Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa Author Filander, Zoleka Author Griffiths, Charles text Zootaxa 2017 4296 1 1 72 journal article 32399 10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1 ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5 1175-5326 843325 EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC * Toxopneustes pileolus ( Lamarck, 1816 ) Fig. 50 A–C. Toxopneustes pileolus : Mortensen, 1904 : 120 –121; Mortensen, 1943a : 472 –480. Pl. XXVI. Fig. 3 , Pl. XXVII. Figs 1–4 , Pl. XXVIII. Figs 1–2 , Pl. XXIX. Figs 1–5 , Pl. XXX. Fig. 1–4 , Pl. XXXI. Fig. 9 , Pl. XXXIII. Figs 5–6 , Pl. LIV. Figs 1 , 3–6 , 8– 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , Pl. LV. 13; H.L. Clark, 1923 : 386 ; H.L. Clark, 1925a : 123 ; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976 : 234 ; Richmond, 1997 : 298 ; Samyn, 2003: 210, Figs 4 F, F’; Branch et al ., 2010 : 234 , Fig. 105.7; Schultz, 2010 : 270 , Figs 518– 522; Filander & Griffiths, 2014 : 53 . Pl. II, Fig. D. Material examined. SAMC-A28208. Identification. Test hemispherical, sunken towards peristome. Globiferous pedicellaria valves blossom, giving flower-like appearance. Distinguishable from other species in denuded test showing brownish, greenish or purplish radial stripes; specimen examined with purplish-banded spines, in other cases may be banded in greenish, whitish or reddish shades; periproctal plates white. Global maximum size. Maximum test diameter 135 mm . Global distribution. East coast of South Africa ( Filander & Griffiths 2014 ); East Africa to Fiji Islands and New Caledonia, and from central Japan to Australia; from littoral zone to 90 m ( Schultz 2010 ). Remarks. Test densely covered by flower-like pedicellariae, equipped with poisonous glands. A tropical reef species, commonly known as the flower urchin, which uses seaweed or shells to shelter itself from sun ( Branch et al . 2010 ).