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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107701" ID-ISSN="1997-3500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725630" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1619623649741" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Seifert, Bernhard" docDate="2021" docId="F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78" docLanguage="en" docName="myrmecNews.31_133-179_printable.pdf" docOrigin="Myrmecological News 31" docSource="http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d" docTitle="Formica ussuriensis Seifert 2021, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="0912FF8E5E366141FFC9DA41FF91193E" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="133" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1643400285664" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Seifert, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Myrmecological News</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-04-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>179</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://zoobank.org/0e55c0d7-531a-48d7-a078-148b96bd461d</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b9f36fb1-1c9d-4af8-96ca-d57973b94862</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1997-3500</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5582216</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0E55C0D7-531A-48D7-A078-148B96BD461D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4725630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189107701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4725630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<subSubSection box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1214,1470,1498]" box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" reason="0">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1214,1470,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[816,1134,1470,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1134,1470,1498]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1141,1214,1472,1498]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1437,1521,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Etymology. Referring to the region of the river Ussuri in which the species occurs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1437,1521,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
<collectionCode box="[854,920,1585,1606]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Type</collectionCode>
material.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-09-14" collectorName="L. Kanter" country="Russia" elevation="770" latitude="43.24" location="Ussuri" longLatPrecision="686" longitude="133.39" municipality="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[1085,1186,1585,1607]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount box="[1192,1268,1585,1607]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
plus four paratype workers labelled “
<collectingCountry box="[1085,1139,1617,1638]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">RUS</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[1152,1232,1617,1639]" country="Russia" county="Mt. Lysaya Sopka" latitude="43.24" longLatPrecision="686" longitude="133.39" municipality="Pioniervegetation" name="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Ussuri</collectingMunicipality>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[1244,1329,1617,1638]" degrees="43.24" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="43.24">43.24N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1342,1436,1617,1638]" degrees="133.39" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="133.39">133.39E</geoCoordinate>
<quantity box="[816,881,1649,1670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="770.0">
<elevation box="[816,881,1649,1670]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="770.0">770m</elevation>
</quantity>
, ober. Povarotnaja-Tal, lehmiger Hangschutt, Sandboden mit Pioniervegetation,
<date box="[1132,1248,1681,1702]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">
<collectingDate box="[1132,1248,1681,1702]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">1999.09.14</collectingDate>
</date>
-050 (
<collectorName box="[1315,1415,1681,1703]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">L.Kanter</collectorName>
)”;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-09-03" collectorName="L. Kanter" country="Russia" elevation="850" latitude="43.01" location="Ussuri" longLatPrecision="688" longitude="133.21" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[816,830,1712,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">5</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[841,946,1713,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenType box="[958,1051,1713,1735]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">workers</specimenType>
labelled “
<collectingCountry box="[1177,1233,1713,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">RUS</collectingCountry>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B87F65E2F615BFCF9DFFFFA0C1F78:785D603B5E2F6158FB16DCF0FAA01FF9" box="[1247,1329,1713,1735]" country="Russia" county="Mt. Lysaya Sopka" latitude="43.01" longLatPrecision="688" longitude="133.21" name="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Ussuri</location>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[1345,1431,1713,1734]" degrees="43.01" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="43.01">43.01N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[816,908,1745,1766]" degrees="133.21" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="133.21">133.21E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[917,982,1744,1766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="850.0">
<elevation box="[917,982,1744,1766]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</elevation>
</quantity>
; S- Mt. Lysaya Sopka, dunkle Fichten-Tannen-Taiga,
<date box="[935,1056,1777,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-03">
<collectingDate box="[935,1056,1777,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-03">1999.09.03</collectingDate>
</date>
-037 (
<collectorName box="[1124,1225,1777,1799]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">L.Kanter</collectorName>
)”;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1999-09-14" collectionCode="SMN" collectorName="L. Kanter" country="Russia" elevation="555" latitude="43.24" location="Ussuri" longLatPrecision="686" longitude="133.39" municipality="Ussuri" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[1252,1266,1777,1799]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">5</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[1271,1369,1777,1798]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenType pageId="25" pageNumber="158">workers</specimenType>
labelled “
<collectingCountry box="[958,1011,1809,1830]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">RUS</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[1020,1097,1809,1831]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">Ussuri</collectingMunicipality>
:
<geoCoordinate box="[1106,1188,1809,1830]" degrees="43.24" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="43.24">43.24N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1198,1292,1809,1830]" degrees="133.39" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" precision="555" value="133.39">133.39E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[1302,1367,1809,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="555.0">
<elevation box="[1302,1367,1809,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="555.0">555 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; ober. Povaratnaya-Tal; sandige Flussterrasse,
<date box="[1260,1378,1841,1862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">
<collectingDate box="[1260,1378,1841,1862]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" value="1999-09-14">1999.09.14</collectingDate>
</date>
-051 (
<collectorName box="[824,925,1873,1895]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">L.Kanter</collectorName>
)”; depository
<collectionCode box="[1075,1131,1873,1894]" collectionName="SMN" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">SMN</collectionCode>
Görlitz.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="25.[816,1437,1521,2023]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158">
All material examined. Numeric phenotypical data were recorded in 10 nest samples with
<specimenCount box="[1275,1391,1937,1959]" pageId="25" pageNumber="158" type="worker">41 workers</specimenCount>
and three gynes. All these originated from Russian Far East. For details, see SI1, SI2, and SI3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Geographic range. Known are eight sites in the Ussuri River / Sichote Alin region situated at altitudes between 270 and
<quantity box="[346,413,240,262]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
, and latitudes between 43.0 and
<geoCoordinate box="[151,238,273,294]" degrees="48.3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="5555" value="48.3">48.3° N</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Diagnosis of worker (
<tableCitation box="[546,637,305,327]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="12.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,288,1992]" captionTargetId="graphics-52@12.[151,1437,281,2018]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Tab.2: Workers of species and hybrids similar to Formica rufa and Formica aquilonia; head size and RAV-corrected data for the assumption of each individual having a head size of 1750µm; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E3A614DFF5EDAF0FDB11839" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[669,771,304,327]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[218,232,337,359]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">6</figureCitation>
, key). S imilar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="YARROW" authorityYear="1955" box="[468,675,337,358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[468,675,337,358]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; slightly smaller, mean and maximum
<collectionCode box="[469,499,369,390]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
over all social
<typeStatus box="[654,713,369,390]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">types</typeStatus>
1537 and
<quantity box="[200,298,401,422]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.808" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1808.0">1808 µm</quantity>
. Scape as short but less thickset than in
<taxonomicName authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/
<collectionCode box="[326,355,433,454]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[355,393,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
0.903,
<collectionCode box="[476,504,433,454]" country="Sierra Leone" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14608" name="University of Sierra Leone, Njala University College" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="Herbarium">SL</collectionCode>
/ Smax
<subScript attach="left" box="[592,630,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
9.51. Petiole on average wider than in any other species, PeW /
<collectionCode box="[704,733,465,486]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,771,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
0.519. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[591,629,506,520]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[635,705,497,519]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 µm</quantity>
; setae on dorsal plane of scape much more numerous than in
<taxonomicName box="[151,285,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[151,285,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nSc
<subScript attach="left" box="[338,376,570,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
10.8; setae on head margin behind eyes more numerous than in
<taxonomicName box="[490,628,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[490,628,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and slightly longer, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[284,322,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
10.9, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[467,505,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[514,584,625,646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 µm</quantity>
; gular, pronotal, propodeal, and metanotal setae sparse and short as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with exception of clearly longer metanotal setae, nGu
<subScript attach="left" box="[198,237,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
5.6, GuHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[364,404,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[409,464,721,742]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="117.0">117µ</quantity>
m, nPn
<subScript attach="left" box="[550,589,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
7.1, mPnHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[732,771,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[151,192,753,774]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="47.0">47µ</quantity>
m, nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[266,304,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
3.5; mMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[419,457,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
3.8, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[584,622,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
<quantity box="[627,706,753,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="141.0">141µm</quantity>
; setae on lateral mesopleuron as numerous as in
<taxonomicName box="[630,764,785,806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[630,764,785,806]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nMes
<subScript attach="left" box="[211,249,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
15.4. Pigmentation without specific characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Diagnosis of gyne (
<tableCitation box="[473,557,849,871]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Tab. 6</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[580,659,849,871]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="9.[151,197,1753,1775]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,170,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-11@9.[594,1146,882,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs.5-13: (5-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, head. (6-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., worker, holotype, lateral.(7-ussu) Formica ussuriensis sp.n., gyne, head; note the more trapezoid headshape.(8-aqui) Formica aquilonia, gyne, head; note the more rounded head shape.(9-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, head; note the more reticulate microsculpture of central vertex compared with Formica lugubris (Figs.14, 15), producing a matt surface appearance.(10-prat) Formica pratensis, worker, neotype, lateral aspect. (11-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, P morph, lateral; almost no setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (12-prat) Formica pratensis, gyne, N morph, lateral; many setae on head, mesosoma, and first gaster tergite. (13-kupy) Formica kupyanskayae, gyne, head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582236" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582236/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Clearly larger than
<taxonomicName box="[282,489,881,902]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[282,489,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mean and maximum
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2225 and
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. Hind margin and sides of head more linear, as result head shape more trapezoid. Scape short and thickset,
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/
<collectionCode box="[346,376,977,998]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
0.806,
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/ Smax 8.27. Setae on eyes rather short, EyeHL
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; setae on head margin behind eyes much more numerous than in
<taxonomicName box="[517,644,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[517,644,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
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and slightly longer, nCH 15.0, OccHL
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; gular setae much more numerous and longer than in
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<emphasis box="[526,656,1105,1126]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
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, nGu 10.8, GuHL
<quantity box="[226,309,1137,1158]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="107.0">107 µm</quantity>
