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225 lines
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29 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1130-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" ID-ZooBank="C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1130-103" checkinTime="1668813907773" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Portman, Zachary M., Arduser, Mike, Lane, Ian G. & Cariveau, Daniel P." docDate="2022" docId="70239F90EDEB5503B9E2E93B9396FAD0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1130: 103-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1130" docPubDate="2022-11-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" docTitle="Augochlorella aurata" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" masterDocTitle="A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668813907773" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Portman, Zachary M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8943-8196</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zportman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arduser, Mike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation Research Institute, Cedarburg, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lane, Ian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-2136</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cariveau, Daniel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-0071</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1130</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>103</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1130-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70239F90EDEB5503B9E2E93B9396FAD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/70239F90EDEB5503B9E2E93B9396FAD0" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="70239F90-EDEB-5503-B9E2-E93B9396FAD0" authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">Augochlorella aurata (Smith)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is very similar to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Female
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by having the striations of the propodeum continuing to the posterior margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13C-E</figureCitation>
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), which often, but not always, is bordered by a carina (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13C</figureCitation>
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). In contrast, females of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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always have a distinct smooth portion before the margin of the propodeum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13F-H</figureCitation>
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). In addition, female
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are generally larger, have the head slightly longer and the apex of the clypeus is black only on the apical fourth (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13A</figureCitation>
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). In contrast,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females are generally quite small, have the head slightly broader, and the apex of the clypeus is black on the apical third (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Female
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are also often confused with
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have the paraocular lobes less protuberant (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters to separate Augochlora and Augochlorella A S 1 of Augochlora pura female with a median keel indicated by red arrow B Augochlora pura male rear propodeum showing distinct punctures C Augochlora pura female face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow D Augochlorella aurata female face with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow E Augochlora pura male face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow F Augochlorella aurata male with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771312" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3D, F</figureCitation>
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) than
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also lack a keel on S1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Male
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the hair on the apical two-thirds of the inner edge of the hind basitarsus, which is short in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with the length of the hairs about equal to the width of the basitarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13I</figureCitation>
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), whereas
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the hairs distinctly longer than the width of the basitarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13J</figureCitation>
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). In addition, the striae on the propodeal triangle of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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reach the posterior margin (as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13C-E</figureCitation>
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) whereas male
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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generally have a smooth portion before the margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Male
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are often confused with
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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males, but
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have the margin of S4 concave rather than straight, and they lack distinct punctures on the rear of the propodeum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Characters to separate Agapostemon from Augochlorini: Complete raised carina on the rear face of the propodeum in Agapostemon A female and B male. Incomplete carina in C Augochloropsis female and D Augochlorella male E Agapostemon male hind leg with first two tarsomeres fused (red arrow pointing to point of fusion)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771311" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2D</figureCitation>
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), compared to distinctly punctured in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters to separate Augochlora and Augochlorella A S 1 of Augochlora pura female with a median keel indicated by red arrow B Augochlora pura male rear propodeum showing distinct punctures C Augochlora pura female face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow D Augochlorella aurata female face with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow E Augochlora pura male face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow F Augochlorella aurata male with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771312" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are often confused in collections and some females can intergrade to the degree where they are impossible to differentiate. Males are also frequently confused because the hind basitarsus character is often misinterpreted since both species have the basal third of the basitarsus with distinctly shorter hairs, which can cause confusion in keys that focus on the length of the basal hairs rather than the apical hairs, such as
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00243.x" author="Coelho, BWT" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="282 - 323" refId="B12" refString="Coelho, BWT, 2004. A review of the bee genus Augochlorella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini). Systematic Entomology 29 (3): 282 - 323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00243.x" title="A review of the bee genus Augochlorella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00243.x" volume="29" year="2004">Coelho (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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, or the keys on discoverlife.org that incorrectly state that
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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males have the "hair on rear basitarsus all about the same length".
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Given the high level of variation in
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, it seems likely that it is a species complex. Supporting this hypothesis are the various forms that
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20079" author="Ordway, E" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="509 - 624" refId="B37" refString="Ordway, E, 1966. Systematics of the genus Augochlorella (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) north of Mexico. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 509 - 624, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20079" title="Systematics of the genus Augochlorella (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) north of Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20079" volume="46" year="1966">Ordway (1966)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized, one of which was elevated to species rank by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00243.x" author="Coelho, BWT" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="282 - 323" refId="B12" refString="Coelho, BWT, 2004. A review of the bee genus Augochlorella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini). Systematic Entomology 29 (3): 282 - 323, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00243.x" title="A review of the bee genus Augochlorella (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Augochlorini)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0307-6970.2004.00243.x" volume="29" year="2004">Coelho (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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, as well as the high barcode diversity found in the species (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02645.x" author="Sheffield, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="196 - 207" refId="B50" refString="Sheffield, CS, Hebert, PDN, Kevan, PG, Packer, L, 2009. DNA barcoding a regional bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna and its potential for ecological studies. Molecular Ecology Resources 9: 196 - 207, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02645.x" title="DNA barcoding a regional bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna and its potential for ecological studies." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02645.x" volume="9" year="2009">Sheffield et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |