402 lines
50 KiB
XML
402 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="AEA9C69363153B25D161A2AAFAA2BB3D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5391440" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630315127817" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise & Monniot, Claude" docDate="2001" docId="F57D87A3FFA53145EA5BFA96FE8A17E0" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2001.23.2.201-383.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 23 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Polycarpa camptos Monniot & Monniot 2001, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="0944FFDBFFDF313BEB47FF93FFBE1602" masterDocTitle="Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="323" updateTime="1699223418854" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="B21E1C4B4DC46FA2ED2EF9CFCB64473C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="84E7154D4F98399C1097ABDD6792216C">
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<mods:title id="D6D0A3E224EC64ED0F2EF21DFAD19A5D">Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1688AEC2A9E3D3FADA40AE10C8D7E82A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B88C977AB6BC63CC364E13B9A4258994">
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<mods:roleTerm id="33AA10D6411FDF424909A43D92340375">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="13585A117E267266E9B6E6AC0B8037A3">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8D45179DB0326D203F0F7504E91696B2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7CFF6ED3E2D30ACCBEF7E3C6DC98782F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8582BDEE1647627215A3C2A242D0F739">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5E0E4606436499AAD311751C3C50CB9E">Monniot, Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FCA260F92FF8F264FEDCEA2E3ABDB9CF">UPESA 8044, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F- 75005 Paris (France) monniot @ mnhn. fr.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="65E5698142D8521FDBD84A449CB35E66" type="email">monniot@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="67784FD966406F4536008B1985654C02">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BC7CB035A81021EB5BC32FF42586DA64">
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<mods:title id="C77F6BEB8F5AFFA3594C25BB5AC8AB8E">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="046D00DC23A518CD9B54F178482084B4">
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<mods:date id="F5D99BBCC20D69C6AA9FA5AB58E39827">2001</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9B88C36934871FB475462CCF6C6C20DF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="89D9BF24A034735746F35F8461AECED9">23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="705715EE1B4751174D46A62DBCC90DF0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="03C53FC35A4EE34E663AD7DDC9204A50">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="CD0C459953E5F21817AAB09CBD9BD7DC" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="53C7F960D114721D9850A958B3F0AC34">201</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7878A36C9FF68A29C3CF3418B727AD36">383</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="97877EFD8557CD82ACAC5F3EC8C9F026">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3B9523E71974674F4050AAEC7F55E7C7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5391440</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BADF0768730A797F1A5D6BE0CBEE2A2F" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="189C92C9E34B000B360D6F5388712907" type="Zenodo-Dep">5391440</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="F57D87A3FFA53145EA5BFA96FE8A17E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F57D87A3FFA53145EA5BFA96FE8A17E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57D87A3FFA53145EA5BFA96FE8A17E0" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA53141EA5BFA96FD99131C" box="[284,551,1284,1311]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141EA5BFA96FD99131C" blockId="122.[284,551,1284,1342]" box="[284,551,1284,1311]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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<heading id="262381D9FFA53141EA5BFA96FD99131C" box="[284,551,1284,1311]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA53141EA5BFA96FE5B131C" ID-CoL="4L34Y" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[284,485,1284,1311]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camptos" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA53141EA5BFA96FE5B131C" bold="true" box="[284,485,1284,1311]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">Polycarpa camptos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFFA53141EAABFA97FD99131C" box="[492,551,1284,1310]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA53141EA0AFAB7FE48133C" box="[333,502,1316,1342]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141EA0AFAB7FE48133C" blockId="122.[284,551,1284,1342]" box="[333,502,1316,1342]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA53141EA13FAB7FE18133C" box="[340,422,1316,1342]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="122.[237,248,1032,1049]" captionTargetBox="[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-257@122.[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIG. 91. — Polycarpa camptos n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, polycarp. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391625/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">Figs 91</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA53141EAF5FAB7FE50133C" box="[434,494,1316,1342]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="169.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-68@169.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="169" captionText="FIG. 128. — A, Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890); B, Polycarpa camptos n. sp. covered by a black didemnid; C, Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885); D, Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); E, Polycarpa nigerrima n. sp.; F, Polycarpa papillata (Sluiter, 1885)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391683/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">128B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA53141EBD0FACFFE8613C3" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141EBD0FACFFE8613C3" blockId="122.[151,684,1372,1513]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA53141EBD0FACFFE881370" box="[151,310,1372,1395]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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||
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FFA53141EBD0FACFFF741373" box="[151,202,1372,1395]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">TYPE</typeStatus>
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MATERIAL
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</collectionCode>
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||
. —
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA53141EA2FFACFFD811377" bold="true" box="[360,575,1372,1397]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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<collectingCountry id="05C37625FFA53141EA2FFACFFD821377" box="[360,572,1372,1397]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Louisiade Archipelago, Deboyne Lagoon, Nivani Island,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA53141EBD0FA03FEB913AA" box="[151,263,1424,1448]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="47.46" orientation="latitude" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" precision="9" value="-10.791">10°47.46’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA53141EA55FA03FE2F13AA" box="[274,401,1424,1448]" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="23.08" orientation="longitude" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" precision="9" value="152.38467">152°23.08’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFA53141EADAFA03FE6D13A4" box="[413,467,1423,1448]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="096A1075FFA53141EA98FA03FDF713AA" box="[479,585,1424,1448]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" value="1998-05-30">
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30.
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA53141EABAFA03FDAF13AA" box="[509,529,1424,1448]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.1998
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</date>
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(
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA53141E91FFA03FD1213AA" box="[600,684,1424,1448]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">MNHN</collectionCode>
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S1
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA53141EBF1FA3AFF5713C3" box="[182,233,1449,1473]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">POL</collectionCode>
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.B 422).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA53141EBD0FA42FD3513EB" box="[151,651,1489,1513]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141EBD0FA42FD3513EB" blockId="122.[151,684,1372,1513]" box="[151,651,1489,1513]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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ETYMOLOGY. — From the Greek
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA53141EAA0FA42FD8F13EA" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[487,561,1489,1512]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camptos">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA53141EAA0FA42FD8F13EA" box="[487,561,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">camptos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: flexible.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA53140EBD0F9B4FF621200" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="324" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141EBD0F9B4FE96103D" blockId="122.[151,684,1575,1666]" box="[151,296,1575,1601]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141EBD0F9DBFCD81300" blockId="122.[151,684,1575,1666]" lastBlockId="122.[714,1248,1127,1666]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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||
The specimen is 8 ×
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<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFA53141EAC2F9DBFE7E1063" box="[389,448,1607,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="122" pageNumber="323" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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, erect, with a creamcoloured, wrinkled tunic (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA53141EAF6F9FBFDA01080" box="[433,542,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="169.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-68@169.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="169" captionText="FIG. 128. — A, Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890); B, Polycarpa camptos n. sp. covered by a black didemnid; C, Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885); D, Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); E, Polycarpa nigerrima n. sp.; F, Polycarpa papillata (Sluiter, 1885)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391683/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">Fig. 128B</figureCitation>
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covered by a black didemnid). In formalin the tunic turns light brown and the siphons a darker brown. The tunic is soft and flexible (hence the species name) and generally without epibionts. The siphons are close together.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141E98DFA9BFBDB1060" blockId="122.[714,1248,1127,1666]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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The body wall is brown and thin. There are no vesicles in the thickness of the body wall. There are a dozen oral tentacles of irregular length. The prepharyngeal band is deeply indented dorsally, but not prolonged in a groove (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA53141EF73FA1BFB2313A0" box="[1076,1181,1416,1442]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="122.[237,248,1032,1049]" captionTargetBox="[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-257@122.[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIG. 91. — Polycarpa camptos n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, polycarp. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391625/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">Fig. 91A</figureCitation>
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). The dorsal tubercle is small with a S-shaped aperture. The dorsal lamina begins at the point of the dorsal V, and its height increases gradually down to the oesophagus. At this level it is abruptly cut. The first branchial fold on the right side is doubled. The formula on the right side is:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA53141E85FF9F4FB2F1083" blockId="122.[714,1248,1127,1666]" box="[792,1169,1639,1666]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">
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R.E.?
