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<mods:title id="BB4C475DDC93EB66AC2B91B6A7A253CB">Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59FD2E0C9BD8425639A4EED035241FC6">Harl, Josef</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="656541F368275018C4DECB0CCE967320">Haring, Elisabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DF1AFF342D075BD08A2FF0B767D1E9DE">Sittenthaler, Marcia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B5B66763C27854C555DFBA54129FC4E">Sattmann, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BD0D7500E05EAE86168927346FC12059">Páll-Gergely, Barna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E65BB09FCE538CEA04F212247F5EF8AE">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A8FB1F99371A8E8156B7797C47C437BE">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E8D361FFA8FFE6E9EDFA2AFDD4D474" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14805757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14805757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E8D361FFA8FFE6E9EDFA2AFDD4D474" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E8D361FFA8FFE6E9EDFA2AFDD4D474" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="791" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
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<heading id="D0B6D51BFFA8FFE7E9EDFA2AFAB2D4E3" box="[917,1352,1506,1531]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7E989FA2AFAB2D4E3" ID-CoL="7NK74" authority="STEENBERG, 1925" authorityName="Steenberg" authorityYear="1925" box="[1009,1352,1506,1531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
<smallCapsWord id="8D18F4ABFFA8FFE7E989FA2AFB8CD4E2" baselines="1525,1525" box="[1009,1142,1506,1531]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Orculidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">ORCULIDAE</smallCapsWord>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7EE04FA2AFAB2D4E3" author="Steenberg CM" box="[1148,1352,1506,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref13761" refString="Steenberg CM. 1925. Etudes sur l'anatomie et la systematique des maillots (fam. Pupillidae s. lat.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn 80: 1-215." type="journal article" year="1925">
<smallCapsWord id="8D18F4ABFFA8FFE7EE04FA2AFAF9D4E2" baselines="1525,1525" box="[1148,1283,1506,1531]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Steenberg" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">STEENBERG</smallCapsWord>
, 1925
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB514559FFA8FFE7E943F9C2FB5FD738" box="[827,1189,1546,1568]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE04466FFA8FFE7E943F9C2FB5AD738" author="Steenberg CM" box="[827,1184,1546,1568]" page="201" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" year="1925">
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7E943F9C2FB5AD738" ID-CoL="7NK74" authority="Steenberg, 1925: 201" authorityName="Steenberg" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1925" box="[827,1184,1546,1568]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Orculidae
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7E9C9F9C2FB5AD738" author="Steenberg CM" box="[945,1184,1546,1568]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref13761" refString="Steenberg CM. 1925. Etudes sur l'anatomie et la systematique des maillots (fam. Pupillidae s. lat.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn 80: 1-215." type="journal article" year="1925">Steenberg, 1925: 201</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35B31FCFFA8FFE6E943F982FDD4D474" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="791" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFE6277FFA8FFE7E943F982FC3ED784" blockId="12.[827,1442,1609,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7E943F982FC32D747" box="[827,968,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
<typeStatus id="54FADCD5FFA8FFE7E943F982FC89D747" box="[827,883,1610,1631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7E9ABF981FB4DD746" authority="Held, 1837" authorityName="Held" authorityYear="1837" box="[979,1207,1609,1631]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orcula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7E9ABF981FBDCD746" box="[979,1062,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Orcula</emphasis>
Held, 1837
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus id="54FADCD5FFA8FFE7EEBDF982FB03D747" box="[1221,1273,1610,1631]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">type</typeStatus>
species
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EF1CF982FA58D747" box="[1380,1442,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Pupa</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7E943F9A0FB9ED765" authority="Draparnaud, 1801" authorityName="Draparnaud" authorityYear="1801" box="[827,1124,1640,1662]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orcula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dolium">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7E943F9A0FC76D765" box="[827,908,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">dolium</emphasis>
Draparnaud, 1801
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(subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7E943F94FFC4ED784" author="Gray JE" box="[827,948,1671,1692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="129 - 219" refId="ref12495" refString="Gray JE. 1847. A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society London 15: 129-219." type="journal article" year="1847">Gray, 1847</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE6277FFA8FFE6E943F90DFEE6D000" blockId="12.[827,1444,1733,1908]" lastBlockId="13.[145,761,197,280]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="791" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7E943F90DFBF8D7C3" box="[827,1026,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Included genera:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7EE72F90DFAB9D7C3" authority="Hausdorf, 1996" authorityName="Hausdorf" authorityYear="1996" box="[1034,1347,1733,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Alvariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EE72F90DFB7BD7C2" box="[1034,1153,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Alvariella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7EEF2F90DFAB9D7C3" author="Hausdorf B" box="[1162,1347,1733,1755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref12757" refString="Hausdorf B. 1996. Die Orculidae Asiens (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 125: 1-86." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausdorf, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7EF29F90DFC43D7E1" authority="Held, 1837" authorityName="Held" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orcula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EF29F90DFA59D7C2" box="[1361,1443,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Orcula</emphasis>
Held, 1837
</taxonomicName>
(with the subgenera
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EECDF92CFA99D7E1" box="[1205,1379,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Illyriobanatica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7EF13F92CFBC0D600" author="Pall-Gergely B &amp; Deli T &amp; Irikov A &amp; Harl J" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="25 - 49" refId="ref13171" refString="Pall-Gergely B, Deli T, Irikov A, Harl J. 2013. Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). ZooKeys 301: 25-49." type="journal article" year="2013">
Páll-Gergely &amp;
<collectingRegion id="4985AC95FFA8FFE7E9C7F8CAFC09D600" box="[959,1011,1794,1816]" country="India" name="Delhi" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Deli</collectingRegion>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
and
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EE02F8CAFAF8D60F" box="[1146,1282,1794,1815]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Hausdorfia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7EF74F8CAFC0CD62E" author="Pall-Gergely B &amp; Deli T &amp; Irikov A &amp; Harl J" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="25 - 49" refId="ref13171" refString="Pall-Gergely B, Deli T, Irikov A, Harl J. 2013. Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). ZooKeys 301: 25-49." type="journal article" year="2013">Páll-Gergely &amp; Irikov, 2013</bibRefCitation>
; described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7EED7F8E9FC89D64D" author="Pall-Gergely B &amp; Deli T &amp; Irikov A &amp; Harl J" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="25 - 49" refId="ref13171" refString="Pall-Gergely B, Deli T, Irikov A, Harl J. 2013. Subgeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). ZooKeys 301: 25-49." type="journal article" year="2013">
Páll-Gergely
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EF22F8EAFA61D62E" box="[1370,1435,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7E9F1F888FB42D64E" authority="Steenberg, 1925" authorityName="Steenberg" authorityYear="1925" box="[905,1208,1856,1878]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orculella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7E9F1F888FC0FD64D" box="[905,1013,1856,1877]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Orculella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7E984F888FB42D64E" author="Steenberg CM" box="[1020,1208,1856,1878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref13761" refString="Steenberg CM. 1925. Etudes sur l'anatomie et la systematique des maillots (fam. Pupillidae s. lat.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn 80: 1-215." type="journal article" year="1925">Steenberg, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7EEBCF888FC8CD66C" authority="Germain, 1912" authorityName="Germain" authorityYear="1912" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Pilorcula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EEBCF888FAD5D64D" box="[1220,1327,1856,1877]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Pilorcula</emphasis>
Germain, 1912
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE7E9FCF896FB04D66C" authority="Gittenberger, 1983" authorityName="Gittenberger" authorityYear="1983" box="[900,1278,1886,1908]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Schileykula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7E9FCF896FBEAD66B" box="[900,1040,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Schileykula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA8FFE7EE62F896FB04D66C" author="Gittenberger E" box="[1050,1278,1886,1908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" pagination="325 - 342" refId="ref12418" refString="Gittenberger E. 1983. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Pupillacea. IX. Nochmals uber Orculidae. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen C 86: 325-342." type="journal article" year="1983">Gittenberger, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA8FFE6EF74F896FE58D1C2" authority="de Charpentier, 1837" authorityName="de Charpentier" authorityYear="1837" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Sphyradium" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="791" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="12" pageNumber="790" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA8FFE7EF74F896FA58D66B" box="[1292,1442,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="790">Sphyradium</emphasis>
de Charpentier, 1837
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EB95FF0DFE9DD1E1" authority="Harl &amp; Harzhauser, 2014" authorityName="Harl &amp; Harzhauser" authorityYear="2014" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Nordsieckula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EB95FF0DFD69D1C2" box="[493,659,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Nordsieckula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6E8E7FF0DFE9DD1E1" author="Harzhauser M &amp; Neubauer TA &amp; Georgopoulou E &amp; Harl J" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="819 - 908" refId="ref12693" refString="Harzhauser M, Neubauer TA, Georgopoulou E, Harl J. 2014. The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin). Bulletin of Geosciences 89: 819-908." type="journal article" year="2014">Harl &amp; Harzhauser, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(fossil; described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6E812FF2CFEF6D000" author="Harzhauser M &amp; Neubauer TA &amp; Georgopoulou E &amp; Harl J" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="819 - 908" refId="ref12693" refString="Harzhauser M, Neubauer TA, Georgopoulou E, Harl J. 2014. The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin). Bulletin of Geosciences 89: 819-908." type="journal article" year="2014">
Harzhauser
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EAE9FECBFF33D00F" box="[145,201,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE6277FFA9FFE6EAE9FE8AFDC6D3B0" blockId="13.[145,761,321,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EAE9FE8AFEF2D04F" box="[145,264,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Shell mostly dextral, cylindrical, conical or ovoid; protoconch with spiral striation; teleoconch from smooth to ribbed, often with periostracal filaments; lower end of parietal and columellar lamellae visible in the aperture at straight view [very rarely reduced, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EAA8FE12FDDCD0F7" baseAuthorityName="P. Hesse" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[208,550,474,495]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orculella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="bulgarica" subSpecies="bulgarica">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EAA8FE12FDDCD0F7" box="[208,550,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Orculella bulgarica bulgarica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="4985AC95FFA9FFE6E84DFE13FD86D0E8" box="[565,636,475,496]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Hesse</collectingRegion>
, 1915); see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6EAE9FE31FEC6D317" author="Hausdorf B" box="[145,316,505,527]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref12757" refString="Hausdorf B. 1996. Die Orculidae Asiens (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 125: 1-86." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausdorf, 1996</bibRefCitation>
]; columellar and parietal lamellae long; columellar lamellae
<quantity id="4CB9CF92FFA9FFE6EB00FDD0FE45D336" box="[376,447,536,558]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 in</quantity>
number; palatal plicae present or absent; subangularis present in
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6E818FDFEFD03D353" authorityName="Harl &amp; Harzhauser" authorityYear="2014" box="[608,761,566,587]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Nordsieckula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6E818FDFEFD03D353" box="[608,761,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Nordsieckula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EB7AFD9DFE3ED373" box="[258,452,597,619]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EB7AFD9DFE96D372" box="[258,364,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Orculella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
; penial caecum always present; penial appendix present or absent; diverticulum of bursa copulatrix present or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE6277FFA9FFE6EAE9FD19FD2AD23C" blockId="13.[145,760,721,804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EAE9FD19FED1D3FE" box="[145,299,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Distribution:</emphasis>
Europe, Caucasus, Central Asia,
<collectingCountry id="F35622E7FFA9FFE6E8BCFD19FF22D21E" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Asia Minor</collectingCountry>
to the Levantine coast, some coastal areas of Northern Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6EB2EFCC6FDF9D23C" author="Hausdorf B" box="[342,515,782,804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref12757" refString="Hausdorf B. 1996. Die Orculidae Asiens (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 125: 1-86." type="journal article" year="1996">Hausdorf, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6E868FCC6FD3AD23C" author="Schileyko A" box="[528,704,782,804]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref13539" refString="Schileyko A. 1998. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica 1 (Suppl 2): 1-127." type="journal article" year="1998">Schileyko, 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFE6277FFA9FFE6EAE9FC85FDD4D474" blockId="13.[145,762,845,1388]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EAE9FC85FEFCD27A" box="[145,262,845,866]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Remarks:</emphasis>
Our present concept of
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6E847FC85FD40D27B" authorityName="Steenberg" authorityYear="1925" box="[575,698,845,867]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Orculidae</taxonomicName>
as a monophyletic group agrees with that of the Orculinae
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EAE9FC43FF2BD2B8" box="[145,209,907,928]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6EAA0FC42FE6BD2B8" author="Schileyko A" box="[216,401,906,928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="1 - 127" refId="ref13539" refString="Schileyko A. 1998. Treatise on recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, part 1. Achatinellidae, Amastridae, Orculidae, Strobilopsidae, Spelaeodiscidae, Valloniidae, Cochlicopidae, Pupillidae, Chondrinidae, Pyramidulidae. Ruthenica 1 (Suppl 2): 1-127." type="journal article" year="1998">Schileyko (1998</bibRefCitation>
, 2012). Based on shell morphological characters, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EB98FC61FD83D2A6" authorityName="Harl &amp; Harzhauser" authorityYear="2014" box="[480,633,937,958]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Nordsieckula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EB98FC61FD83D2A6" box="[480,633,937,958]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Nordsieckula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by Harl &amp; Harzhauser (in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6E859FC00FF30D2E4" author="Harzhauser M &amp; Neubauer TA &amp; Georgopoulou E &amp; Harl J" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="819 - 908" refId="ref12693" refString="Harzhauser M, Neubauer TA, Georgopoulou E, Harl J. 2014. The Early Miocene (Burdigalian) mollusc fauna of the North Bohemian Lake (Most Basin). Bulletin of Geosciences 89: 819-908." type="journal article" year="2014">
Harzhauser
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6E8CFFC00FD08D2C5" box="[695,754,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014
</bibRefCitation>
) for two fossil species,
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EB98FC2EFE92D502" authority="(Sandberger, 1858)" baseAuthorityName="Sandberger" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Nordsieckula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subconica">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EB98FC2EFD03D2E3" box="[480,761,998,1019]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Nordsieckula subconica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6EAE1FBCDFE9AD503" author="Sandberger F" box="[153,352,1029,1051]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" refId="ref13484" refString="Sandberger F. 1858. Die conchylien des Mainzer Tertiarbeckens. Wiesbaden: C. W. Kreidel." type="book" year="1858">Sandberger, 1858</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Central Europe, Late Oligocene to Early Miocene) and
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EB03FBECFF2BD540" authority="(Hausdorf, 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Hausdorf" baseAuthorityYear="1995" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Nordsieckula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EB03FBECFD8DD521" box="[379,631,1060,1081]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Nordsieckula falkneri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6E8FFFBECFF33D540" author="Hausdorf B" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" pagination="73 - 74" refId="ref12734" refString="Hausdorf B. 1995. Eine miozane Orcula aus Mitteleuropa (Gastropoda: Orculidae). Heldia 2: 73-74." type="journal article" year="1995">Hausdorf, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(Central Europe, Middle Miocene), both previously classified into the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6E879FBA9FDA8D56E" authorityName="Held" authorityYear="1837" box="[513,594,1121,1142]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orcula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6E879FBA9FDA8D56E" box="[513,594,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Orcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two species have typical orculid shells with a central parietal lamella and two columellar lamellae reaching the aperture margin. A subangularis is present in both fossil species and also in some of the recent
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6E8F5FB14FF17D408" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orculella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6E8F5FB14FD03D5E9" box="[653,761,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Orculella</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD01F86FFA9FFE6EA8EFB32FE2DD408" author="Harl J &amp; Pall-Gergely B &amp; Kirchner S &amp; Sattmann H &amp; Duda M &amp; Kruckenhauser L &amp; Haring E" box="[246,471,1274,1296]" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" refId="ref12635" refString="Harl J, Pall-Gergely B, Kirchner S, Sattmann H, Duda M, Kruckenhauser L, Haring E. 2014 b. Phylogeography of the land snail genus Orcula (Orculidae, Stylommatophora) with emphasis on the Eastern Alpine taxa: speciation, hybridization and morphological variation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 223." type="journal volume" year="2014">
Harl
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EB4FFB33FE8ED417" box="[311,372,1274,1296]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">et al.</emphasis>
(2014b)
</bibRefCitation>
propose the hypothesis that the younger species,
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EBCFFAD2FDCBD436" baseAuthorityName="Hausdorf" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[439,561,1305,1327]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Nordsieckula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="falkneri">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EBCFFAD2FDCBD436" box="[439,561,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">N. falkneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, might represent the most recent common ancestor of
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6E849FAF0FD7BD455" authorityName="Held" authorityYear="1837" box="[561,641,1336,1357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orcula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6E849FAF0FD7BD455" box="[561,641,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Orcula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6E8F5FAF0FD03D455" authorityName="Steenberg" authorityYear="1925" box="[653,761,1336,1357]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Orculella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6E8F5FAF0FD03D455" box="[653,761,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Orculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EABCFA9EFEACD473" authorityName="de Charpentier" authorityYear="1837" box="[196,342,1366,1387]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Sphyradium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EABCFA9EFEACD473" box="[196,342,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Sphyradium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[and
<taxonomicName id="4C4119F4FFA9FFE6EBE0FA9EFDE5D473" authorityName="Gittenberger" authorityYear="1983" box="[408,543,1366,1387]" class="Gastropoda" family="Orculidae" genus="Schileykula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="791" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B935BE65FFA9FFE6EBE0FA9EFDE5D473" box="[408,543,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="791">Schileykula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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