; setae on metapleuron and frontal face of first gaster tergite much more numerous and much longer than in
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<emphasis box="[232,360,1201,1222]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
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, nMet 12.2, MetHL
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, nGfr 26.3, GfrHL
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. Distance of pubescence and of foveolae on paramedian surface of first gaster tergite as in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sqPDG 10.12, FodG
<quantity box="[427,518,1297,1319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="25.3">25.3 µm</quantity>
. Pigmentation without diagnostic characters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[816,1436,977,1127]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Fig.27: Classification by four variants of NC-clustering of 75 nest samples of workers of
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<emphasis box="[1087,1278,1009,1030]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
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(grey bars) and 10 nest samples of
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert, 2021" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[1003,1212,1041,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis" status="sp.n.">
<emphasis box="[1003,1212,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1216,1265,1041,1062]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(black bars). The mean error of four exploratory data analyses is 0.6%. Eight phenotypic characters were considered.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,773,177,2023]" lastBlockId="26.[816,1439,1201,1607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Taxonomic comments and clustering results. The species is similar to
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<emphasis box="[562,771,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and probably closely related. The geographically closest finding of
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<emphasis box="[259,388,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the south of
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Oblast’ (
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,
<geoCoordinate box="[184,295,1489,1511]" degrees="130.67" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="130.67">130.67° E</geoCoordinate>
) is situated about
<quantity box="[503,585,1489,1511]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" unit="km" value="340.0">340 km</quantity>
west of the next known site of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2021" box="[298,523,1521,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ussuriensis">
<emphasis box="[298,523,1521,1542]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Formica ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at
<geoCoordinate box="[552,651,1521,1542]" degrees="48.22" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="48.22">48.22° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[660,768,1520,1542]" degrees="135.06" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" precision="555" value="135.06">135.06° E</geoCoordinate>
. Accordingly, occurrence of hybridization and introgression has to be checked in the region of the lower course of river
<collectingRegion box="[151,218,1617,1638]" country="Russia" name="Amur" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Amur</collectingRegion>
. Yet, the data currently available provide clearly separate clusters in exploratory data analyses. Considering the characters
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/ CW
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,
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/ Smax
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, nSc
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, nCH
<subScript attach="left" box="[201,239,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, OccHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[326,364,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, nMet
<subScript attach="left" box="[434,472,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, MetHL
<subScript attach="left" box="[561,599,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
, and nPr
<subScript attach="left" box="[695,733,1722,1736]" fontSize="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">1750</subScript>
,
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nest samples of
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<emphasis box="[398,547,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were separated from 75 Panpalaearctic samples of
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<emphasis box="[484,618,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by NC-Ward, NC-part.kmeans, NC-NMDS-kmeans, and a PCA with an error rate of 0%, whereas NC-part.hclust misclassified 2.4% of the samples (
<figureCitation box="[390,468,1873,1895]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[816,851,977,999]" captionTargetBox="[822,1410,177,955]" captionTargetId="graphics-931@26.[1026,1401,280,951]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig.27: Classification by four variants of NC-clustering of 75 nest samples of workers of Formica aquilonia (grey bars) and 10 nest samples of Formica ussuriensis sp.n. (black bars). The mean error of four exploratory data analyses is 0.6%. Eight phenotypic characters were considered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5582265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5582265/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
). Using the same character system, an LDA classified 98.7% of
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individuals in agreement with the classification provided by four ex- ploratory data analyses. Regarding gynes, the first factor of PCA considering the characters
<collectionCode box="[518,551,2001,2022]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">CS</collectionCode>
, EyeHL, nCH, nMet, and MetHL scored 2.663 ± 0.221 (
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,
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) in three gynes of
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<emphasis box="[912,1065,1233,1254]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. ussuriensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but -0.275 ± 0.515 (
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,
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) in 29 gynes of
<taxonomicName box="[978,1110,1265,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonia">
<emphasis box="[978,1110,1265,1286]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">F. aquilonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A full separation by the PCA was also given when all 24 characters shown in
<tableCitation box="[1356,1436,1297,1319]" captionStart="Tab" captionStartId="16.[151,191,177,199]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,256,2005]" captionTargetId="graphics-28@16.[151,1437,249,2018]" captionText="Tab.6: Gynes of species and hybrids with sparse pilosity; data given as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (lower extreme, upper extreme) number of individuals." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9" pageId="26" pageNumber="159" tableUuid="29FD66685E266151FF5EDAF0FDB119D9">Table 6</tableCitation>
were considered unselectively.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="159" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="26.[816,1439,1201,1607]" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">
Habitat and biology. It formed monodomous and polydomous colonies and was found in often very dark spruce (
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<emphasis box="[902,961,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), fir (
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<emphasis box="[1020,1078,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="159">Abies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and broadleaf forests. These biomes have a boreal to subboreal character due to the influ- enceofcoldwatersofthePacificOcean.Thisleadstoashiftof biomes to more southern latitudes and lower altitudes than observed in comparable biomes in Europe. The 10 known sites are situated at altitudes of 622 ± 213 (270, 850) m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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