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA53141E827F9FBFCD01080" bold="true" box="[864,878,1640,1666]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">8</emphasis>
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5
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA53141E8CDF9FBFC191080" bold="true" box="[906,935,1640,1666]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">10</emphasis>
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7
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA53141E885F9FBFC611080" bold="true" box="[962,991,1640,1666]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">13</emphasis>
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8
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA53141E8BCF9FBFBA61080" bold="true" box="[1019,1048,1640,1666]" pageId="122" pageNumber="323">17</emphasis>
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1 + 4 D.L.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FF34FF761780" blockId="123.[151,684,167,1026]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">In the space between the first fold and the dorsal lamina, four longitudinal vessels are grouped in a pseudo-fold. The folds are high but do not overlap each other. On the right side we count- ed about 30 stigmata between the dorsal lamina and the first vessel, but only 15 on the left side.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FE1BFDF61440" blockId="123.[151,684,167,1026]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
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The digestive tract forms an open loop (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140EBD8FE3BFEBD17C0" box="[159,259,424,450]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="122.[237,248,1032,1049]" captionTargetBox="[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-257@122.[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIG. 91. — Polycarpa camptos n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, polycarp. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391625/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 91A</figureCitation>
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). The oesophagus is short and narrow. The stomach is spherical with numerous thin folds. There is no caecum. The rectum is attached to the body wall only along the dorsal lamina. The anus has two dentate lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FDDBFF4614A0" blockId="123.[151,684,167,1026]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">There is only one large endocarp, located inside the gut loop, which links the intestine to the stomach.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FD3BFF621200" blockId="123.[151,684,167,1026]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
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The gonads are very numerous on the both sides of the body (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140EA30FD5BFE5E14E0" box="[375,480,712,738]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="122.[237,248,1032,1049]" captionTargetBox="[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-257@122.[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIG. 91. — Polycarpa camptos n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, polycarp. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391625/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 91A</figureCitation>
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) with about 130 polycarps on the right side and 74 on the left side. There are no polycarps on the posterior part of the body wall below the stomach and the gut loop. Each polycarp is round (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140EBD8FCFBFEB71580" box="[159,265,872,898]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="122.[237,248,1032,1049]" captionTargetBox="[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-257@122.[151,1246,166,1001]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIG. 91. — Polycarpa camptos n. sp.; A, specimen ventrally opened; B, polycarp. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391625/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 91B</figureCitation>
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), not protruding but rather includ- ed in the transparent body wall. The testis lobes are internal to the ovary. The gonoducts are short. We have not seen cloacal tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA43140EBD0FBB4FE2A12C0" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FBB4FF45123D" blockId="123.[151,684,1063,1218]" box="[151,251,1063,1089]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FBDBFE2A12C0" blockId="123.[151,684,1063,1218]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
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This species differs from many
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140E947FBDBFDD61260" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1877" box="[512,616,1096,1122]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140E947FBDBFDD61260" box="[512,616,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Polycarpa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
in its elongate and erect shape and the very numerous and flat, round polycarps with short ducts, and in consistency of its tunic.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA43140EBADFB72FD8913AA" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBADFB72FE491318" blockId="123.[234,601,1248,1306]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140EBADFB72FDE712F9" ID-CoL="4L352" authority="(Sluiter, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[234,601,1248,1275]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140EBADFB72FE0D12F8" bold="true" box="[234,435,1248,1275]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Polycarpa captiosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FFA43140EA86FB72FDEF12F9" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[449,593,1249,1275]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref88595" refString="SLUITER C. P. 1885. - Uber einige einfache Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurvetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nerderlandsch Indie 45: 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140EA15FA93FE1B1318" box="[338,421,1280,1306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="124.[442,453,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[145,1241,161,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-74@124.[130,1262,157,1476]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIG. 92. — Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391629/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Figs 92</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140EAF6FA93FE511318" box="[433,495,1280,1306]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="169.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-68@169.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="169" captionText="FIG. 128. — A, Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890); B, Polycarpa camptos n. sp. covered by a black didemnid; C, Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885); D, Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); E, Polycarpa nigerrima n. sp.; F, Polycarpa papillata (Sluiter, 1885)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391683/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">128C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FAA6FEEF1365" blockId="123.[151,684,1333,1666]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5DC4119BFFA43140EBD0FAA6FEEF1365" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FC7510A4FFA43140EBD0FAA6FE65134F" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[151,475,1333,1357]" page="202" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" year="1885">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140EBD0FAA6FE65134F" ID-CoL="53874" authority="Sluiter, 1885: 202" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityPageNumber="202" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,475,1333,1357]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140EBD0FAA6FEA1134E" box="[151,287,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Styela captiosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FFA43140EA62FAA6FE65134F" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[293,475,1333,1357]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref88595" refString="SLUITER C. P. 1885. - Uber einige einfache Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurvetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nerderlandsch Indie 45: 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885: 202</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 9, figs 4-7.
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FFA43140E93EFAA6FD12134F" box="[633,684,1333,1357]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FFA43140EBADFADCFEF31365" box="[234,333,1359,1383]" name="Indonesia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FAE4FD8913AA" blockId="123.[151,684,1333,1666]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140EBD0FAE4FEFD138C" ID-CoL="4L352" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,323,1399,1423]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140EBD0FAE4FEFD138C" box="[151,323,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Polycarpa captiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Monniot F. & Monniot C. 1996; 249, fig. 53, pl. 9A,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FFA43140EA19FA02FE2813AB" box="[350,406,1425,1449]" name="Palau" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and synonymy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA43140EBD0FA2BFDAC1080" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140EBD0FA2BFDAC1080" blockId="123.[151,684,1333,1666]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EBD0FA2BFEC813CC" box="[151,374,1464,1487]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140EAEEFA2AFD9313D3" bold="true" box="[425,557,1465,1489]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FFA43140EAEEFA2AFD9713D3" box="[425,553,1465,1489]" name="Philippines" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mindanao,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FFA43140EBD0FA42FF5C13EA" box="[151,226,1489,1512]" country="Philippines" name="Davao" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Davao</collectingRegion>
|
||
, N side Talikud Island, Angel Cove,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EBD0FA7FFEB61006" box="[151,264,1516,1540]" degrees="6" direction="north" minutes="57.59" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="6.959833">6°57.59’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EA52FA7FFE251006" box="[277,411,1516,1540]" degrees="125" direction="east" minutes="40.76" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="125.67934">125°40.76’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FFA43140EAEFFA7FFD9C1006" box="[424,546,1516,1540]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" value="1996-03-27">27.III.1996</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140E975FA7FFD371006" box="[562,649,1516,1540]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
S1
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EBD0F996FF72101F" box="[151,204,1541,1565]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">POL</collectionCode>
|
||
.B 362). — NE Panay Island, Bayas Island off coast of Estancia town,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EAD2F98DFDAD1034" box="[405,531,1566,1590]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="26.50" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="11.441667">11°26.50’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140E967F98DFD161034" box="[544,680,1566,1590]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="12.00" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="123.2">123°12.00’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FFA43140EBD0F9ABFEB71052" box="[151,265,1592,1616]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" value="1995-04-28">28.IV.1995</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EA5FF9ABFED21052" box="[280,364,1592,1616]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
S1
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EAD3F9ABFE791052" box="[404,455,1592,1616]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">POL</collectionCode>
|
||
.B 340). — SW
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FFA43140E92DF9ABFD161052" box="[618,680,1592,1616]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Bohol</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Planglao Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EA08F9C2FE7A106B" box="[335,452,1617,1641]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="32.27" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="9.537833">9°32.27’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EA95F9C2FDE0106B" box="[466,606,1617,1641]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="43.54" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="123.72567">123°43.54’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFA43140E92BF9C2FD191065" box="[620,679,1616,1641]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FFA43140EBD0F9F9FEB41080" box="[151,266,1642,1666]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" value="1997-04-21">21.IV.1997</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EA50F9F9FED51080" box="[279,363,1642,1666]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
S1
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EAD7F9F9FE7D1080" box="[400,451,1642,1666]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">POL</collectionCode>
|
||
.B 377).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA43140E98DFF34FC5C1440" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFF34FCE516BD" blockId="123.[714,1247,167,578]" box="[714,859,167,193]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFF5BFC5C1440" blockId="123.[714,1247,167,578]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
The different specimens are from
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFA43140EF1BFF5BFB6116E3" box="[1116,1247,199,226]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8 to 12 cm</quantity>
|
||
long. They are erect with the siphons at 45°. The tunic is tough, tuberculated, and covered with varied epibionts. The siphons have a red tint (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140E995FEDBFCF71760" box="[722,841,328,354]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="169.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-68@169.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="169" captionText="FIG. 128. — A, Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890); B, Polycarpa camptos n. sp. covered by a black didemnid; C, Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885); D, Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); E, Polycarpa nigerrima n. sp.; F, Polycarpa papillata (Sluiter, 1885)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391683/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 128C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The internal characteristics are the same as described in Monniot F. & Monniot C. (1996). The dorsal tubercle has numerous irregular openings. The polycarps are oval, protruding, and arranged in an irregular line on each side of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140E87CFE7BFC301400" box="[827,910,488,514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="124.[442,453,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[145,1241,161,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-74@124.[130,1262,157,1476]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIG. 92. — Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391629/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
). The gut forms a double loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140E995FD9BFC9B1420" box="[722,805,520,546]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="124.[442,453,1493,1510]" captionTargetBox="[145,1241,161,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-74@124.[130,1262,157,1476]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIG. 92. — Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391629/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
), very loosely attached to the body wall when it is not eviscerated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA43140E98DFDF4FC7E1540" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFDF4FC90147D" blockId="123.[714,1247,615,834]" box="[714,814,615,641]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFD1BFBA31500" blockId="123.[714,1247,615,834]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
This species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140E8B9FD1BFCD414C0" authority="(Sluiter, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140E8B9FD1BFB6114A0" box="[1022,1247,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Polycarpa papillata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FFA43140E996FD3BFCDC14C0" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[721,866,680,706]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref88595" refString="SLUITER C. P. 1885. - Uber einige einfache Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurvetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nerderlandsch Indie 45: 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140E8E3FD3BFBC514C3" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[932,1147,680,706]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reviviscens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140E8E3FD3BFBC514C3" box="[932,1147,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Polycarpa reviviscens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFFA43140EFC3FD34FB7F14C3" box="[1156,1217,679,705]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in the arrangement of gonads and the multiple openings of the dorsal tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFC9BFC7E1540" blockId="123.[714,1247,615,834]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">The distribution covers a large part of the tropical western Pacific Ocean.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA43140E84EFCF6FB3A1297" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E84EFCF6FB95159C" blockId="123.[777,1183,868,926]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140E84EFCF6FB21157D" ID-CoL="4L35J" authority="(Sluiter, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[777,1183,868,895]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140E84EFCF6FC44157C" bold="true" box="[777,1018,868,895]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Polycarpa cryptocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FFA43140EF4FFCF6FB29157D" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[1032,1175,869,895]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref88595" refString="SLUITER C. P. 1885. - Uber einige einfache Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurvetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nerderlandsch Indie 45: 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140E8C3FC17FC69159C" box="[900,983,900,926]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="125.[151,162,1628,1645]" captionTargetBox="[168,1234,166,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-21@125.[159,1247,168,1577]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIG. 93. — Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); A, B, specimen from Tonga; C, D, specimen from Maldives. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, D, 2 mm; C, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391631/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Figs 93</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140E8A4FC17FB9A159C" box="[995,1060,900,926]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="169.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-68@169.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="169" captionText="FIG. 128. — A, Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890); B, Polycarpa camptos n. sp. covered by a black didemnid; C, Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885); D, Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); E, Polycarpa nigerrima n. sp.; F, Polycarpa papillata (Sluiter, 1885)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391683/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">128D</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFC2EFB3A1297" blockId="123.[714,1248,956,1249]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5DC4119BFFA43140E98DFC2EFB3A1297" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FC7510A4FFA43140E98DFC2EFBF815D7" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[714,1094,956,981]" page="210" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" year="1885">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA43140E98DFC2EFBF815D7" ID-CoL="5387Q" authority="Sluiter, 1885: 210" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1885" box="[714,1094,956,981]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140E98DFC2EFCC015D1" box="[714,894,956,981]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Styela cryptocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FFA43140E8C3FC2EFBF815D7" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[900,1094,957,981]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref88595" refString="SLUITER C. P. 1885. - Uber einige einfache Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurvetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nerderlandsch Indie 45: 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885: 210</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FFA43140EF08FC2FFB3A15D6" box="[1103,1156,956,980]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Billiton Island. Synonymy: see Monniot C. 1987b: 281, fig. 2. — Monniot F. & Monniot C. 1996: 251, pl. 9C. MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140E89EFB8BFBFE1232" bold="true" box="[985,1088,1048,1072]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FFA43140E89EFB8BFB821232" box="[985,1084,1048,1072]" name="Maldives" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
N
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FFA43140EF20FB8BFB251232" box="[1127,1179,1048,1072]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atoll, Feydhoo Findhu Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140E8F9FBA2FB97124B" box="[958,1065,1073,1097]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="12.94" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="4.215667">4°12.94’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EF73FBA2FB18124B" box="[1076,1190,1073,1097]" degrees="73" direction="east" minutes="29.04" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="73.484">73°29.04’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFA43140EFF6FBA2FB64124A" box="[1201,1242,1073,1097]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FFA43140E98DFBD8FCFB1261" box="[714,837,1099,1123]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" value="1997-09-23">23.IX.1997</date>
|
||
(MNHN S1 POL.B 390). — S
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FFA43140EFEDFBD8FB611261" box="[1194,1247,1099,1123]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atoll, oceanside North reef,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140E8AAFBF7FBE4127E" box="[1005,1114,1124,1148]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="07.54" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="4.1256666">4°07.54’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EF21FBF7FB65127E" box="[1126,1243,1124,1148]" degrees="73" direction="east" minutes="30.55" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="73.50916">73°30.55’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFA43140E98DFBEEFCBE1296" box="[714,768,1149,1173]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FFA43140E84DFBEEFCC21297" box="[778,892,1149,1173]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" value="1997-09-24">24.IX.1997</date>
|
||
(MNHN S1 POL.B 389).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFFA43145E98DFB05FE8A17E0" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFB05FD4112E3" blockId="123.[714,1248,956,1249]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA43140E98DFB05FCA812AC" bold="true" box="[714,790,1174,1198]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FFA43140E98DFB05FCAF12AC" box="[714,785,1174,1198]" name="Tonga" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Tonga</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FFA43140E850FB04FCDF12AD" box="[791,865,1175,1199]" country="Tonga" name="Vava'u" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Vava’u</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Hunga Island Lagoon,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140EF24FB04FB6512AD" box="[1123,1243,1175,1199]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="42.25" orientation="latitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="-18.704166">18°42.25’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FFA43140E98DFB23FCE612CA" box="[714,856,1200,1224]" degrees="174" direction="west" minutes="07.72" orientation="longitude" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" precision="9" value="-174.12866">174°07.72’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FFA43140E823FB23FC2F12C4" box="[868,913,1199,1224]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FFA43140E8DAFB23FBB812CA" box="[925,1030,1200,1224]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" value="1997-11-09">9.XI.1997</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EF51FB23FBD212CA" box="[1046,1132,1200,1224]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
S1
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EFD0FB23FB7212CA" box="[1175,1228,1200,1224]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">POL</collectionCode>
|
||
.B 388).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFA94FCE5131D" blockId="123.[714,1248,1287,1666]" box="[714,859,1287,1313]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA43140E98DFABBFC401083" blockId="123.[714,1248,1287,1666]" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">
|
||
The newly collected specimens allow us to complement the description given by Monniot C. (1987b) for New Caledonian specimens. The colour of the tunic in life is rather variable, and the internal side of the siphons is either completely white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140E821FA5BFC6413E0" box="[870,986,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="169.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-68@169.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="169" captionText="FIG. 128. — A, Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890); B, Polycarpa camptos n. sp. covered by a black didemnid; C, Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885); D, Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); E, Polycarpa nigerrima n. sp.; F, Polycarpa papillata (Sluiter, 1885)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391683/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 128D</figureCitation>
|
||
) or spotted with white. The oral tentacles are of two or three orders of size. The dorsal tubercle is protruding, occupying the total space between the dorsal
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FFA43140EF78F9B4FBEC1043" box="[1087,1106,1575,1601]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="123" pageNumber="324" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
and the tentacle ring. Its openings are multiple, curved, or merely in a C (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA43140E82CF9FBFC4E1083" box="[875,1008,1639,1666]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="125.[151,162,1628,1645]" captionTargetBox="[168,1234,166,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-21@125.[159,1247,168,1577]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIG. 93. — Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); A, B, specimen from Tonga; C, D, specimen from Maldives. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, D, 2 mm; C, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391631/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="324">Fig. 93B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29AB663DFFA33147EAFDFA46FC0013E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391629" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391629" box="[442,958,1493,1510]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391629/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="325" startId="124.[442,453,1493,1510]" targetBox="[145,1241,161,1449]" targetPageId="124">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA33147EAFDFA46FC0013E4" blockId="124.[442,958,1493,1510]" box="[442,958,1493,1510]" pageId="124" pageNumber="325">
|
||
FIG. 92. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA33147E953FA46FC9313E4" authority="(Sluiter, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[532,813,1493,1510]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="124" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="captiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA33147E953FA46FD0C13E4" box="[532,690,1493,1510]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="325">Polycarpa captiosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FFA33147E9FBFA46FC9613E4" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[700,808,1493,1510]" pageId="124" pageNumber="325" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref88595" refString="SLUITER C. P. 1885. - Uber einige einfache Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurvetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nerderlandsch Indie 45: 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA33145EBD0F9BBFD3C1740" blockId="124.[151,684,1575,1666]" lastBlockId="126.[151,684,168,322]" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="124" pageNumber="325">
|
||
The gut forms a closed loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA33147EAA7F9BBFDD71040" box="[480,617,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="125.[151,162,1628,1645]" captionTargetBox="[168,1234,166,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-21@125.[159,1247,168,1577]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIG. 93. — Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); A, B, specimen from Tonga; C, D, specimen from Maldives. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, D, 2 mm; C, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391631/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="325">Fig. 93A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The secondary curve is always present. The stomach is only slightly enlarged. The anus has a rolled edge with numerous lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA33147E8F0F9BBFB891040" box="[951,1079,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="125.[151,162,1628,1645]" captionTargetBox="[168,1234,166,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-21@125.[159,1247,168,1577]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIG. 93. — Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); A, B, specimen from Tonga; C, D, specimen from Maldives. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, D, 2 mm; C, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391631/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="325">Fig. 93A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are two or three large endocarps in the intestinal loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA33147E994F9FBFCE01080" box="[723,862,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="125.[151,162,1628,1645]" captionTargetBox="[168,1234,166,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-21@125.[159,1247,168,1577]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIG. 93. — Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); A, B, specimen from Tonga; C, D, specimen from Maldives. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, D, 2 mm; C, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391631/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="325">Fig. 93A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The polycarps are numerous on each side, covering the whole internal side of the body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FFA13145EA4CFF5BFE3516E0" box="[267,395,200,226]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="125.[151,162,1628,1645]" captionTargetBox="[168,1234,166,1567]" captionTargetId="figure-21@125.[159,1247,168,1577]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="FIG. 93. — Polycarpa cryptocarpa (Sluiter, 1885); A, B, specimen from Tonga; C, D, specimen from Maldives. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, D, 2 mm; C, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391631/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="327">Fig. 93A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are round, included in the thickness of the body wall and have protruding gonoducts. There are no endocarps between them. There is a ring of small cloacal tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="29AB663DFFA23146EBD0F9CFFEF31080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391631/files/figure.png" pageId="125" pageNumber="326" startId="125.[151,162,1628,1645]" targetBox="[168,1234,166,1567]" targetPageId="125">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA23146EBD0F9CFFEF31080" blockId="125.[151,1248,1628,1666]" pageId="125" pageNumber="326">
|
||
FIG. 93. —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FFA23146EBB3F9CFFD92106F" authority="(Sluiter, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[244,556,1628,1645]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Polycarpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="125" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA23146EBB3F9CFFE0E106F" box="[244,432,1628,1645]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="326">Polycarpa cryptocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FFA23146EAFCF9CFFD99106F" author="SLUITER C. P." box="[443,551,1628,1645]" pageId="125" pageNumber="326" pagination="160 - 232" refId="ref88595" refString="SLUITER C. P. 1885. - Uber einige einfache Ascidien von der Insel Billiton. Natuurvetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nerderlandsch Indie 45: 160 - 232." type="journal article" year="1885">Sluiter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA23146E972F9CFFDFC106F" bold="true" box="[565,578,1628,1645]" pageId="125" pageNumber="326">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA23146E90AF9CFFDE4106F" bold="true" box="[589,602,1628,1645]" pageId="125" pageNumber="326">B</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen from Tonga;
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA23146E86FF9CFFC88106F" bold="true" box="[808,822,1628,1645]" pageId="125" pageNumber="326">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FFA23146E806F9CFFCF1106F" bold="true" box="[833,847,1628,1645]" pageId="125" pageNumber="326">D</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen from Maldives. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, D, 2 mm; C, 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA13145EBD0FEF4FF45177D" blockId="126.[151,684,359,482]" box="[151,251,359,385]" pageId="126" pageNumber="327">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FFA13145EBD0FE1BFE8A17E0" blockId="126.[151,684,359,482]" pageId="126" pageNumber="327">The distribution of this species is very wide in the whole western Pacific Ocean and the tropical Indian Ocean.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |