treatments-xml/data/F5/52/87/F55287D4FF9E3F58FEE0FF6AFE2BF961.xml

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<mods:title id="62CE19F203D4CEB45BE2E11F16422030">Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXI Parabuthus (Buthidae) (Part II), with description of five new species from Somaliland and Ethiopia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF9E3F63FEE0FF6AFDF7FEA2" ID-CoL="4CN59" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[294,523,232,256]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">Parabuthus kabateki</taxonomicName>
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(
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FF5FFE8BFEC9FE83" box="[153,309,265,289]" captionStart-0="Figures 105–106" captionStart-1="Figures 107–113" captionStart-2="Figures 114–123" captionStart-3="Figures 124–149" captionStartId-0="25.[115,192,1646,1668]" captionStartId-1="27.[113,190,1959,1981]" captionStartId-2="28.[113,190,1954,1976]" captionStartId-3="29.[115,192,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1439,235,1622]" captionTargetBox-1="[135,1464,242,1935]" captionTargetBox-2="[113,1474,249,1867]" captionTargetBox-3="[114,1447,242,1796]" captionTargetId-0="figure-207@25.[113,1474,234,1642]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@27.[113,1474,234,1949]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@28.[113,1474,249,1896]" captionTargetId-3="figure-7@29.[113,1474,229,1805]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionText-0="Figures 105–106. Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., male holotype in dorsal (105) and ventral (106) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 107–113: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., metasoma and telson. Figures 107–109. Female juvenile paratype, lateral (107), ventral (108), and dorsal (109) views. Figure 110. Male paratype, dorsal view. Figures 111–113. Male holotype, lateral (111), ventral (112), and dorsal (113) views. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-2="Figures 114–123: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. Figures 114–115, 118–123. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (114), coxosternal area and sternites III–V (115), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (118–121 respectively), right chelicera dorsal (122) and ventral (123) views. Figures 116–117. Female juvenile paratype, carapace and tergites I–III (116), coxosternal area and sternite III (117)." captionText-3="Figures 124–149: Pedipalps. Figures 124–136: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. Figure 124. Female juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (124) view. Figure 125. Male juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (125) view. Figures 126–132. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (126), external (127) and ventral (128) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (129), external (130) and ventral (131) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (132), dorsal (133), and ventral (134) views, pedipalp fixed (135) and movable (136) finger dentition. Figures 137–149: Parabuthus robustus sp. n. Figure 137–138. Female paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (137) and external (138) views. Figures 139–149. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (139), external (140) and ventral (141) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (142), external (143) and ventral (144) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (145), dorsal (146), and ventral (147) views, pedipalp fixed (148) and movable (149) finger dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 126–130, 132–133, 139–143, and 145–146." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 105–136</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FE86FE8BFE5CFE83" box="[320,416,265,289]" captionStart="Figures 150–160" captionStartId="30.[113,190,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[128,1454,258,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-18@30.[113,1474,248,1851]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 150–160: Hemispermatophores. Figures 150–155. Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., male paratype 1549, right hemispermatophore, distal trunk, capsule and flagellum (150), capsule in posterior (151), convex (152), convex compressed (153), anterior (154) views, and whole hemispermatophore (155). Scale bars: 1 mm (150), 500 μm (151–154), 4 mm (155). Figures 156–160. Parabuthus mazuchi sp. n., male holotype, left hemispermatophore, whole hemispermatophore (156), capsule in posterior (157), convex (158), convex compressed (159), and anterior (160) views. Scale bars: 4 mm (156), 500μm (157–160)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">150–155</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FE6CFE8BFDF6FE83" box="[426,522,265,289]" captionStart-0="Figures 161–162" captionStart-1="Figures 163–164" captionStartId-0="31.[116,193,2011,2033]" captionStartId-1="32.[115,192,2011,2033]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,234,1964]" captionTargetBox-1="[115,1476,226,1981]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@31.[113,1474,234,1965]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@32.[115,1476,226,1983]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionText-0="Figures 161–162. Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., male paratypes, in vivo habitus at type locality." captionText-1="Figures 163–164. Somaliland, locality 18SJ, type locality of Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. and P. mazuchi sp. n." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">161–164</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FDD3FE8BFDC3FE83" box="[533,575,265,289]" captionStart="Figures 266–292" captionStartId="59.[113,190,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[118,1461,239,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-9@59.[113,1471,233,1828]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Figures 266–292: Parabuthus chelae, dorsal and external views. Figures 266–267. P. heterurus, male holotype (266) and male from Somalia, Afgooye (267). Figure 268. P. kabateki sp. n., male holotype. Figure 269. P. kajibu, male holotype. Figure 270–271. P. robustus sp. n., male holotype (270) and paratype from locality 11SQ (271). Figures 272–273. P. somalilandus sp. n., male holotype (272) and paratype from Laas Gel (273). Figures 274–277. P. abyssinicus, male (274–275) and female (276–277) from locality 17SR. Figures 278–279. P. erigavoensis sp. n., female holotype. Figures 280–283. P. hamar, male (280–281) and female (282–283) paratypes. Figures 284–285. P. cimrmani, male holotype. Figures 286–287. P. eritreaensis, male holotype. Figures 288–289. P. mazuchi sp. n., male holotype. Figures 290–292. P. granimanus, male from locality 18ST (290–291) and male lektotype (292)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">268</figureCitation>
, 293–298, 305, 
<tableCitation id="30790379FF9E3F63FEA8FEABFE35FEE3" box="[366,457,297,321]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="24.[116,172,1051,1072]" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adults of Parabuthus heterurus and P. kabateki sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Tables 2</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="30790379FF9E3F63FE13FEABFE18FEE3" box="[469,484,297,321]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="58.[113,169,705,726]" captionText="Table 4. Comparison among species (males) from Parabuthus heterurus complex and P. mazuchi sp. n., based upon selected morphometric ratios of adult males.Abbreviations: length (L), width (W), depth (D)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">4</tableCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="30790379FF9E3F63FE36FEABFE02FEE3" box="[496,510,297,321]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="61.[115,171,2000,2021]" captionText="Table 5. The diploid numbers, the postpachytene configuration, the percentage of the total chromosome length of the diploid set (% TCL) and the localities of Parabuthus species from the Horn of Africa." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">5</tableCitation>
) 
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; 
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juvs. 
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and 
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, 1549, 1550), leg. 
<collectorName id="D00E5314FF9E3F63FF3EFD0BFE93FD01" box="[248,367,649,675]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">F. KovařÍk</collectorName>
et al
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. (
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; hemispermatophores 
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).
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<subSubSection id="35E16549FF9E3F63FFB7FD6BFE58FC63" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FFB7FD6BFE58FC63" blockId="26.[113,771,745,961]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
ETYMOLOGY. The name honors Czech entomologist and friend Petr KabÁtek who visited the type locality with us and helped to collect scorpions. However, when he collected an adult male 
<typeStatus id="A2408860FF9E3F63FF6DFCCBFEFBFCC3" box="[171,263,841,865]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of this species by hand he was stung on a finger that was paralyzed for two days. Thanks to his enthusiasm in the field, we know about the capability of this scorpion to cause painful envenomation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35E16549FF9E3F63FFB7FC6BFEBCF9E3" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FFB7FC6BFEBCF9E3" blockId="26.[113,772,1001,1601]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
DIAGNOSIS. Adult males from 
<quantity id="BA039B27FF9E3F63FE79FC6BFDF1FBA2" box="[447,525,1001,1025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
to 
<quantity id="BA039B27FF9E3F63FDF0FC6BFD7FFBA2" box="[566,643,1001,1025]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
long, adult female unknown. Base color yellow to brown, tergites brown, metasoma I yellow, orange, brown or black, metasoma II orange to black, metasoma III yellow, metasoma IV black, and metasoma V yellow with black pattern mainly on dorsal surface. Telson black. Pectine teeth number 
<quantity id="BA039B27FF9E3F63FD9CFB0BFD47FB03" box="[602,699,1161,1185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.2192" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="45.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="42.0">42–48 in</quantity>
males and 
<quantity id="BA039B27FF9E3F63FF63FB2BFEF5FB63" box="[165,265,1193,1217]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0541" metricValueMax="1.0922" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="41.5" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="40.0">40–43 in</quantity>
females. Stridulatory area present on dorsal surface of metasoma I–II, reduced or absent in metasoma III, and absent in metasoma IV–V. Metasoma hirsute. Metasoma V length/ width ratio is 
<quantity id="BA039B27FF9E3F63FE4EFA8BFDEFFA83" box="[392,531,1289,1313]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1275" metricValueMax="4.2418" metricValueMin="4.0132" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="1.625" valueMax="1.67" valueMin="1.58">1.58–1.67 in</quantity>
males. Dorsal carina of metasomal segment IV composed posteriorly of stronger non-pointed granules in males. Movable and fixed fingers of pedipalp bear 12–13 rows of granules, all with external and internal accessory granules. Fingers of pedipalp not elongated. Fingers of pedipalps of male with inner side of base smooth, no trace of tubercle. Manus of pedipalp of male broad, pedipalp chela length/ width ratio 
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males. Pedipalp chela smooth and patella finely granulated. Tarsomere I of legs I–III with bristle-combs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35E16549FF9E3F58FFB7F9EBFE2BF961" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="26" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FFB7F9EBFEE1F883" blockId="26.[113,772,1641,2049]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
DESCRIPTION. The adults are 
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long. The habitus is shown in 
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FF3AF90BFE67F903" box="[252,411,1673,1697]" captionStart="Figures 105–106" captionStartId="25.[115,192,1646,1668]" captionTargetBox="[132,1439,235,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-207@25.[113,1474,234,1642]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 105–106. Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., male holotype in dorsal (105) and ventral (106) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 105–106</figureCitation>
. For position and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps see 
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FE68F92BFD4EF963" box="[430,690,1705,1729]" captionStart="Figures 124–149" captionStartId="29.[115,192,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[114,1447,242,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-7@29.[113,1474,229,1805]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 124–149: Pedipalps. Figures 124–136: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. Figure 124. Female juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (124) view. Figure 125. Male juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (125) view. Figures 126–132. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (126), external (127) and ventral (128) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (129), external (130) and ventral (131) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (132), dorsal (133), and ventral (134) views, pedipalp fixed (135) and movable (136) finger dentition. Figures 137–149: Parabuthus robustus sp. n. Figure 137–138. Female paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (137) and external (138) views. Figures 139–149. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (139), external (140) and ventral (141) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (142), external (143) and ventral (144) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (145), dorsal (146), and ventral (147) views, pedipalp fixed (148) and movable (149) finger dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 126–130, 132–133, 139–143, and 145–146." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 126–130, 132–133</figureCitation>
. Sexual dimorphism: adult males with pedipalp chela broader. Female with basal middle lamella wide (
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FE0CF96BFDDFF8A3" box="[458,547,1769,1793]" captionStart="Figures 114–123" captionStartId="28.[113,190,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,249,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[113,1474,249,1896]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 114–123: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. Figures 114–115, 118–123. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (114), coxosternal area and sternites III–V (115), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (118–121 respectively), right chelicera dorsal (122) and ventral (123) views. Figures 116–117. Female juvenile paratype, carapace and tergites I–III (116), coxosternal area and sternite III (117)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
) and smaller number of pectine teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FFB7F8ABFE2BF7A3" blockId="26.[113,772,1641,2049]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9E3F63FFB7F8ABFF10F8E3" bold="true" box="[113,236,1833,1857]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Coloration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FEC3F8ABFE51F8E3" box="[261,429,1833,1857]" captionStart="Figures 105–106" captionStartId="25.[115,192,1646,1668]" captionTargetBox="[132,1439,235,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-207@25.[113,1474,234,1642]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 105–106. Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., male holotype in dorsal (105) and ventral (106) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 105–106</figureCitation>
). The base color is variable yellow to brown. The pedipalp chela in males is yellow. The metasoma I is yellow, orange, brown or black, metasoma II is orange to black, metasoma III is yellow, metasoma IV is black, and metasoma V is yellow with black pattern mainly on dorsal surface. Telson is black. Carapace and tergites can be yellowish brown or almost black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FCF6FF6BFB1FFCA3" blockId="26.[816,1475,233,2049]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9E3F63FCF6FF6BFBA4FEA3" bold="true" box="[816,1112,233,257]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Carapace and mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FBABFF6BFAECFEA3" box="[1133,1296,233,257]" captionStart="Figures 105–106" captionStartId="25.[115,192,1646,1668]" captionTargetBox="[132,1439,235,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-207@25.[113,1474,234,1642]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 105–106. Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., male holotype in dorsal (105) and ventral (106) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 105–106</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FAE7FF6BFA7DFEA3" box="[1313,1409,233,257]" captionStart="Figures 114–123" captionStartId="28.[113,190,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,249,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[113,1474,249,1896]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 114–123: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. Figures 114–115, 118–123. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (114), coxosternal area and sternites III–V (115), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (118–121 respectively), right chelicera dorsal (122) and ventral (123) views. Figures 116–117. Female juvenile paratype, carapace and tergites I–III (116), coxosternal area and sternite III (117)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">114–117</figureCitation>
). The entire carapace is covered with large granules, more in males. Carinae are absent. The anterior margin of the carapace is almost straight, medially weakly convex, and bears 14–18 symmetrically distributed short, stout spiniform macrosetae. The tergites are granulated, more so in males. Tergite VII is pentacarinate, with lateral pairs of carinae strong, serratocrenulate. The pectinal tooth count is 42–48 (1x42, 2x43, 3x 44, 4x45, 5x46, 2x47, 1x48) in males and 40–43 (3x40, 1x41, 1x42, 1x43) in females. The pectine marginal tips extend to the end of the fourth sternite in the male and to a quarter of the fourth sternite in the female. The pectines have three marginal lamellae and 11–13 middle lamellae. The lamellae and fulcra bear numerous dark setae. All sternites are smooth, except that there is a stridulatory area on the third sternite that is more visible in the male. Sternite VII bears four carinae that are more visible in the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FCF6FC8BFAEAFA83" blockId="26.[816,1475,233,2049]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9E3F63FCF6FC8BFBD0FC83" bold="true" box="[816,1068,777,801]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Metasoma and telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FBF9FC8BFB1CFC83" box="[1087,1248,777,801]" captionStart="Figures 107–113" captionStartId="27.[113,190,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[135,1464,242,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1474,234,1949]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 107–113: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., metasoma and telson. Figures 107–109. Female juvenile paratype, lateral (107), ventral (108), and dorsal (109) views. Figure 110. Male paratype, dorsal view. Figures 111–113. Male holotype, lateral (111), ventral (112), and dorsal (113) views. Scale bars: 10 mm." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 107–113</figureCitation>
). The first to fourth metasomal segments bear a total of 10 granulated carinae. The fifth segment has five carinae, and its ventral and lateral surfaces are granulated. The ventral surface of metasomal segment V has several strong paired granules symmetricaly located laterally in the middle part. Dorsolateral carinae of the third and fourth segments terminate in stronger denticles, of which the posterior-most denticle is not enlarged. The stridulatory area is located on the dorsal surface of the first and second segments in both sexes. On the third segment it is reduced or absent and on fourth and fifth segments the stridulatory area is absent. The entire metasoma and telson are pilose with long hairs. The ventral surface of the telson is strongly granulated. The metasomal segment V length/ width ratio is 
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males. The telson is rather bulbous, with the aculeus approximately the same length as the vesicle in males and little bit shorter in female juvenile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FCF6FAABFA4DF9C3" blockId="26.[816,1475,233,2049]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9E3F63FCF6FAABFC63FAE3" bold="true" box="[816,927,1321,1345]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Pedipalps</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FC75FAABFBAAFAE3" box="[947,1110,1321,1345]" captionStart="Figures 124–149" captionStartId="29.[115,192,1818,1840]" captionTargetBox="[114,1447,242,1796]" captionTargetId="figure-7@29.[113,1474,229,1805]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 124–149: Pedipalps. Figures 124–136: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. Figure 124. Female juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (124) view. Figure 125. Male juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (125) view. Figures 126–132. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (126), external (127) and ventral (128) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (129), external (130) and ventral (131) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (132), dorsal (133), and ventral (134) views, pedipalp fixed (135) and movable (136) finger dentition. Figures 137–149: Parabuthus robustus sp. n. Figure 137–138. Female paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (137) and external (138) views. Figures 139–149. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (139), external (140) and ventral (141) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (142), external (143) and ventral (144) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (145), dorsal (146), and ventral (147) views, pedipalp fixed (148) and movable (149) finger dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 126–130, 132–133, 139–143, and 145–146." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 124–136</figureCitation>
). The pedipalps are hirsute with shorter setae on the chela and patella, and longer setae on the femur, and trochanter. The femur bears four carinae. The patella and chela lack carinae. The chela is smooth without carinae and the patella is finely granulated with carinae indicated. The movable and fixed fingers of pedipalp bear 12– 13 rows of granules, all with external and internal accessory granules. The fingers of the pedipalp of male with inner side of base smooth, tubercle absent. The manus of the pedipalp of male broad, pedipalp chela length/ width ratio 2.90–3.25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F63FCF6F9EBFC3BF8E3" blockId="26.[816,1475,233,2049]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9E3F63FCF6F9EBFC99F923" bold="true" box="[816,869,1641,1665]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FCBAF9EBFBE0F923" box="[892,1052,1641,1665]" captionStart="Figures 114–123" captionStartId="28.[113,190,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[113,1474,249,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[113,1474,249,1896]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 114–123: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. Figures 114–115, 118–123. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (114), coxosternal area and sternites III–V (115), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (118–121 respectively), right chelicera dorsal (122) and ventral (123) views. Figures 116–117. Female juvenile paratype, carapace and tergites I–III (116), coxosternal area and sternite III (117)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 118–121</figureCitation>
). Legs III and IV bear tibial spurs. Retrolateral and prolateral pedal spurs are present on all legs. All legs without distinct carinae and smooth. The tarsomeres bear two rows of macrosetae on the ventral surface and additional macrosetae on the other surfaces. The bristlecombs are present on all legs, although slightly reduced on the fourth leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9E3F58FCF6F8CBFF04FE41" blockId="26.[816,1475,233,2049]" lastBlockId="33.[113,772,235,515]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9E3F63FCF6F8CBFBE7F8C3" bold="true" box="[816,1051,1865,1889]" pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Hemispermatophore</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FF9E3F63FBEFF8CBFB3AF8C3" box="[1065,1222,1865,1889]" captionStart="Figures 150–160" captionStartId="30.[113,190,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[128,1454,258,1831]" captionTargetId="figure-18@30.[113,1474,248,1851]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figures 150–160: Hemispermatophores. Figures 150–155. Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., male paratype 1549, right hemispermatophore, distal trunk, capsule and flagellum (150), capsule in posterior (151), convex (152), convex compressed (153), anterior (154) views, and whole hemispermatophore (155). Scale bars: 1 mm (150), 500 μm (151–154), 4 mm (155). Figures 156–160. Parabuthus mazuchi sp. n., male holotype, left hemispermatophore, whole hemispermatophore (156), capsule in posterior (157), convex (158), convex compressed (159), and anterior (160) views. Scale bars: 4 mm (156), 500μm (157–160)." pageId="26" pageNumber="25">Figs. 150–155</figureCitation>
). Flagelliform, elongate and slender, trunk ca. 10 times length of capsule region. Flagellum emanating from posterior lobe of capsule; pars recta narrow, hyaline, 0.9× length of capsule; pars reflecta hyaline in proximal 1/3 of length, becoming thicker, opaque white in distal 2/3 of length, in total ca. 5.5× length of capsule. Capsule region with 3 lobes: broad posterior lobe with angulate apical margin and strong anterior carina; small anterior lobe with narrowed apical tip; and robust basal lobe with sharp pointed tip. Similar morphology was found for 3 other hemispermatophores (including left and right) from this species (locality 18SJ, Sc1549, 1550). Hemispermatophore is similar to that reported for other 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FE0BFE29FD60FE61" box="[461,668,427,451]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FE0BFE29FDB5FE61" box="[461,585,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Parabuthus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="196A4B33FFA53F58FD6CFE29FF11FE41" author="KOVARIK" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref22013" refString="KOVARIK, F., G. LOWE, J. PLISKOVA &amp; F. STAHLAVSKY. 2016. Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part VII. Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 (Buthidae), with description of P. hamar sp. n. and P. kajibu sp. n. from Ethiopia. Euscorpius, 228: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="2016">KovařÍk et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2984664AFF9F3F62FFB7F825FE92F855" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" startId="27.[113,190,1959,1981]" targetBox="[135,1464,242,1935]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9F3F62FFB7F825FE92F855" blockId="27.[113,1471,1959,2039]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9F3F62FFB7F825FEEBF81E" bold="true" box="[113,279,1959,1981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Figures 107–113</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF9F3F62FEE2F82AFE17F81F" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[292,491,1960,1981]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9F3F62FEE2F82AFE17F81F" box="[292,491,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Parabuthus kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFF9F3F62FE37F82AFDDAF81F" box="[497,550,1960,1981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9F3F62FE37F82AFDF4F81F" bold="true" box="[497,520,1960,1981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9F3F62FDD2F82AFDDDF81F" bold="true" box="[532,545,1960,1981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, metasoma and telson. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9F3F62FCCFF825FC4CF81E" bold="true" box="[777,944,1959,1981]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Figures 107–109</emphasis>
. Female juvenile paratype, lateral (107), ventral (108), and dorsal (109) views. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9F3F62FE90F846FE3EF87B" bold="true" box="[342,450,1988,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Figure 110</emphasis>
. Male paratype, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9F3F62FD1DF846FC81F87B" bold="true" box="[731,893,1988,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="26">Figures 111–113</emphasis>
. Male holotype, lateral (111), ventral (112), and dorsal (113) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2984664AFF983F65FFB7F820FB81F850" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" startId="28.[113,190,1954,1976]" targetBox="[113,1474,249,1867]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF983F65FFB7F820FB81F850" blockId="28.[113,1472,1954,2034]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF983F65FFB7F820FEE4F815" bold="true" box="[113,280,1954,1976]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Figures 114–123</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF983F65FEE3F820FE11F815" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[293,493,1954,1975]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF983F65FEE3F820FE11F815" box="[293,493,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Parabuthus kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFF983F65FE33F820FDD0F81A" box="[501,556,1954,1976]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF983F65FE33F820FDF0F815" bold="true" box="[501,524,1954,1975]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF983F65FDDEF820FDD9F815" bold="true" box="[536,549,1954,1975]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF983F65FDF5F820FD24F815" bold="true" box="[563,728,1954,1976]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Figures 114–115</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF983F65FD23F820FCCBF815" bold="true" box="[741,823,1954,1976]" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">118–123</emphasis>
. Male holotype, carapace and tergites I–III (114), coxosternal area and sternites III–V (115), left legs I–IV, retrolateral aspect (118–121 respectively), right chelicera dorsal (122) and ventral (123) views. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF983F65FAB5F83DFF3FF853" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="27">Figures 116–117</emphasis>
. Female juvenile paratype, carapace and tergites I–III (116), coxosternal area and sternite III (117).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2984664AFF993F64FFB5F898FC35F858" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" startId="29.[115,192,1818,1840]" targetBox="[114,1447,242,1796]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF993F64FFB5F898FC35F858" blockId="29.[115,1474,1818,2042]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FFB5F898FEE5F88D" bold="true" box="[115,281,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figures 124–149</emphasis>
: Pedipalps. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FE48F898FDC8F88D" bold="true" box="[398,564,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figures 124–136</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF993F64FD86F898FCFBF88D" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[576,775,1818,1839]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FD86F898FCFBF88D" box="[576,775,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Parabuthus kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFF993F64FCCAF898FCBEF892" box="[780,834,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FCCAF898FCDFF88D" bold="true" box="[780,803,1818,1839]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FCE8F898FCC7F88D" bold="true" box="[814,827,1818,1839]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FC81F898FC48F88D" bold="true" box="[839,948,1818,1840]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figure 124</emphasis>
. Female juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (124) view. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FF6BF8B5FEE0F8EE" bold="true" box="[173,284,1847,1869]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figure 125</emphasis>
. Male juvenile paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (125) view. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FCA4F8B5FBF6F8EE" bold="true" box="[866,1034,1847,1869]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figures 126–132</emphasis>
. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (126), external (127) and ventral (128) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (129), external (130) and ventral (131) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (132), dorsal (133), and ventral (134) views, pedipalp fixed (135) and movable (136) finger dentition. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FB5AF8F2FAB8F824" bold="true" box="[1180,1348,1904,1926]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figures 137–149</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF993F64FA97F8F3FF39F800" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FA97F8F3FF39F800" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Parabuthus robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFF993F64FF0AF80CFEF8F801" box="[204,260,1934,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FF0AF80CFF1FF801" bold="true" box="[204,227,1934,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FF36F80CFF01F801" bold="true" box="[240,253,1934,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FECDF80FFE56F800" bold="true" box="[267,426,1933,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figure 137–138</emphasis>
. Female paratype, pedipalp chela dorsal (137) and external (138) views. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF993F64FBBEF80FFADCF800" bold="true" box="[1144,1312,1933,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="28">Figures 139–149</emphasis>
. Male holotype, pedipalp chela dorsal (139), external (140) and ventral (141) views, pedipalp patella dorsal (142), external (143) and ventral (144) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter internal (145), dorsal (146), and ventral (147) views, pedipalp fixed (148) and movable (149) finger dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 126–130, 132–133, 139–143, and 145–146.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2984664AFF9A3F67FFB7F8DCFD1CF845" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" startId="30.[113,190,1886,1908]" targetBox="[128,1454,258,1831]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9A3F67FFB7F8DCFD1CF845" blockId="30.[113,1472,1886,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FFB7F8DCFEE5F8D1" bold="true" box="[113,281,1886,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Figures 150–160</emphasis>
: Hemispermatophores. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FE39F8DCFD5AF8D1" bold="true" box="[511,678,1886,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Figures 150–155</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF9A3F67FD74F8DCFC86F8D1" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[690,890,1886,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FD74F8DCFC86F8D1" box="[690,890,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Parabuthus kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFF9A3F67FC46F8DCFC4AF8D6" box="[896,950,1886,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FC46F8DCFC6BF8D1" bold="true" box="[896,919,1886,1907]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FC65F8DCFC4CF8D1" bold="true" box="[931,944,1886,1907]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male paratype 1549, right hemispermatophore, distal trunk, capsule and flagellum (150), capsule in posterior (151), convex (152), convex compressed (153), anterior (154) views, and whole hemispermatophore (155). Scale bars: 1 mm (150), 500 μm (151–154), 4 mm (155). 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FC06F81AFB96F80F" bold="true" box="[960,1130,1944,1966]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Figures 156–160</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF9A3F67FBBEF81AFABDF80F" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1144,1345,1944,1965]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazuchi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FBBEF81AFABDF80F" box="[1144,1345,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">Parabuthus mazuchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFF9A3F67FA8CF81AFA7DF80F" box="[1354,1409,1944,1965]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FA8CF81AFA9DF80F" bold="true" box="[1354,1377,1944,1965]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9A3F67FAA9F81AFA80F80F" bold="true" box="[1391,1404,1944,1965]" pageId="30" pageNumber="29">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male holotype, left hemispermatophore, whole hemispermatophore (156), capsule in posterior (157), convex (158), convex compressed (159), and anterior (160) views. Scale bars: 4 mm (156), 500μm (157–160).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2984664AFF9B3F66FFB2F859FC00F853" box="[116,1020,2011,2033]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" startId="31.[116,193,2011,2033]" targetBox="[113,1474,234,1964]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FF9B3F66FFB2F859FC00F853" blockId="31.[116,1020,2011,2033]" box="[116,1020,2011,2033]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9B3F66FFB2F859FEE7F852" bold="true" box="[116,283,2011,2033]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Figures 161–162</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FF9B3F66FEE1F859FE12F852" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[295,494,2011,2032]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9B3F66FEE1F859FE12F852" box="[295,494,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Parabuthus kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFF9B3F66FE32F859FDD5F852" box="[500,553,2011,2032]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9B3F66FE32F859FDF7F852" bold="true" box="[500,523,2011,2032]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FF9B3F66FDD1F859FDD8F852" bold="true" box="[535,548,2011,2032]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male paratypes, in vivo habitus at type locality.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2984664AFFA43F59FFB5F859FB68F852" box="[115,1172,2011,2033]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" startId="32.[115,192,2011,2033]" targetBox="[115,1476,226,1981]" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FFA43F59FFB5F859FB68F852" blockId="32.[115,1172,2011,2033]" box="[115,1172,2011,2033]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA43F59FFB5F859FEE6F852" bold="true" box="[115,282,2011,2033]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Figures 163–164</emphasis>
. Somaliland, locality 18SJ, type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA43F59FD79F859FC7AF852" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[703,902,2011,2032]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA43F59FD79F859FC7AF852" box="[703,902,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Parabuthus kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFFA43F59FC4AF859FC3EF852" box="[908,962,2011,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA43F59FC4AF859FC5FF852" bold="true" box="[908,931,2011,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA43F59FC69F859FC40F852" bold="true" box="[943,956,2011,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA43F59FC37F85EFBA4F852" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[1009,1112,2011,2033]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazuchi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA43F59FC37F85EFBA4F852" box="[1009,1112,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">P. mazuchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFFA43F59FB98F859FB68F852" box="[1118,1172,2011,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA43F59FB98F859FB89F852" bold="true" box="[1118,1141,2011,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA43F59FB47F859FB72F852" bold="true" box="[1153,1166,2011,2032]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FFA53F58FFB7FE69FE54FDA1" blockId="33.[113,772,235,515]" box="[113,424,491,515]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FFB7FE69FEE4FDA1" bold="true" box="[113,280,491,515]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Measurements</emphasis>
. See 
<tableCitation id="30790379FFA53F58FE94FE69FE58FDA1" box="[338,420,491,515]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="24.[116,172,1051,1072]" captionText="Table 2. Comparative measurements of adults of Parabuthus heterurus and P. kabateki sp. n. Abbreviations: length (L), width (W, in carapace it corresponds to posterior width), depth (D)." pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FFA53F58FFB7FDA9FCF8FCE1" blockId="33.[113,775,555,835]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FDA0FDA9FD27FDE1" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[614,731,555,579]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FDA0FDA9FD27FDE1" box="[614,731,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">P. kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFFA53F58FD25FDA9FF7BFDC0" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FD25FDA9FD00FDE1" bold="true" box="[739,764,555,579]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FFB7FDC9FF7CFDC1" bold="true" box="[113,128,587,611]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from all other species of the genus. They are recounted in the key below. 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FEF9FDE9FE4BFD21" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[319,439,619,643]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FEF9FDE9FE4BFD21" box="[319,439,619,643]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">P. kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFFA53F58FE04FDE9FDFFFD20" box="[450,515,619,643]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FE04FDE9FE27FD21" bold="true" box="[450,475,619,643]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FE2BFDE9FE00FD21" bold="true" box="[493,508,619,643]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FD29FDE9FF2BFD01" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterurus">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FD29FDE9FF2BFD01" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">P. heterurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, which is characterized by both nonelongated pedipalp fingers (
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FFA53F58FE51FD29FDCEFD61" box="[407,562,683,707]" captionStart="Figures 266–292" captionStartId="59.[113,190,1844,1866]" captionTargetBox="[118,1461,239,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-9@59.[113,1471,233,1828]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Figures 266–292: Parabuthus chelae, dorsal and external views. Figures 266–267. P. heterurus, male holotype (266) and male from Somalia, Afgooye (267). Figure 268. P. kabateki sp. n., male holotype. Figure 269. P. kajibu, male holotype. Figure 270–271. P. robustus sp. n., male holotype (270) and paratype from locality 11SQ (271). Figures 272–273. P. somalilandus sp. n., male holotype (272) and paratype from Laas Gel (273). Figures 274–277. P. abyssinicus, male (274–275) and female (276–277) from locality 17SR. Figures 278–279. P. erigavoensis sp. n., female holotype. Figures 280–283. P. hamar, male (280–281) and female (282–283) paratypes. Figures 284–285. P. cimrmani, male holotype. Figures 286–287. P. eritreaensis, male holotype. Figures 288–289. P. mazuchi sp. n., male holotype. Figures 290–292. P. granimanus, male from locality 18ST (290–291) and male lektotype (292)." pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Figs. 266–273</figureCitation>
) and a combination of metasoma IV black and metasoma V yellow (
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FFA53F58FD48FD49FF60FCA1" captionStart="Figures 107–113" captionStartId="27.[113,190,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[135,1464,242,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[113,1474,234,1949]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 107–113: Parabuthus kabateki sp. n., metasoma and telson. Figures 107–109. Female juvenile paratype, lateral (107), ventral (108), and dorsal (109) views. Figure 110. Male paratype, dorsal view. Figures 111–113. Male holotype, lateral (111), ventral (112), and dorsal (113) views. Scale bars: 10 mm." pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Figs. 107– 113</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FF77FD69FED5FCA1" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[177,297,747,771]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FF77FD69FED5FCA1" box="[177,297,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">P. kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFFA53F58FEF4FD69FE8EFCA0" box="[306,370,747,771]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FEF4FD69FEB7FCA1" bold="true" box="[306,331,747,771]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FE9AFD69FE97FCA1" bold="true" box="[348,363,747,771]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is more variable in color than other species of the complex, and the black metasoma II is a striking color combination not found in any other 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FDEAFCA9FCF8FCE1" box="[556,772,811,835]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FDEAFCA9FD54FCE1" box="[556,680,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Parabuthus</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FFA53F58FFB7FCE9FCF8FB61" blockId="33.[113,772,875,1731]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. The 
<typeStatus id="A2408860FFA53F58FD13FCE9FCFFFC21" box="[725,771,875,899]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
locality, 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FF0AFC08FEFFFC00" bold="true" box="[204,259,906,930]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">18SJ</emphasis>
is red sandy semidesert (
<figureCitation id="E5C02A47FFA53F58FDCDFC09FD58FC01" box="[523,676,907,931]" captionStart="Figures 163–164" captionStartId="32.[115,192,2011,2033]" captionTargetBox="[115,1476,226,1981]" captionTargetId="figure-18@32.[115,1476,226,1983]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 163–164. Somaliland, locality 18SJ, type locality of Parabuthus kabateki sp. n. and P. mazuchi sp. n." pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Figs. 163–164</figureCitation>
and figs. 
<quantity id="BA039B27FFA53F58FFB7FC29FF33FC61" box="[113,207,939,963]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5367" metricValueMax="1.5493999999999999" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="60.5" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="60.0">60–61 in</quantity>
KovařÍk et 
<bibRefCitation id="196A4B33FFA53F58FE8DFC29FE33FC61" author="LOWE" box="[331,463,939,963]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref22557" refString="LOWE, G. &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2019. Review of Grosphus Simon, 1880, with description of Teruelius gen. n., a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 281: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="2019">Lowe, 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="A2408860FFA53F58FDC9FC29FDBBFC61" box="[527,583,939,963]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">types</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FDAFFC29FD21FC61" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[617,733,939,963]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kabateki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FDAFFC29FD21FC61" box="[617,733,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">P. kabateki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FD25FC29FD00FC61" bold="true" box="[739,764,939,963]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FFB7FC49FF7CFC41" bold="true" box="[113,128,971,995]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were discovered at night during collecting by UV detection together with 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FED6FC69FD3CFBA1" authority="KovarIk et Lowe, 2019" authorityName="KovarIk et Lowe" authorityYear="2019" box="[272,704,1003,1029]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Gint" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banfasae">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FED6FC69FE50FBA1" box="[272,428,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Gint banfasae</emphasis>
KovařÍk et 
<bibRefCitation id="196A4B33FFA53F58FDFDFC69FD3CFBA1" author="LOWE" box="[571,704,1003,1027]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 128" refId="ref22557" refString="LOWE, G. &amp; F. KOVARIK. 2019. Review of Grosphus Simon, 1880, with description of Teruelius gen. n., a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Euscorpius, 281: 1 - 128." type="journal article" year="2019">Lowe, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="A2408860FFA53F58FD12FC69FCFFFBA1" box="[724,771,1003,1027]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
locality), 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FF1DFB89FE82FB80" box="[219,382,1035,1058]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Hottentotta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FF1DFB89FEA8FB80" box="[219,340,1035,1058]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Hottentotta</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FE4BFB89FF09FBE1" authority="KovarIk et Lowe, 2016" authorityName="KovarIk et Lowe" authorityYear="2016" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Lanzatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalilandus">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FE4BFB89FD79FB81" box="[397,645,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Lanzatus somalilandus</emphasis>
KovařÍk et Lowe, 2016
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FEF6FBA9FDF2FBE1" authority="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský, 2019" authorityName="Kovařík &amp; Lowe &amp; Elmi &amp; Šťáhlavský" authorityYear="2019" box="[304,526,1067,1091]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mazuchi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FEF6FBA9FDF2FBE1" box="[304,526,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Parabuthus mazuchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54BC57ABFFA53F58FDD0FBA9FDA8FBE0" box="[534,596,1067,1091]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FDD0FBA9FDD3FBE1" bold="true" box="[534,559,1067,1091]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FDF8FBA9FDB1FBE1" bold="true" box="[574,589,1067,1091]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
The first author (F. K.) visited the locality on 
<date id="09451002FFA53F58FE63FBC9FD8FFBC1" box="[421,627,1099,1123]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" value="2018-08-29" valueMax="2018-08-31" valueMin="2018-08-29">29–31 August 2018</date>
and recorded maximum daytime temperatures of 40 ºC and a minimum nighttime temperature of 23 ºC. The recorded humidity was between 24% (minimum at day) and 65% (maximum at night).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D4436C2FFA53F58FF67FB49FE2BF961" blockId="33.[113,772,875,1731]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">
<bibRefCitation id="196A4B33FFA53F58FF67FB49FECDFB41" author="LOWE" box="[161,305,1227,1251]" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref22523" refString="LOWE, G. 2018. The genera Butheolus Simon, 1882 and Xenobuthus gen. nov. (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman. Euscorpius, 261: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2018">Lowe (2018)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the contrasting dark black pigmentation of metasoma IV–V and telson of some buthids may be protective in guiding diurnal vertebrate predators towards the more heavily armored, venomous posterior end of the scorpion. This biphasic color pattern is characteristic of the 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FF5CFAE9FEF0FA21" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[154,268,1387,1411]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liosoma">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FF5CFAE9FF56FA20" box="[154,170,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FF7EFAE9FEF0FA21" box="[184,268,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">liosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex. The multiphasic color patterns of 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FD2AFAE9FF2BFA01" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1897" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Parabuthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heterurus">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FD2AFAE9FD00FA20" box="[748,764,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FFB7FA09FF2BFA01" box="[113,215,1419,1443]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">heterurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, with alternating light and dark metasomal segments, could serve a similar purpose. However, another possibility is that such conspicuous patterns are aposematic, i.e. they warn potential predators to avoid contact with a venomous animal. Regular bright and dark banding patterns have of course evolved in many other venomous or toxic animals, e.g. elapid snakes (coral snakes, kraits, sea snakes, etc.), dendrobatic frogs, 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FE54F9E9FDF6F921" authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1829" box="[402,522,1643,1667]" class="Reptilia" family="Helodermatidae" genus="Heloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FE54F9E9FDF6F921" box="[402,522,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Heloderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lepidopterous larvae (
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FFBCF909FED6F901" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[122,298,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Tyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jacobaeae">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FFBCF909FED6F901" box="[122,298,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Tyria jacobaeae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BAFB4D41FFA53F58FEFCF909FE39F900" box="[314,453,1675,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Danaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4F8FEAD0FFA53F58FEFCF909FE71F900" box="[314,397,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="32">Danaus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, etc.), Diplopoda, Chilopoda and many aculeate Hymenoptera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>