195 lines
32 KiB
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195 lines
32 KiB
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<document id="9C9EDB8F1FE2A250C11E5634F73417B5" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF8BFFF1FF57F8A8FECAFD53" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Toxopneustes pileolus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D7CEE0DD28F51C80FEE3FECBED3D3B33">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22E5013AB66D7C31200EE440CC68E3D2">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="269D39D18F1D952E938D095F55B98C04">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5AB8A3D5D25C0DB925C428CD6BF37F03">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="36D42E447D73BFC612A75463B0C299B6">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="309C28900895650DC9E530EC72E91F76">4296</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF8BFFF1FF57F8A8FECAFD53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022841" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8BFFF1FF57F8A8FECAFD53" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF8BFFF1FF57F8A8FECAFD53" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF57F8A8FEE3F889" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57F8A8FD44F8AA" blockId="44.[151,653,1855,1915]" box="[151,653,1855,1881]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF8BFFF0FF57F8A8FD44F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,653,1855,1881]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57F8A8FD44F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,653,1855,1881]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57F8A8FF6FF8AA" bold="true" box="[151,166,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">*</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FF6DF8A8FD44F8AA" ID-CoL="57M6W" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[173,653,1855,1881]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Toxopneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pileolus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF6DF8A8FE7CF8AA" bold="true" box="[173,437,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Toxopneustes pileolus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FE05F8A8FD4CF8AA" author="Lamarck" box="[453,645,1855,1881]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la d´etermination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57F8F5FEE3F889" blockId="44.[151,653,1855,1915]" box="[151,298,1890,1915]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FF57F8F5FF2FF888" box="[151,230,1890,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1381,1403]" captionTargetBox="[366,1247,727,1339]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[340,1247,727,1339]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 50. Toxopnuestes pileolus A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28208)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843427/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF1FF57F83CFD76FF18" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF1FF57F83CFD76FF18" blockId="44.[151,1436,1962,2014]" lastBlockId="45.[199,1436,152,235]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8BFFF1FF57F83CFD76FF18" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FF57F83CFDA5F833" ID-CoL="57M6W" authority=": Mortensen, 1904: 120" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="120" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,620,1962,1984]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Toxopneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pileolus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57F83CFEBEF833" box="[151,375,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Toxopneustes pileolus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FE47F83CFDA5F833" author="Mortensen" box="[391,620,1962,1984]" page="120" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FE47F83CFDF1F833" author="Mortensen" box="[391,568,1962,1984]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Mortensen, T. (1904) The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 - 1900. III. Echinoidea (1). Kongelige Danske Videnskabelige Selskabs, Skrifter, 7, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1904">Mortensen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 120
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–121;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8BFFF0FD6DF83CFC54F833" author="Mortensen" box="[685,925,1962,1984]" page="472" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" year="1943">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FD6DF83CFCA3F833" author="Mortensen" box="[685,874,1962,1984]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen, 1943a</bibRefCitation>
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: 472
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</treatmentCitation>
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–480. Pl. XXVI.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FB90F83DFB46F833" box="[1104,1167,1962,1984]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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, Pl. XXVII.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FAD7F83DFABAF833" box="[1303,1395,1962,1984]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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, Pl. XXVIII.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FEE3F85FFEB5F82D" box="[291,380,1992,2014]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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, Pl. XXIX.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FE34F85FFD84F82D" box="[500,589,1992,2014]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-4="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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, Pl. XXX.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FD7CF85FFCDBF82D" box="[700,786,1992,2014]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 1–4</figureCitation>
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, Pl. XXXI.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FC49F85FFC0CF82D" box="[905,965,1992,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionTargetBox="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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, Pl. XXXIII.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FB8DF85FFB6EF82D" box="[1101,1191,1992,2014]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox-0="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-1="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
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, Pl. LIV.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FAC5F85FFA8DF82D" box="[1285,1348,1992,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF0FA90F85FFAB1F82D" box="[1360,1400,1992,2014]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-3="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-2="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-3="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-3="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">3–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8BFFF1FA42F85FFF2BFF5D" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-1="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-2="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">8– 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FF30FF0FFEC2FF5D" box="[240,267,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1183,1205]" captionTargetBox="[346,1245,592,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1247,591,1161]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843353/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FEDAFF0FFEFCFF5D" box="[282,309,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,603,625]" captionTargetBox="[369,1246,196,580]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1247,195,581]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843355/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FE83FF0FFE97FF5D" box="[323,350,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FEADFF0FFE41FF5D" box="[365,392,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionTargetBox="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">16</figureCitation>
|
||
, Pl. LV. 13;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FDD2FF0EFCC9FF5D" author="Clark" box="[530,768,152,174]" page="386" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FDD2FF0EFD00FF5D" author="Clark" box="[530,713,152,174]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 386
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FCCEFF0EFBCFFF5D" author="Clark" box="[782,1030,152,174]" page="123" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FCCEFF0EFC19FF5D" author="Clark" box="[782,976,152,174]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 123
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FBD4FF0FFA5EFF5D" author="Clark" box="[1044,1431,152,174]" page="234" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FBD4FF0FFAA8FF5D" author="Clark" box="[1044,1377,152,174]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FF07FF21FE6FFF3F" author="Richmond" box="[199,422,182,204]" page="298" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FF07FF21FEBAFF3F" author="Richmond" box="[199,371,182,204]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 298
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Samyn, 2003: 210,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8AFFF1FDB7FF21FD7EFF3F" box="[631,695,182,204]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F, F’;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FD33FF21FC25FF3F" author="Branch" box="[755,1004,182,205]" page="234" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FD33FF21FC73FF3F" author="Branch" box="[755,954,182,205]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FC83FF2FFCB9FF3F" box="[835,880,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 105.7;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FBABFF21FAE5FF3F" author="Schultz" box="[1131,1324,182,204]" page="270" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FBABFF21FB32FF3F" author="Schultz" box="[1131,1275,182,204]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 270
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Figs 518– 522;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8AFFF1FF3AFF42FDE7FF18" author="Filander" box="[250,558,213,235]" page="53" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FF3AFF42FDC0FF18" author="Filander" box="[250,521,213,235]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 53
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Pl. II, Fig. D.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8AFFF1FF57FE80FDBEFE37" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF57FE80FD8BFEC3" blockId="45.[151,1437,279,672]" box="[151,578,279,304]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF57FE80FE49FEC3" bold="true" box="[151,384,279,304]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
SAMC-A28208.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF07FEA8FDBEFE37" blockId="45.[151,1437,279,672]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF07FEA8FEB9FEAB" bold="true" box="[199,368,319,344]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Test hemispherical, sunken towards peristome. Globiferous pedicellaria valves blossom, giving flower-like appearance. Distinguishable from other species in denuded test showing brownish, greenish or purplish radial stripes; specimen examined with purplish-banded spines, in other cases may be banded in greenish, whitish or reddish shades; periproctal plates white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8AFFF1FF07FE44FB09FDC7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF07FE44FC86FE18" blockId="45.[151,1437,279,672]" box="[199,847,467,492]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF07FE44FE1BFE1F" bold="true" box="[199,466,467,492]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8AFFF1FD2BFE44FC82FE18" box="[747,843,467,492]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF07FE60FB09FDC7" blockId="45.[151,1437,279,672]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF07FE60FE7FFDE3" bold="true" box="[199,438,503,528]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
East coast of South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FD3EFE60FBE5FDE3" author="Filander" box="[766,1068,503,528]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); East Africa to Fiji Islands and New Caledonia, and from central Japan to Australia; from littoral zone to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8AFFF1FC13FD8BFBC5FDC0" box="[979,1036,540,564]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FBDAFD8CFB7DFDC7" author="Schultz" box="[1050,1204,539,564]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8AFFF1FF07FDA8FECAFD53" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8AFFF1FF07FDA8FECAFD53" blockId="45.[151,1437,279,672]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FF07FDA8FEF2FDAB" bold="true" box="[199,315,575,600]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Test densely covered by flower-like pedicellariae, equipped with poisonous glands. A tropical reef species, commonly known as the flower urchin, which uses seaweed or shells to shelter itself from sun (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8AFFF1FAEEFDF4FF31FD53" author="Branch" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8AFFF1FA48FDF3FF64FD53" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |