercle or tooth on inner surface in addition to a pair of apical tubercles in both sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |