428 lines
35 KiB
XML
428 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="386236cb-ef2c-4629-8ac9-3503ec00ce0b" ID-PMC="PMC5523161" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-682-105" ID-PubMed="28769725" ID-ZBK="10E37DD8AD724E5BB1C92A0F59CB2779" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-682-105" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 682" ModsDocTitle="Systematics and biology of Cotesiatyphae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamianonagrioides" checkinTime="1502744563807" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Laure, Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Capdevielle-Dulac, Claire, Chantre, Celina, Bodet, Matthieu, Kaoula, Ferial, Benoist, Romain, Calatayud, Paul-Andre, Dupas, Stephane, Herniou, Elisabeth A., Jeannette, Remi, Obonyo, Julius, Silvain, Jean-Francois & Ru, Bruno Le" docDate="2017" docId="B6CD742B57F77A12CF50D959C3FE078F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 682: 105-136" docOrigin="ZooKeys 682" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016" docTitle="Cotesia typhae Fernandez-Triana, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="EC4B19D5-9087-4698-A67D-E53EAE5E532E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="B1524510EC149874FFCFC725D9473363" masterDocTitle="Systematics and biology of Cotesiatyphae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamianonagrioides" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="106" updateTime="1668164566089" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics and biology of Cotesiatyphae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamianonagrioides</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Laure</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Capdevielle-Dulac, Claire</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chantre, Celina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bodet, Matthieu</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaoula, Ferial</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Benoist, Romain</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Calatayud, Paul-Andre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dupas, Stephane</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Herniou, Elisabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jeannette, Remi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Obonyo, Julius</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Silvain, Jean-Francois</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ru, Bruno Le</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>682</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>105</mods:start>
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<mods:end>136</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.13016</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-682-105</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">10E37DD8AD724E5BB1C92A0F59CB2779</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">10E37DD8AD724E5BB1C92A0F59CB2779</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132648994" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC4B19D5-9087-4698-A67D-E53EAE5E532E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6CD742B57F77A12CF50D959C3FE078F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/EC4B19D5-9087-4698-A67D-E53EAE5E532E" authority="Fernandez-Triana" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">Cotesia typhae Fernandez-Triana</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="106">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Female (CBGP).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="107" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Kenya, Makindu,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-2.28">2.28°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="37.82">37.82°E</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="holotype label details">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Holotype label details.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Kenya, Makindu, xi.2010, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Sesamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sesamia nonagrioides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nonagrioides">Sesamia nonagrioides</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Typhaceae" genus="Typha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Typha domingensis" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="domingensis">Typha domingensis</taxonomicName>
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Pers. Voucher code: CNC634434. Other code on label: F78.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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CBGP, Montferrier s/Lez, France; CNC, Canada; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya; Natural History Museum London, UK; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA. 24 female, 5 male specimens, same locality as holotype; 25 female, 5 male specimens from Kenya, Kobodo,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-0.41">0.41°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="34.25">34.25°E</geoCoordinate>
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. iii.2013, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Sesamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sesamia nonagrioides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nonagrioides">Sesamia nonagrioides</taxonomicName>
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on
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Cyperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyperus dives" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dives">Cyperus dives</taxonomicName>
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Delile.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="previous records">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Previous records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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This species has been referred to as the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sesamiae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="sesamiae">C. sesamiae</taxonomicName>
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population, harbouring Cs Snona haplotype on CrV1 locus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Branca, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" pagination="959 - 971" title="Intraspecific specialization of the generalist parasitoid Cotesiasesamiae revealed by polyDNAvirus polymorphism and associated with different Wolbachia infections." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04977.x" volume="20" year="2011">Branca et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), as the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sesamiae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="sesamiae">C. sesamiae</taxonomicName>
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lineage 2 analysed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kaiser, L" journalOrPublisher="Evol Applic" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" pagination="807 - 820" title="Ongoing ecological speciation in Cotesiasesamiae, a biological control agent of cereal stem borers." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12260" volume="8" year="2015">Kaiser et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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and as the sample CsBV G4675 sequenced for 3 viral genes in
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<bibRefCitation author="Jancek, S" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064432" year="2013">Jancek et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">Cotesia typhae</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, female specimen from Makindu, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view (arrow shows face projection between antennal base) C Wings D Head and mesosoma (partially), lateral view E Propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view F Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view G Head, mesosoma and tergites 1-2, dorsal view (arrow shows anteromesoscutum punctures).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">Cotesia typhae</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, female specimen from Kobodo, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view (arrow shows face projection between antennal base) C Wings D Metasoma, dorsal view E Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (arrow shows anteromesoscutum punctures) F Metasoma, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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The new
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cotesia</taxonomicName>
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is relatively distinct from other members of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flavipes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="flavipes">flavipes</taxonomicName>
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complex (Table 2). The most distinctive diagnostic characters are the median projection present between the base of the antennae, the punctures on the anteromesoscutum, the length and shape of the paramere, and the relative length of the antennal flagellomere. The median projection between the base of the antennae is depressed (compared to the rest of the face), usually paler than the rest of the face, and has a strongly excavated median longitudinal sulcus (Figs 1B, 2B); all other species within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flavipes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="flavipes">flavipes</taxonomicName>
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complex have a less depressed median projection on the face, usually the same color (or at most slightly lighter) as the rest of the face, and the median sulcus is not defined (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="nonagriae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="nonagriae">nonagriae</taxonomicName>
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) or is less strongly excavated (Figs 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B). The anteromesoscutum punctures (Figs 1G, 2E) are the largest, densest, and most widely distributed (present near the posterior margin of the anteromesoscutum) among all species within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flavipes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="flavipes">flavipes</taxonomicName>
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complex (compare against Figs 5G, 6F, 7G, 8H). The paramere length (Figs 3A, B, 4C, F, G) is intermediate compared to the other species (longer than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="chilonis" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="chilonis">chilonis</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="sesamiae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="sesamiae">sesamiae</taxonomicName>
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and shorter than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flavipes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="flavipes">flavipes</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="nonagriae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="nonagriae">nonagriae</taxonomicName>
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; compare Figs 3D, F, H, 4D, E), and its shape seems to be distinctive, with a somewhat widened part near the apex (Fig. 4F, G). The antennal flagellomeres (Figs 1A, D, 2A, B) are the longest among the entire
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<taxonomicName lsidName="flavipes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="flavipes">flavipes</taxonomicName>
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complex (compare versus Figs 5A, B, D, 6A, B, 7A, B, 8A, D). The color of metasoma laterally and ventrally (laterotergites, sternites and hypopygium) is light yellow-orange (Figs 1A, F, 2A, F). This character is useful in recognizing
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<taxonomicName lsidName="typhae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="typhae">typhae</taxonomicName>
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, at least in Africa, as all other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cotesia</taxonomicName>
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species within this complex generally have a much darker metasoma latero-ventrally (e.g. Figs 5A, F, 6A, E, 7A, F, 8G); however, some populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavipes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="flavipes">C. flavipes</taxonomicName>
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we have examined have a light-colored metasoma, so this character is not absolutely diagnostic.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Figure 3. Male metasoma in ventral and lateral view. A, B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">Cotesia typhae</taxonomicName>
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, paratype specimen from Kenya C, D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia sesamiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sesamiae">Cotesia sesamiae</taxonomicName>
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, specimen from Kenya E, F
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Cotesia flavipes</taxonomicName>
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, specimen from Kenya G, H
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia chilonis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilonis">Cotesia chilonis</taxonomicName>
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, specimen from Japan.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Figure 4. External male genitalia in ventral and lateral view; arrows show length of paramere and sternite 8. A, D
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Cotesia flavipes</taxonomicName>
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specimen from Kenya B, E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia sesamiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sesamiae">Cotesia sesamiae</taxonomicName>
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, specimen from Kenya C, F, G
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">Cotesia typhae</taxonomicName>
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, paratype specimen from Kenya.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
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Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia sesamiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sesamiae">Cotesia sesamiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female specimen from Kitale, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Head and mesosoma, lateral view E Scutellar disc, propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view F Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view G Head, mesosoma and tergites 1-4, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia sesamiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sesamiae">Cotesia sesamiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female specimen from Mombasa, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Mesosoma and metasoma (partially), dorsal view E Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view F Anteromesoscutum, scutellar disc and propodeum, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Cotesia flavipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female specimen from Mombasa, Kenya. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Head and mesosoma, lateral view E Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view F Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view G Head, mesosoma and tergites 1-2, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia chilonis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilonis">Cotesia chilonis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female specimen from Takatsuki, Japan. A Habitus, lateral view B Head, frontal view C Wings D Antennae, front and middle legs, lateral view E Head, lateral view F Propodeum, tergites 1-2, dorsal view G Mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view H Mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Table 2. Diagnostic characters within the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Cotesia flavipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex. Data on host caterpillar species from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Branca, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="9" pageNumber="114" pagination="959 - 971" title="Intraspecific specialization of the generalist parasitoid Cotesiasesamiae revealed by polyDNAvirus polymorphism and associated with different Wolbachia infections." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04977.x" volume="20" year="2011">Branca et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Muirhead, KA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="11" pageNumber="116" pagination="904 - 914" title="Phylogenetics and genetic diversity of the Cotesiaflavipes complex of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), biological control agents of lepidopteran stemborers." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.003" volume="63" year="2012">Muirhead et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sallam, MNS" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="12" pageNumber="117" pagination="263 - 283" title="A review of sugarcane stemborers and their natural enemies in Asia and Indian Ocean Islands: an Australian perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2006.10697459" volume="42" year="2006">Sallam (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kaiser, L" journalOrPublisher="Evol Applic" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" pagination="807 - 820" title="Ongoing ecological speciation in Cotesiasesamiae, a biological control agent of cereal stem borers." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12260" volume="8" year="2015">Kaiser et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<table pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia chilonis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilonis">Cotesia chilonis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia flavipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">Cotesia flavipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia nonagriae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nonagriae">Cotesia nonagriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia sesamiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sesamiae">Cotesia sesamiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">Cotesia typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">Scutoscutellar sulcus</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">8H</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">7E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">5F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">1G2E</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">Antero-mesoscutum (AMS) punctures</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">AMS8H</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">AMS7E, G</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">AMS</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">AMS5G6F</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">AMS2G, E</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">Face projection between antennal base</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">8B</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">7B</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">5B6B</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">1B, B</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">Paramere length (observed externally, without removing genitalia from specimen)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">3G, H</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4A, D</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4b, E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4C</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">Paramere shape</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4D</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4E</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4F, G</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">Antennal flagellomeres</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">Natural known hosts</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Chilo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chilo" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chilo</taxonomicName>
|
||
supressalis, C.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia partellus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="partellus">partellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Bathytricha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bathytricha truncata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">Bathytricha truncata</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Crambidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Sesamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sesamia nonagrioides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nonagrioides">Sesamia nonagrioides</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Noctuidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Head and mesosoma mostly dark brown to black (except for scape, pedicel, wing base and tegula yellow; antennal flagellomeres brown; mandibles and labrums orange-yellow, and face projection between antennal base usually light brown); legs mostly yellow (except for metafemur with brown dorsal tip on posterior 0.1, and metatarsus light brown to brown); metasoma mostly yellow-brown to yellow-orange (except for mediotergites 1 and 2 dark brown to black, and mediotergites 3+ usually with brown spot centrally, near anterior margin). Wings with veins mostly brown, pterostigma brown with pale spot on anterior 0.3.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Head wider than high; face with acute, triangular projection between antennal base, the projection with clearly impressed median longitudinal sulcus; head dorsally smooth; gena laterally and dorsally as wide or wider than eye width; anteromesoscutum with relatively deep, coarse and large punctures (puncture diameter larger than distance between punctures), puncture density similar on most of the anteromesoscutum, including posterior half; scutoscutellar sulcus strongly curved, with 10-12 impressions; scutellar disc mostly smooth, with shallow and sparse punctures; propodeum mostly sculptured with an irregular pattern of strong carinae; mediotergites 1-2 mostly covered by strong longitudinal striae, mediotergites 3+ mostly smooth; hypopygium relatively small, apical tip in lateral view shorter than apical tip of tergites; paramere with broad, widened area near apex; paramere relatively large, around 1.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as median length of sternite 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Body ratios. Length of flagellomere 2/length of flagellomere 14: 1.71
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.50-1.86). Metafemur length/width: 3.06
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2.92-3.25). Length of inner spur of metatibia/length of first segment of metatarsus: 0.48
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.46-0.52). Length of inner spur of metatibia/length of outer spur of metatibia: 1.07
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1.07-1.18). Pterostigma length/width: 2.81
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2.61-2.88). Length of fore wing vein r/length of fore wing vein 2RS: 0.82
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.82-1.00). Mediotergite 1 length/mediotergite width at posterior margin: 1.07
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.93-1.20). Length of mediotergite 2/length of mediotergite 3: 0.89
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.83-1.00).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Body measurements (all in mm). Body length: 2.40 (2.20-2.50). Fore wing length: 2.10 (2.10-2.20). Length of antennal flagellomere (F), F1: 0.15 (0.14-0.17), F2: 0.12 (0.12-0.13), F3: 0.11 (0.10-0.11), F14: 0.07 (0.06-0.08), F15: 0.07 (0.06-0.08), F16: 0.10 (0.09-0.11). Metafemur length: 0.55 (0.51-0.56). Metafemur width: 0.18 (0.16-0.19). Metatibia length: 0.71 (0.66-0.74). First segment of metatarsus length: 0.31 (0.28-0.31). Length of inner spur of metatibia: 0.15 (0.13-0.16). Length of outer spur of metatibia: 0.14 (0.11-0.14). Ovipositor sheaths length: 0.18 (0.15-0.18). Pterostigma length: 0.45 (0.145-0.49). Pterostigma width: 0.16 (0.16-0.18). Length of fore wing vein r: 0.09 (0.09-0.11). Length of fore wing 2RS: 0.11 (0.10-0.12). Length of mediotergite 1: 0.30 (0.27-0.31). Width at posterior margin of mediotergite 1: 0.28 (0.25-0.32). Length of mediotergite 2: 0.16 (0.14-0.20). Length of mediotergite 3: 0.18 (0.15-0.20).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Named after the main host plant on which the wasp parasitizes its host caterpillar,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kaiser, L" journalOrPublisher="Evol Applic" pageId="10" pageNumber="115" pagination="807 - 820" title="Ongoing ecological speciation in Cotesiasesamiae, a biological control agent of cereal stem borers." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12260" volume="8" year="2015">Kaiser et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="107" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">Cotesia typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. sesamiae" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="sesamiae">C. sesamiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. flavipes" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="flavipes">C. flavipes</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the latter introduced into Africa). Among these three species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Cotesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cotesia typhae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typhae">typhae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the largest (body and fore wing lengths usually 0.2-0.3 mm longer than the two others), it also has a more sculptured anteromesoscutum and a longer antenna (especially flagellomeres 1-4 which are significantly longer).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |