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<document id="3B2097FBFFADF36FA62057FC7E1AF50E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5391440" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630315127817" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise &amp; Monniot, Claude" docDate="2001" docId="F57D87A3FFAB314DE81DFE2AFE6A1423" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2001.23.2.201-383.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 23 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Stolonica bigyna Monniot &amp; Monniot 2001, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="318" masterDocId="0944FFDBFFDF313BEB47FF93FFBE1602" masterDocTitle="Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="317" updateTime="1699223418854" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="A55E203522C0D463277B97658C28E643" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C28DB5E6319EAC11BBF91837FCBEDBBF">
<mods:title id="AEA4C31628C4014FAAC30F40CD826B8E">Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DB44A0F1E3F17FA14A6B1673EFF917F3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="87690E496CE389768240E0ACF38E4025">
<mods:roleTerm id="97B7C5671A226F9935D17F2ABFBF10A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C6D92C11C2DFAF114FC3B0D1AA276658">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DABDC505243ABCF3EA44E3903F42E278" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A895FE47137595E9C4CB886E481BBE92">
<mods:roleTerm id="36DD34073FD87D6ECFEE1B20F2534B5D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="39EC4404165F1708196BC629831F6661">Monniot, Claude</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7CB0D9A8D06B49F3CBC2DCE8A9339D3C">UPESA 8044, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F- 75005 Paris (France) monniot @ mnhn. fr.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="84ABAF44D60C2E1645FD7D1954BE275C" type="email">monniot@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E5575D2C63AA97268975899EF7DC5949">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4476F393D210B1595CB5D8A3353AB6F5" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0605886EF73789128BDCDF734DBB549D">
<mods:title id="F3C416BBD5404554A0015E891163C82E">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F99F88F2347C52FD409490B1B2E08743">
<mods:date id="3D5E8C7CD486BD0C32B9284FA060302C">2001</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6D68D87A97B474659403F6196FA2E697" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1F81E63D6B6E57F67F2E6CD7FE689EB7">23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="7DCEB622B7356416C2A6560223B4EC1D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="4D8C1FCFCB5F8E83B202F347B17AAB93">2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="903E58F81FDF7A6D64BD794711B4A9AA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="9D43D224328B5E53E5DC48307CFE39C9">201</mods:start>
<mods:end id="971545227BCA2BBCF14386E9A4278BFC">383</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="8CA8D51C3F954707DCEBCDFCA95F71C9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6CA26C85F827E3D1353D5F8270EE2CB7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5391440</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2D671945B6E768C1654001A1A499D379" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="323703E81F4B13A57C5FF179402CD4BC" type="Zenodo-Dep">5391440</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F57D87A3FFAB314DE81DFE2AFE6A1423" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F57D87A3FFAB314DE81DFE2AFE6A1423" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57D87A3FFAB314DE81DFE2AFE6A1423" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFAB314FE81DFE2AFBF117D0" box="[858,1103,440,467]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE81DFE2AFBF117D0" blockId="116.[858,1103,440,497]" box="[858,1103,440,467]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
<heading id="262381D9FFAB314FE81DFE2AFBF117D0" box="[858,1103,440,467]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFAB314FE81DFE2AFBB317D1" ID-CoL="52TH7" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[858,1037,441,467]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bigyna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FE81DFE2AFBB317D1" bold="true" box="[858,1037,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">Stolonica bigyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFFAB314FEF53FE2BFBF117D0" box="[1044,1103,440,466]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFAB314FE83AFE44FB9217F3" box="[893,1068,471,497]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" type="description">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE83AFE44FB9217F3" blockId="116.[858,1103,440,497]" box="[893,1068,471,497]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
(
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFAB314FE8C3FE44FC6917F3" box="[900,983,471,497]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="117.[151,162,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetId="figure-305@117.[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIG. 88. — Stolonica bigyna n. sp.; A, specimen opened along the ventral side; B, C, both sides of the stomach; D, gonads. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391617/files/figure.png" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">Figs 88</figureCitation>
; 127D)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFAB314FE98DFD83FB9D1459" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE98DFD83FB9D1459" blockId="116.[714,1247,528,644]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFAB314FE98DFD83FCDE1424" box="[714,864,528,551]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FFAB314FE98DFD83FD451427" box="[714,763,528,551]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">TYPE</typeStatus>
MATERIAL
</collectionCode>
. —
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FE8CAFD82FC0B142B" bold="true" box="[909,949,529,553]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FFAB314FE8CAFD82FC0F142B" box="[909,945,529,553]" name="Fiji" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">Fiji</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Lau Group, Weilagilala Atoll, lagoon channel,
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFAB314FE838FDB9FC471440" box="[895,1017,554,578]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="46.48" orientation="latitude" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" precision="9" value="-16.774666">16°46.48’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFAB314FEF40FDB9FB2C1440" box="[1031,1170,554,578]" degrees="179" direction="east" minutes="07.46" orientation="longitude" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" precision="9" value="179.12433">179°07.46’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFAB314FEFE7FDB9FB651442" box="[1184,1243,553,578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
,
<date id="096A1075FFAB314FE98DFDD0FC851459" box="[714,827,579,603]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" value="1996-09-30">30.IX.1996</date>
(
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFAB314FE80EFDD0FC231459" box="[841,925,579,603]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">MNHN</collectionCode>
S1
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFAB314FE884FDD0FC4A1459" box="[963,1012,579,603]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14200" name="The Potteries Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" type="Herbarium">STO</collectionCode>
20).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFAB314FE98DFDF8FB221480" box="[714,1180,619,644]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE98DFDF8FB221480" blockId="116.[714,1247,528,644]" box="[714,1180,619,644]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FEF54FDF8FB811480" box="[1043,1087,619,642]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">gune</emphasis>
: woman.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFAB314EE98DFD34FB5E1320" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" type="description">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE98DFD34FCE514BD" blockId="116.[714,1248,679,1666]" box="[714,859,679,705]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE98DFD5BFC411200" blockId="116.[714,1248,679,1666]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">This species makes plates of closely packed zooids that are separated from their base. The colour is a deep red (Fig. 127D). Each siphon has six white spots. The colour, essentially concentrated in the tunic, fades in formalin preservative. The zooid’s body wall is yellowish. The zooids are linked by stolons. There is some weakly attached sand on the tunic. The tunic is thin and contains large clear vesicles. The musculature is thin and regular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE98DFB9BFCCF12E0" blockId="116.[714,1248,679,1666]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">There are 12 large, stout oral tentacles of two orders. The prepharyngeal band has a single thick crest. The dorsal curve is not deep. The protruding dorsal tubercle opens in an antero-posterior slit. The dorsal lamina is high with a double crest. The branchial sac has three folds on each side. The formula is:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314FE990FB74FB6C1303" blockId="116.[714,1248,679,1666]" box="[727,1234,1255,1282]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">
R.E. 5
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FE864FB74FC8C1303" bold="true" box="[803,818,1255,1281]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">7</emphasis>
.3.
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FE809FB74FCE31303" bold="true" box="[846,861,1255,1281]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">7</emphasis>
3
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FE83FFB74FC391303" bold="true" box="[888,903,1255,1281]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">7</emphasis>
1 to 5 D.L. 0
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FEF62FB74FB8A1303" bold="true" box="[1061,1076,1255,1281]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">7</emphasis>
4
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FEF08FB7BFBE01300" bold="true" box="[1103,1118,1256,1282]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">8</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFAB314FEF22FB7BFB091303" box="[1125,1207,1255,1282]" degrees="2" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" pageId="116" pageNumber="317" precision="15" seconds="3" value="2.1174998">
2
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAB314FEF3DFB74FB371303" bold="true" box="[1146,1161,1255,1281]" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">7</emphasis>
3 E
</geoCoordinate>
.L.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAB314EE98DFA9BFDE51280" blockId="116.[714,1248,679,1666]" lastBlockId="117.[151,684,1096,1666]" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="116" pageNumber="317">The longitudinal vessels between folds one and two on each side are slightly higher, but, in contrast to other species of this genus, there is not a double-sized vessel, which would represent a second, regressed fold. Several vessels are intercalat- ed in the widened space between the first fold on the right side and the dorsal lamina; they generally begin close to the dorsal lamina, but sometimes lie close to the first fold. The branchial meshes are long and contain three to four stigmata between folds, cut by a parastigmatic vessel. We counted generally two stigmata per mesh on the folds. On each side of the dorsal lamina, the meshes may contain six to seven stigmata.</paragraph>
<caption id="29AB663DFFAA314EEBD0FC48FE621200" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391617/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" startId="117.[151,162,987,1004]" targetBox="[151,1250,163,953]" targetPageId="117">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAA314EEBD0FC48FE621200" blockId="117.[151,1246,987,1026]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">
FIG. 88. —
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFAA314EEBB3FC48FEC115EE" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[244,383,987,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bigyna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EEBB3FC48FEC115EE" box="[244,383,987,1004]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Stolonica bigyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFFAA314EEAC2FC48FE0615EE" box="[389,440,987,1004]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EEAF8FC48FE7215EE" bold="true" box="[447,460,987,1004]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">A</emphasis>
, specimen opened along the ventral side;
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EE873FC48FCFF15EE" bold="true" box="[820,833,987,1004]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">B</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EE80BFC48FCE415EE" bold="true" box="[844,858,987,1004]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">C</emphasis>
, both sides of the stomach;
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EEF09FC48FBE215EE" bold="true" box="[1102,1116,987,1004]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">D</emphasis>
, gonads. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAA314EEBD0FB1BFE911360" blockId="117.[151,684,1096,1666]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">
The stomach has 21 distinct folds interrupted at the level of the typhlosole (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFAA314EEA90FB3BFDD812C0" box="[471,614,1192,1218]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="117.[151,162,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetId="figure-305@117.[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIG. 88. — Stolonica bigyna n. sp.; A, specimen opened along the ventral side; B, C, both sides of the stomach; D, gonads. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391617/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Fig. 88B, C</figureCitation>
). The caecum is hook-shaped. The pyloric gland is clearly visible on the whole enlarged part of the intestine. The pyloric channel is independent from the caecum. The slightly enlarged anus has a smooth rim.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAA314EEBD0FAFBFB5E1320" blockId="117.[151,684,1096,1666]" lastBlockId="117.[714,1248,1095,1314]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">
The gonads lie along a line on each side of the endostyle in the posterior half of the body (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFAA314EEBD8FA3BFEBA13C0" box="[159,260,1448,1474]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="117.[151,162,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetId="figure-305@117.[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIG. 88. — Stolonica bigyna n. sp.; A, specimen opened along the ventral side; B, C, both sides of the stomach; D, gonads. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391617/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Fig. 88A</figureCitation>
). There are eight to ten testes per side, spherical or slightly lobed, each with a very long sperm duct. An ovary is coupled to each testis on the left side, and coupled to two to four testes on the right side in the middle of the row. Most of the ovaries on the left are well-developed (
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFAA314EEBD8F9FBFEB91080" box="[159,263,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="117.[151,162,987,1004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetId="figure-305@117.[151,1250,163,953]" captionTargetPageId="117" captionText="FIG. 88. — Stolonica bigyna n. sp.; A, specimen opened along the ventral side; B, C, both sides of the stomach; D, gonads. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391617/files/figure.png" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Fig. 88D</figureCitation>
); this is not the case on the right side, but in all the specimens studied there are at least rudimentary ovaries. The ovaries contain numerous oocytes, the smallest of which are ventral. The specimens in this collection had not reached complete sexual maturity and were not incubatory. Endocarps are scattered on the body wall. The base of the cloacal siphon is encircled by small tentacles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFAA314DE98DFAD4FE6A1423" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAA314EE98DFAD4FC90135D" blockId="117.[714,1247,1351,1666]" box="[714,814,1351,1377]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFAA314DE98DFAFBFE6A1423" blockId="117.[714,1247,1351,1666]" lastBlockId="118.[151,684,168,546]" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="319" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFAA314EE802FAFBFBCC1380" authority="Hartmeyer, 1903" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1903" box="[837,1138,1383,1410]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EE802FAFBFC161380" box="[837,936,1384,1410]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Stolonica</emphasis>
Hartmeyer, 1903
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EEF3EFAFBFB291383" box="[1145,1175,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFFAA314EEF3EFAFBFB291383" box="[1145,1175,1384,1409]" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
seems very homogeneous, with a branchial sac reduced to three complete folds and hermaphroditic gonads comprising a massive ovary and a single testis opening by a long sperm duct. The male or hermaphroditic gonads of the closely related genera
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFAA314EE98DF9BBFCF71040" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1922" box="[714,841,1576,1602]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Amphicarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EE98DF9BBFCF71040" box="[714,841,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Amphicarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFAA314EE83AF9BBFC601043" authorityName="Gaertner" authorityYear="1774" box="[893,990,1576,1601]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Distomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EE83AF9BBFC601043" box="[893,990,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Distomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a very different aspect. Until now, there has not been any
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFAA314EEF38F9DBFCAA1080" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="117" pageNumber="318" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFAA314EEF38F9DBFB611060" box="[1151,1247,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="318">Stolonica</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
described with hermaphroditic gonads on the left side. The disposition of hermaphroditic and female gonads has been the most reliable character to distinguish the genera
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA9314DEAABFF7BFDF11700" authorityName="Hartmeyer" authorityYear="1903" box="[492,591,232,258]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="118" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA9314DEAABFF7BFDF11700" box="[492,591,232,258]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="319">Stolonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ovaries on the right) and
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA9314DEA25FE9BFE541720" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1922" box="[354,490,264,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Amphicarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="118" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA9314DEA25FE9BFE541720" box="[354,490,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="319">Amphicarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ovaries on both sides). Our new species possesses ovaries on both sides, but all other characters closely ally it to the other
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA9314DEB9FFEFBFE2D1780" box="[216,403,360,386]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="118" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA9314DEB9FFEFBFE871780" box="[216,313,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="319">Stolonica</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA9314DEADEFEF4FE441780" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[409,506,359,386]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="118" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bigyna" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA9314DEADEFEF4FE441780" box="[409,506,359,386]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="319">S. bigyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFFA9314DE947FEF4FD821783" box="[512,572,359,385]" pageId="118" pageNumber="319" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in life has exactly the same appearance as the Coral Sea species
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA9314DEBA1FE3BFE1117E0" authority="Monniot C., Monniot F. &amp; Laboute P. (1991: 212)" authorityName="Monniot C., Monniot F. &amp; Laboute P." authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="1991" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="118" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variata">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA9314DEBA1FE3BFE2917C3" box="[230,407,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="319">Stolonica variata</emphasis>
Monniot C., Monniot F. &amp; Laboute P. (1991: 212)
</taxonomicName>
, but the two species differ in the elongate and lobed testes and the ovaries with few oocytes in
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA9314DEA2EFD94FE731423" box="[361,461,519,545]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Stolonica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="118" pageNumber="319" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variata">
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA9314DEA2EFD94FE731423" box="[361,461,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="319">S. variata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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