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<document id="34440918339F09B065AEFAB0D935938E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5543.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386271" ID-ZooBank="5672CC43-ADA1-44F8-8E6A-08F1BD1E2F10" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1733918488437" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vaulin, Oleg V., Petrozhitskaya, Liudmila V. &amp; Novgorodova, Tatiana A." docDate="2024" docId="03CD521DFFED8178FF1B4B45FEAF83B3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5543.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5543 (3)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium reptans" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="336" masterDocId="FFF42A65FFE8817FFF8C4E08FFD0800D" masterDocTitle="Genetic diversity of populations of Simulium reptans s. l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the territory of Russia and Northern Kazakhstan" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="334" updateTime="1734445985436" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FEE98FE5CCFD9E30504A1198DCD89144">Genetic diversity of populations of Simulium reptans s. l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the territory of Russia and Northern Kazakhstan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4295E63FA60D503647EF2FDF3371DBFD">Vaulin, Oleg V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="730FAADF22F2011371ECC2192493709F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0906-3625</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5E71948EC043E386D7C76B8EAF28204E">Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. &amp; Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="653BD9EEA2102A79D29B21861997F4B0">Petrozhitskaya, Liudmila V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DE2549D6CC85D0D08FFE902AC8D4B372">Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E0CD2C40F3FDFD91788EC0C3039044F2" type="email">lusiapetr@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0C566857ECFA7307673D47856EA5D284">Novgorodova, Tatiana A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9DA5FBE11D44E357D92392814EDCBEA7">Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1D074E3D7EC6C482EB4FB306F0A2AB5C" type="email">tanovg@yandex.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="25F0F38E061BD6E981AAD4D0B0B840BF">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03CD521DFFED8178FF1B4B45FEAF83B3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD521DFFED8178FF1B4B45FEAF83B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD521DFFED8178FF1B4B45FEAF83B3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
<subSubSection id="C37EB080FFED817AFF1B4B45FEFB8581" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFED817AFF1B4B45FEFB8581" blockId="5.[151,1436,1357,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
<heading id="D0935467FFED817AFF1B4B45FEFB8581" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFF1B4B45FEFB8581" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
Testing of the allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) method for identification of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFED817AFBD04B45FAEB8565" ID-CoL="8DYX9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1116,1339,1357,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFBD04B45FAEB8565" bold="true" box="[1116,1339,1357,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Simulium reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFED817AFA094B46FEFB8581" authority="Carlsson" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFA094B46FEFB8581" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37EB080FFED8178FF1B4BB2FEAF83B3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFED817AFF1B4BB2FEA38685" blockId="5.[151,1437,1466,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
From examined
<specimenCount id="9D622882FFED817AFEC34BB2FE2985D9" box="[335,505,1466,1492]" count="122" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="generic">122 specimens</specimenCount>
, the vast majority (121) had a PCR product predicted for
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFED817AFBF34BB2FB3E85D9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1151,1262,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFBF34BB2FB3E85D9" box="[1151,1262,1466,1492]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<specimenCount id="9D622882FFED817AFB714BB2FA4D85D9" box="[1277,1437,1466,1492]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
had an additional band expected for
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFED817AFDA54BD6FD1F85F5" box="[553,719,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFDA54BD6FD1F85F5" box="[553,719,1502,1528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequent sequencing of the COI region revealed a nucleotide substitution near the 3’ end of the corresponding primer annealing site (
<figureCitation id="135FFF8EFFED817AFC62480AFB858610" box="[1006,1109,1538,1565]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1238,1262]" captionTargetBox="[291,1294,241,1213]" captionTargetId="figure-52@6.[288,1299,237,1215]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Primer annealing sites and multiplex AS-PCR results for samples of Simulium reptans s.l. from the Si16 sample (Novosibirsk). A–Annealing site of a primer specific for S. reptantoides; consensus sequences of molecular forms are given, as well as the sequence of a unique individual that we studied. B–Annealing site of a primer specific for S. reptans. C–results of electrophoresis of AS-PCR products from the Si16 sample, lane No. 4 corresponds to the unique sample Si16-4, which gives two PCR products, for the remaining specimens only the PCR product with the size predicted for S. reptans is visible (579 bp). Lane on the right (No. 11)–molecular weight marker 100bp+1.5+3. For A and B, vertical lines indicate complementary pairs, and the arrow indicates the order of nucleotides in the primer." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Figure 5</figureCitation>
). Despite the absence of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFED817AFA0B480AFEF2864D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFA0B480AFEF2864D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among the studied specimens, the spectrum of PCR products of the individual with an additional substitution characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFED817AFE664842FD468669" box="[490,662,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFE664842FD468669" box="[490,662,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
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indicates the possibility of differentiating these species using the proposed approach.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFED817AFF1B48C7FD9986E4" blockId="5.[151,585,1743,1769]" box="[151,585,1743,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
<heading id="D0935467FFED817AFF1B48C7FD9986E4" bold="true" box="[151,585,1743,1769]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFED817AFF1B48C7FD9986E4" bold="true" box="[151,585,1743,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Sequencing of nuclear rRNA genes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFED817AFF1B491FFC268790" blockId="5.[151,1437,1815,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
Sequencing of a fragment of the COI gene and two regions of rRNA genes–ITS2 and the D
<geoCoordinate id="EE5085CCFFED817AFB25491FFB3A873C" box="[1193,1258,1815,1841]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" precision="925" value="-2.4666667">2 28S</geoCoordinate>
variable region –was performed for several individuals of each sample. Minimal polymorphism was detected for both rDNA sequences. In a number of specimens, polymorphism in ITS2 is expressed in the presence of several variants that differ in insertion/deletion, which makes it difficult to obtain complete reads.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFED8179FF4B49A0FE4980D8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1815,2022]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
In addition to insertions/deletions, polymorphism was noted for the A/T substitution near the 3’ end of the sequence, as well as the overlap of these nucleotides (
<figureCitation id="135FFF8EFFED817AFCAE49C3FC5987E8" box="[802,905,1995,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[293,1293,1541,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-194@6.[290,1297,1539,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Typical results of ITS2 sequencing of Simulium reptans s.l. A–with nucleotide A in the position in question, B –with A/T (W) superposition, C–with nucleotide T." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386285/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). All three sequence variants occur in Asian populations; the variant with A/T overlap was noted in all 4 studied ITS2 sequences from the samples collected in the
<collectingRegion id="49A02DE9FFEE8179FF4C4EB3FE4680D8" box="[192,406,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Murmansk" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">Murmansk Region</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEE8179FF144ADEFCD885CB" blockId="6.[151,1437,1238,1478]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FF144ADEFEC984E3" bold="true" box="[152,281,1238,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Primer annealing sites and multiplex AS-PCR results for samples of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEE8179FC6E4ADEFB4484E3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[994,1172,1238,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FC6E4ADEFB4484E3" box="[994,1172,1238,1262]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">Simulium reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2238262FFEE8179FB174ADEFB6884E3" box="[1179,1208,1238,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from the Si16 sample (Novosibirsk).
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FEBC4AF2FE92851F" bold="true" box="[304,322,1274,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">A</emphasis>
–Annealing site of a primer specific for
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEE8179FD5B4AF3FCBF851F" box="[727,879,1274,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptantoides">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FD5B4AF3FCBF851F" box="[727,879,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">S. reptantoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; consensus sequences of molecular forms are given, as well as the sequence of a unique individual that we studied.
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FC8C4B16FCC1853B" bold="true" box="[768,785,1310,1334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">B</emphasis>
–Annealing site of a primer specific for
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEE8179FB204B17FAC1853B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1196,1297,1311,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FB204B17FAC1853B" box="[1196,1297,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FA934B16FAE1853B" bold="true" box="[1311,1329,1310,1334]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">C</emphasis>
–results of electrophoresis of AS-PCR products from the Si16 sample, lane No. 4 corresponds to the unique sample Si16-4, which gives two PCR products, for the remaining specimens only the PCR product with the size predicted for
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEE8179FBF84B6FFB088573" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1140,1240,1383,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FBF84B6FFB088573" box="[1140,1240,1383,1406]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is visible (579 bp). Lane on the right (No. 11)–molecular weight marker 100bp+1.5+3. For
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FCF64B82FC5C85AF" bold="true" box="[890,908,1418,1442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">A</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FC334B82FC0085AF" bold="true" box="[959,976,1418,1442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">B</emphasis>
, vertical lines indicate complementary pairs, and the arrow indicates the order of nucleotides in the primer.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1BB383FFEE8179FF144954FD4F8795" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386285" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14386285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386285/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" startId="6.[152,255,1884,1908]" targetBox="[293,1293,1541,1856]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEE8179FF144954FD4F8795" blockId="6.[151,1436,1884,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FF144954FECA8779" bold="true" box="[152,282,1884,1908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Typical results of ITS2 sequencing of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEE8179FD3C4954FCB38779" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[688,867,1884,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FD3C4954FCB38779" box="[688,867,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">Simulium reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2238262FFEE8179FCE74954FC588779" box="[875,904,1884,1908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FC1D4954FC738779" bold="true" box="[913,931,1884,1908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">A</emphasis>
–with nucleotide A in the position in question,
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FA074954FA4C8779" bold="true" box="[1419,1436,1884,1908]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">B</emphasis>
–with A/T (W) superposition,
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEE8179FE454988FE0B8795" bold="true" box="[457,475,1920,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">C</emphasis>
–with nucleotide T.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8178FF4B4E9FFE25814C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
Most of the studied specimens were identical for the D
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region; two sequences originating from Ust`-Kut (
<collectingRegion id="49A02DE9FFEF8178FF134EB3FE9B80D8" box="[159,331,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Irkutsk" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Irkutsk Region</collectingRegion>
) and the
<collectingRegion id="49A02DE9FFEF8178FE3F4EB3FD4580D8" box="[435,661,187,213]" country="Russia" name="Novosibirsk" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Novosibirsk Region</collectingRegion>
had a superposition of two nucleotides at the same position.
<collectorName id="269186DDFFEF8178FACB4EB3FA5F80D8" box="[1351,1423,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">The D</collectorName>
<geoCoordinate id="EE5085CCFFEF8178FA034EB3FF1280F4" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" precision="925" value="-2.4666667">2 28S</geoCoordinate>
region sequences also differ in three positions from the sequence EF417075, presented in the DNA database and referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FECC4F0BFE7F8111" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[320,431,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FECC4F0BFE7F8111" box="[320,431,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This result may be associated either with the peculiarities of species identification or with the presence of cryptic species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8178FF1B4F80FD4D81AF" blockId="7.[151,669,392,418]" box="[151,669,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
<heading id="D0935467FFEF8178FF1B4F80FD4D81AF" bold="true" box="[151,669,392,418]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FF1B4F80FD4D81AF" bold="true" box="[151,669,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Phylogenetic analysis by COI gene region</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8178FF1B4FD8FBBC82CF" blockId="7.[151,1437,464,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
Despite the contradiction of data on restriction analysis and the results of species diagnostic PCR, all the studied sequences belonged to
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FE2E4FFCFDC38203" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[418,531,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FE2E4FFCFDC38203" box="[418,531,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135FFF8EFFEF8178FDA84FFCFD598203" box="[548,649,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,346,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-109@8.[151,1435,345,1761]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree constructed from the DNA fragment of the COI gene of S. reptans. A branch of S. reptantoides was used for rooting. The geographical origin of the individuals is indicated. Sequences taken from the NCBI database are designated by corresponding numbers. Bayesian posterior probabilities (above the branches) and bootstrap values (below the branches) are given." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386289/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Figure 7</figureCitation>
). Several groups of COI sequences uniting samples by geographical origin can be distinguished. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FDE04C10FD09823F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[620,729,536,562]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FDE04C10FD09823F" box="[620,729,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A include a basal group of British specimens, as well as a group including specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FE314C34FDC6825B" box="[445,534,572,598]" name="Sweden" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Sweden</collectingCountry>
and from the
<collectingRegion id="49A02DE9FFEF8178FD214C34FCAD825B" box="[685,893,572,598]" country="Russia" name="Murmansk" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Murmansk Region</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FC134C34FC3D825B" box="[927,1005,572,598]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Russia</collectingCountry>
. Form B of
<taxonomicName id="4C649888FFEF8178FBE24C34FB0C825B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1134,1244,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="336" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reptans">
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FBE24C34FB0C825B" box="[1134,1244,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">S. reptans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes the East European branch (
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FEEB4C68FE1D8277" box="[359,461,608,634]" name="Slovakia" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FE554C68FDEE8277" box="[473,574,608,634]" name="Slovenia" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FDC74C68FD458277" box="[587,661,608,634]" name="Latvia" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Latvia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FD2D4C68FCC28277" box="[673,786,608,634]" name="Lithuania" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
); the Eurasian branch, with a very wide distribution from Northern Europe to Eastern Siberia (
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FDB54C8CFD038293" box="[569,723,644,670]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FD534C8CFCEA8293" box="[735,826,644,670]" name="Sweden" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FCCB4C8DFC728292" box="[839,930,645,671]" name="Norway" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Norway</collectingCountry>
, part of the Siberian samples) and the Asian branch (Novosibirsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Region, Northern
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FC544CA0FBB082CF" box="[984,1120,680,706]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8178FF4B4CC4FCCB8307" blockId="7.[151,1437,464,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
The Eurasian branch corresponds to the
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FD004CC4FD1F82EB" box="[652,719,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">BstF5</emphasis>
I restriction spectrum of 100+250+350 bp. and
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FB604CC4FAC382EB" box="[1260,1299,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Alu</emphasis>
I restriction spectrum–with one detectable fragment of 230 bp in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8178FF4B4D1CFD93835F" blockId="7.[151,1437,464,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
The Asian branch corresponds to the
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FDE84D1CFD778323" box="[612,679,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">BstF5</emphasis>
I restriction spectrum of 600+100 bp. and
<emphasis id="B9103F19FFEF8178FB0D4D1CFB788323" box="[1153,1192,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Alu</emphasis>
I restriction spectrum with fragments of 180+230 bp in size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDBE30BFFEF8178FF4B4D54FEAF83B3" blockId="7.[151,1437,464,958]" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">
Thus, the Asian branch predominates in the Ob-Irtysh basin (Novosibirsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Krai and Northern
<collectingCountry id="F373A39BFFEF8178FF1B4D88FECE8397" box="[151,286,896,922]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
), while in the Irkutsk Region the proportions of the Asian and Eurasian branches were comparable (Table S3,
<figureCitation id="135FFF8EFFEF8178FE9D4DACFEA183B3" box="[273,369,932,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[333,1246,1291,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-155@4.[313,1274,1246,1819]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Proportions of two restriction spectra of Simulium reptans s.l. among the studied material collected in different localities in the territory of Ob-Irtysh basin. Si16, Si19, Si28–sample numbers; ns–non-significant differences (Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed, with Bonferroni correction, p&gt; 0.017)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14386277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14386277/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="336">Figure 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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